RESUMO
An earthquake struck the eastern part of Japan on March 11, 2011. The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was severely damaged by the earthquake and subsequent tsunami, leading to the emission of large amounts of radioactive pollutants, including 134Cs and 137Cs, into the environment. From August 23 to September 1 in 2011, and from August 27 to September 4 in 2013, we collected samples of animals, plants, fungi and lichens from Svalbard, Norway and measured the radioactivity of 134Cs and 137Cs contained in the samples. Though no radioactivity of 134Cs, which has a half-life of approximately 2 years, was observed, radioactivity of 137Cs, which has a half-life of approximately 30 years, was observed in some samples of lichens and fungi. We failed to detect the radioactivity of 134Cs in any of the samples we collected, therefore, it was impossible to say clearly that the radioactivity is derived from Fukushima or not. Nevertheless, the radioactivity data documented in this report are a useful reference for the future surveys of radioactivity within the Arctic.
RESUMO
In 1994, a new type of atom probe instrument, named the scanning atom probe (SAP), was proposed. The unique feature of the SAP is the introduction of a small extraction electrode, which scans over a specimen surface and confines the high field, required for field evaporation of surface atoms in a small space, between the specimen and the electrode. Thus, the SAP does not require a sharp specimen tip. This indicates that the SAP can mass analyze the specimens which are difficult to form in a sharp tip, such as organic materials and biomolecules. Clean single wall carbon nanotubes (CNT), made by high-pressure carbon monoxide process are found to be the best substrates for biomolecules. Various amino acids and dipeptide biomolecules were successfully mass analyzed, revealing characteristic clusters formed by strongly bound atoms in the specimens. The mass analysis indicates that SAP analysis of biomolecules is not only qualitative, but also quantitative.
Assuntos
Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Microscopia/métodos , Compostos Orgânicos/análiseRESUMO
Our previous studies demonstrated that prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment disrupts steroidogenesis but induces high-level expression of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA to inhibit the disruption of spermatogenesis. This study examined which prenatal DES treatment influenced hepatic microsomal enzymes, CYP3A1, CYP2B1/2, CYP2C11, UGT2B1 (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B1), and IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1), in male rat offspring. DES treatment decreased the mRNA expression levels of CYP3A1 and CYP2B1/2, but did not alter the expression of CYP2C11. At 6 weeks, DES treatment increasd the mRNA expression levels of UGT2B1 and IGF-1. These results suggest that prenatal DES treatment alters two hepatic enzymes (CYP3A1 and CYP2B1/2) and IGF-1 mRNA expression levels to counteract the low level of testosterone, but this disrupted UGT2B1 mRNA expression reduces the testosterone level.
Assuntos
Dietilestilbestrol/farmacologia , Estrogênios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Exposição Materna , Animais , Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/genética , Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/metabolismo , Citocromo P-450 CYP2B1/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP2B1/metabolismo , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/metabolismo , Família 2 do Citocromo P450 , Feminino , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/genética , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microssomos Hepáticos/enzimologia , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Gravidez , RNA Mensageiro/química , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Esteroide 16-alfa-Hidroxilase/genética , Esteroide 16-alfa-Hidroxilase/metabolismoRESUMO
Oxazaborolidine-catalyzed enantioselective reduction of alpha-methylene ketones was efficiently carried out by using borane-diethylaniline as a stoichiometric reducing agent. The combination of this method and subsequent hydrogenation of thus-formed allylic alcohol improved stereoselectivity in the reduction of 24-oxocholesteryl ester to 24-(R)-hydroxycholesteryl ester.
Assuntos
Compostos Aza/química , Compostos de Boro/química , Cetonas/química , Propanóis/síntese química , Compostos de Anilina/química , Boranos/química , Catálise , Ésteres do Colesterol/química , Hidrogenação , Modelos Químicos , Oxirredução , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
The authors encountered a 2-year-old-girl with adrenocortical carcinoma who underwent percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) for liver metastasis. The patient had functional adrenocortical carcinoma diagnosed and underwent excision of the tumor in the right adrenal gland. Because liver metastasis was detected 11 months after surgery, the patient underwent PEIT under general anesthesia. After the treatment, the size of the metastatic tumor was reduced with calcification and then disappeared. The patient was in a good condition 3 years, 3 months after the occurrence of liver metastasis.
