[The influence of age and gender on the characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with cardiovascular risks]. / Vliyanie vozrasta i gendera na kharakteristiki narusheniya kognitivnykh funktsii u patsientov s faktorami serdechno-sosudistogo riska.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the features of cognitive impairment in patients with vascular risk factors, depending on age and gender. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The observational cross-sectional study included data from 1.651 patients aged 45 to 84 years with vascular risk factors from various regions of the Russian Federation. The presence and nature of cognitive impairment (CI) were detected using the MOCA test, taking into account the total MOCA score and MOCA indexes evaluating violations of individual cognitive functions (memory, attention, speech, executive and visual-constructive functions, orientation). RESULTS: CI was detected in 89.2% of the surveyed (the total score of the MOCA <26). In middle-aged patients, 45-49 years old, executive functions and attention suffered more. The negative dynamics of CI significantly worsened in the age range of 70-75 years, statistically significantly increased every subsequent five years and was manifested by deterioration both in the mnestic sphere and in other cognitive domains. Statistically significant differences in the indicators of the total MOCA score in women and men were revealed at the age of 80-84 years (16.1 vs. 13.8 points, respectively, p=0.0279). By the age of 80-84, women had higher indicators of attention (p=0.025) and orientation (p=0.028) than men of the same age. CONCLUSION: The data obtained make it possible to identify patients, regardless of gender, under the age of 70 as an important target group for the treatment and more aggressive prevention of CI.

[Diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia: the results of observational Russian program DIAMANT]. / Diagnostika i lechenie kognitivnykh narushenii u patsientov s khronicheskoi ishemiei golovnogo mozga: rezul'taty Vserossiiskoi neinterventsionnoi nabliudatel'noi programmy DIAMANT.

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of divaza in outpatients with cognitive disorders and chronic brain ischemia (CBI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The non-interventional observational program included the data of 2583 outpatients with CBI from 30 cities (8 federal okrugs of the Russian Federation) who were on outpatient neurological treatment and received divaza in a dose of 2 tablets three times a day from Oct 2016 to Jan 2017. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the MoCA scale before and after 3 months of treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cognitive disorders were identified in 90.7% of patients (<26 MoCA scores). After treatment, the mean MoCA score increased from 19.58±5.13 to 23.99±4.21 (p<0.0001), the number of patients with normal cognitive functions rate (≥26 scores) increased from 9.3 to 41.3%, the number of patients with marked cognitive impairment decreased. The drug was well-tolerated by old and very old patients, adverse events were observed rarely (0.6% of cases). The majority of doctors (88.4%) noticed the effect of divaza as significant improvement or improvement, and 89.6% of patients valued the effect to be excellent or good. The use of divaza, the drug with endothelioprotective and nootropic effects, is pathogenetically justified and promising in patients with cognitive disorders of vascular etiology.

[Genetic characterization of subcbnI genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii].

Fourteen different revertants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii recovered with ability of biosynthesis chlorophyll b were hybridized with wile-type strain, and tetrad analysis with random sampling was performed. It appeared that sub genes resulting in cbnI gene to reverse mutation, and localize on the first chromosome. According to its linkage that differences, 5 strains carrying various mutant alleles of suppressor genes were determined. Forward hybridological analysis demonstrated that the sub genes were absent of allelic specificity and had a single genic character in response to suppression. Phenotypic analysis of the sub/Sub diplontic hybrid have verified the dominant character of mutant sub genes. The phenomenon of present various allelic sub genes and all its characters revealed that the possibility of several ways or various regulatory means exists in biosynthesis of chlorophyll b.