RESUMO
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is an intractable avian cartilage disease in which proximal growth plates of tibia lack blood vessels and contain nonviable cells, and it leads to the inflammatory response. Prostaglandins (PGs) genes have not been studied yet in TD chicken, and they might play role in skeletal metabolism, therefore we planned to explore the role of recombinant glutathione-S-transferase A3 (rGSTA3) protein and PG-related genes. In this study, qRT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis were used to identify the expression patterns of eight PG-related genes in the tibial growth plate of broiler chicken. The results showed that the expression of PG-related genes glutathione-S-transferase A3 (GSTA3), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS), prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES), prostaglandin E2 receptor (PTGER) 3, PTGER4, prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1) and hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthases (HPGDS) expression were identified and could significantly respond to thiram-induced TD chicken. Interestingly, the expression of rate-limiting enzyme COX-2 and PGE2 were induced after the treatment of rGSTA3 protein. These findings demonstrated that the occurrence of TD is closely related to the inhibition of PGs. Moreover, rGSTA3 protein participated in the recovery of TD by strengthening the expression of PG-related genes.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Glutationa Transferase/farmacologia , Osteocondrodisplasias/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Tíbia/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Osteocondrodisplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Tiram/efeitos adversos , Tíbia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Tíbia/patologiaRESUMO
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a type of bone deformity found in fast-growing chickens, which induce inflammatory responses. Prostaglandins (PGs) implicate in bone formation and bone resorption, associated with inflammation in an autocrine/paracrine manner. This study used qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis to identify the expression patterns of PG-related genes in the erythrocytes of broiler chickens and explore the effects of thiram-induced TD and the recombinant glutathione-S-transferase A3 (rGSTA3) protein on the expression of PG-related genes: GSTA3, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS), prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES), prostaglandin E2 receptor (PTGER) 3, PTGER4 and prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1). Interestingly, the results showed that these seven PG-related genes expression was identified in the erythrocytes of broiler chicken, and thiram-induced TD suppressed the expression of these PG-related genes in the initial stage of TD and promoted their expression in TD recovery. These findings demonstrated that the immunoregulatory function of erythrocytes can be inhibited in the early stage of TD and promoted in the recovery stage by modulating the expression of PG-related genes. Further, the rGSTA3 protein can modulate the expression of PG-related genes in erythrocytes and participate in the recovery of TD.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Glutationa Transferase/farmacologia , Osteocondrodisplasias/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/genética , Prostaglandinas/genética , Tíbia/patologia , Animais , Proteínas Aviárias/farmacologia , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Mutagênicos/farmacologia , Osteocondrodisplasias/induzido quimicamente , Osteocondrodisplasias/genética , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/induzido quimicamente , Prostaglandinas/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Tiram/farmacologiaRESUMO
Thiram, a carbamate pesticide, is known to induce tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broiler chickens. This study used a thiram-induced TD model to explore whether apoptosis-related genes were expressed in erythrocytes of broiler chickens and the impacts of thiram-induced TD and the recombinant GSTA3 protein in regulating these genes expression. In this study, mRNA and protein expression of six types of apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2, Bax, Murine double minute MDM2, Bcl-2-associated athanogene BAG-1, BAG-3, STAT3) were identified in erythrocytes of broiler chickens by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, and we also found that thiram-induced TD induced the decreased expression of these antiapoptotic genes in the initial stage of TD and promoted their expression in TD recovery, which suggested that the expression of these apoptosis-related genes in erythrocytes is highly related to the development of TD. Further, the recombinant GSTA3 protein promoted the expression of all apoptosis-related genes in the initial stage of TD and recovered the normal expression of these genes in the recovery stage of TD, which indicated that the recombinant GSTA3 protein may participate in the recovery of TD. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of the response of erythrocytes to thiram-induced TD and the recombinant protein GSTA3 in broiler chickens.
Assuntos
Apoptose/fisiologia , Glutationa Transferase/farmacologia , Osteocondrodisplasias/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/genética , Tiram/toxicidade , Animais , Apoptose/genética , Galinhas/genética , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Glutationa/metabolismo , Osteocondrodisplasias/genética , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , TransferasesRESUMO
This paper describes a device designed for controlling the size of cell-enveloping microcapsules. Microcapsule size varied inversely with air flow rate; an empirical formula was obtained relating packing density to microcapsule diameter. Microcapsule loading and cell distribution in the microcapsule are discussed. Finally, choice of microcapsule size is assessed, showing that smaller microcapsules result in better clone development.
