Identification of potential drug targets implicated in Parkinson's disease from human genome: insights of using fused domains in hypothetical proteins as probes.

High-throughput genome sequencing has led to data explosion in sequence databanks, with an imbalance of sequence-structure-function relationships, resulting in a substantial fraction of proteins known as hypothetical proteins. Functions of such proteins can be assigned based on the analysis and characterization of the domains that they are made up of. Domains are basic evolutionary units of proteins and most proteins contain multiple domains. A subset of multidomain proteins is fused domains (overlapping domains), wherein sequence overlaps between two or more domains occur. These fused domains are a result of gene fusion events and their implication in diseases is well established. Hence, an attempt has been made in this paper to identify the fused domain containing hypothetical proteins from human genome homologous to parkinsonian targets present in KEGG database. The results of this research identified 18 hypothetical proteins, with domains fused with ubiquitin domains and having homology with targets present in parkinsonian pathway.

2-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino]-N-(2-methylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxamide.

The title compound, C24H24N2O3S, exhibits antifungal and antibacterial properties. The compound crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit, with one molecule exhibiting 'orientational disorder' in the crystal structure with respect to the cyclohexene ring. The o-toluidine groups in both molecules are noncoplanar with the respective cyclohexene-fused thiophene ring. In both molecules, there is an intramolecular N-H...N hydrogen bond forming a pseudo-six-membered ring which locks the molecular conformation and eliminates conformational flexibility. The crystal structure is stabilized by O-H...O hydrogen bonds; both molecules in the asymmetric unit form independent chains, each such chain consisting of alternating 'ordered' and 'disordered' molecules in the crystal lattice.

2-[(E)-(4-Chlorophenyl)methyleneamino]-N-(X-methylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxamide, where X = 2 and 3.

The title compounds, both C(23)H(21)ClN(2)OS, are isomeric, with (I) and (II) being the N-3-methylphenyl and N-2-methylphenyl derivatives, respectively. The dihedral angle between the 4-chlorophenyl group and the thiophene ring in (II) [38.1 (1) degrees ] is larger than that in (I) [7.1 (1) degrees ], indicating steric repulsion between the chlorophenyl and o-toluidine groups in (II). In both compounds, an intramolecular N-H...N hydrogen bond forms a pseudo-six-membered ring, thus locking the molecular conformation. In the crystal structures, molecules are connected via N-H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the b axis in (I) and along the c axis in (II). Intermolecular C-H...O/S and pi-pi interactions are also observed in (II), but not in (I).

Two biologically active thiophene-3-carboxamide derivatives.

The compounds 2-[[(E)-(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]amino]-N-(3-methylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxamide, C24H24N2O2S, (I), and N-(4-methylphenyl)-2-[[(E)-(4-methylphenyl)methylene]amino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxamide, C24H24N2OS, (II), show antibacterial and antifungal activities. The m-toluidine ring in (I) and the p-toluidine ring in (II) are coplanar with their respective thiophene rings. In (I), an intermolecular C-H...O hydrogen bond is present, whereas (II) does not exhibit any significant intermolecular interactions. However, in both compounds, an intramolecular N-H.N hydrogen bond forms a pseudo-six-membered ring, thus locking the molecular conformation and eliminating conformational flexibility.

Two biologically active thiophene-3-carboxamide derivatives.

The two title compounds, 2-([(1Z)-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene]amino)-4,5-dimethyl-N-(2-methylphenyl)thiophene-3-carboxamide, C(23)H(25)N(3)OS, (I), and 2-([(1E)-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene]amino)-N-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxamide,C(25)H(27)N(3)OS, (II), show antibacterial and antifungal activities. The asymmetric unit of (II) contains two crystallographically independent molecules. The o-toluidine ring in (I) lies gauche with respect to the thiophene ring. In (II), the p-toluidine ring is coplanar with the thiophene ring in one molecule, but is tilted from it in the other molecule. Neither structure exhibits any significant intermolecular interactions, but in both, an intramolecular N-H.N hydrogen bond forms a pseudo-six-membered ring, thus locking the molecular conformation and removing conformational flexibility.