Postinfectious Optic Neuritis After Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease.

ABSTRACT: A 33-year-old man presented with acute painless loss of vision in his right eye after hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD). Examination confirmed a right optic neuropathy. Neuroimaging and routine evaluations for alternative causes for an optic neuropathy were negative. He was treated with high dose corticosteroids and made an almost complete visual recovery. Postinfectious optic neuritis has been reported after a vast array of infections including: varicella zoster virus, influenza virus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr Virus, Lyme disease, and many others. Although Coxsackie virus infections are a known cause of HFMD and have been reported to cause maculopathy, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of optic neuritis after HFMD in the English language ophthalmic literature.

Treatment with bone-seeking radionuclides for painful bone metastases in patients with lung cancer: a systematic review.

Treatment with bone-seeking radionuclides may provide palliation from pain originating from bone metastases. However, most studies have been conducted in patients with prostate cancer and patients with breast cancer. We aimed to perform a systematic review of the use of radionuclide treatment in lung cancer in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. In the eligible trials, pain relief was reported in 75% of the patients included in the studies. The onset of pain relief was seen within 1-5 weeks after treatment, lasting up to 6 months. However, the methodology in the included trials was poor-only two randomised trials were eligible, and none of them compared radionuclide treatments with placebo or best standard of care. The remaining trials were case series with inherent problems of methodology reporting. Particularly challenging was the lack of reporting of baseline disease status and use of prior/concomitant analgaesics. Large randomised controlled trials are needed to clarify the efficacy of radionuclide treatment in lung cancer.

Practical Consideration of Genotype Imputation: Sample Size, Window Size, Reference Choice, and Untyped Rate.

Imputation offers a promising way to infer the missing and/or untyped genotypes in genetic studies. In practice, however, many factors may affect the quality of imputation. In this study, we evaluated the influence of untyped rate, sizes of the study sample and the reference sample, window size, and reference choice (for admixed population), as the factors affecting the quality of imputation. The results show that in order to obtain good imputation quality, it is necessary to have an untyped rate less than 50%, a reference sample size greater than 50, and a window size of greater than 500 SNPs (roughly 1 MB in base pairs). Compared with the whole-region imputation, piecewise imputation with large-enough window sizes provides improved efficacy. For an admixed study sample, if only an external reference panel is used, it should include samples from the ancestral populations that represent the admixed population under investigation. Internal references are strongly recommended. When internal references are limited, however, augmentation by external references should be used carefully. More specifically, augmentation with samples from the major source populations of the admixture can lower the quality of imputation; augmentation with seemingly genetically unrelated cohorts may improve the quality of imputation.

Poldip2, a novel regulator of Nox4 and cytoskeletal integrity in vascular smooth muscle cells.

RATIONALE: NADPH oxidases (Noxes) regulate vascular physiology and contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular disease. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the interactions of individual Nox homologs with regulatory proteins are poorly defined. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify novel NADPH oxidase regulatory proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a yeast 2-hybrid screen, we identified a novel p22phox binding partner, Poldip2, and demonstrated that it associates with p22phox, NADPH oxidase (Nox)1, and Nox4 and colocalizes with p22phox at sites of Nox4 localization. Poldip2 increases Nox4 enzymatic activity by 3-fold and positively regulates basal reactive oxygen species production in VSMCs (O2(.-): 86.3+/-15.6% increase; H2O2: 40.7+/-4.5% increase). Overexpression of Poldip2 activates Rho (180.2+/-24.8% increase), strengthens focal adhesions, and increases stress fiber formation. These phenotypic changes are blocked by dominant negative Rho. In contrast, depletion of either Poldip2 or Nox4 results in a loss of these structures, which is rescued by adding back active Rho. Cell migration, which requires dynamic cytoskeletal remodeling, is impaired by either excess (70.1+/-14.7% decrease) or insufficient Poldip2 (63.5+/-5.9% decrease). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Poldip2 associates with p22phox to activate Nox4, leading to regulation of focal adhesion turnover and VSMC migration, thus linking reactive oxygen species production and cytoskeletal remodeling. Poldip2 may be a novel therapeutic target for vascular pathologies with a significant VSMC migratory component, such as restenosis and atherosclerosis.

Mechanism of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell cycle arrest in vascular smooth muscle.

Reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) can positively and negatively modulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth. To investigate these paradoxical effects of H(2)O(2), we examined its effect on apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and cell cycle proteins. High concentrations of H(2)O(2) (500 microM to 1 mM) induced apoptosis, whereas moderate concentrations (100 microM) caused cell cycle arrest in G1. H(2)O(2) (100 microM) blocked serum-stimulated cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2) activity, but not CDK4 activity, suggesting that cell cycle arrest occurred in part by inhibiting CDK2 activity. The serum-induced increase in cyclin A mRNA was also completely suppressed by H(2)O(2), whereas cyclin D1 mRNA was not affected. In addition, H(2)O(2) caused a dramatic increase in expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 mRNA (9.67 +/- 0.94-fold at 2 h) and protein (8.75 +/- 0.08-fold at 8 h), but no change in p27 protein. Finally, H(2)O(2 )transiently increased p53 protein levels (3.16 +/- 1.2-fold at 2 h). Thus, whereas high levels of H(2)O(2) induce apoptosis, moderate concentrations of H(2)O(2) coordinate a set of molecular events leading to arrest of VSMCs at the G1/S checkpoint of the cell cycle. These results provide insight into the mechanisms underlying positive and negative regulation of VSMC growth by H(2)O(2) in vascular disease.

[Left temporal arachnoid cyst]. / Chist arahnoidian temporal stâng.

Ocular onset is seldom for an arachnoid cyst. We present the case of a young man whose only symptom when hospitalized, was the unilateral peripheral field contraction. It was afterwards specified the presence of the arachnoid cyst and it's pathogenic feature, the compression of the optic nerve.

[Penetrating ocular trauma--therapeutic approach]. / Traumatism ocular perforant--atitudine terapeutica.

The most important factor for functional and anatomic prognosis of an injured eye is the appropriate emergency assistance. This paper presents a case of penetrating ocular trauma with minor clinical sings which associates severe lesions of posterior pole discovered intraoperatively. Careful history and clinical examination allowed the best surgical management, with complete anatomical and functional recovery of the eye.

[Post-traumatic glaucoma]. / Glaucomul posttraumatic.

This paper presents theoretical aspects concerning the physiopathological mechanisms involved in producing the glaucoma following trauma, especially the lens related glaucoma, correct identification of the ethiopathogeny of the intraocular pressure elevation in this situation is essential for the appropriate management. These aspects are illustrated by two cases of recent glaucoma following trauma lens related (lens subluxation) treated by medication and surgery. The surgical procedure consisted of intracapsular extraction of the lens, anterior vitrectomy, iridectomy and implantation of sulcus sutured posterior chamber lens. We present the technique, the difficulties met intra- and postoperative, evolution and prognosis.

[The nonfunctional pituitary adenoma, The optic chiasm syndrome]. / Adenom hipofizar nonfunctional. Sindrom de chiasma optica.

We present the case of patient D. E., 48 years old, whose diagnosis is nonfunctional pituitary adenoma. The diagnosis was revealed by the presence of bitemporal hemianopia. This observation led us to remember the principal neuro-ophthalmological manifestations and to emphasize the part of the ophthalmologist in the diagnosis of this disease.

[Suprainfected corneal injuries--the specific therapeutic aspects in 2 cases]. / Traumatisme corneene suprainfectate--aspecte terapeutice particulare în doua cazuri.

This paper presents two cases of corneal abscess and their therapeutically approach which was the surgical treatment (penetrant keratoplasty). First case was a corneal ulcer which failed to abscess under medical therapy. The second case was a corneal abscess complicated with impending perforation after intracorneal foreign body. The particular aspects for each case are emphasized as well as the common aspects for corneal infections summarized as an algorithm.

[Total rhegmatogenous retinal detachment - late postoperative complication]. / Decolare de retina regmatogena cvasitotala--postoperator tardiv.

This paper presents the case of a pacient operated for organized hemoftalmus after central retinal vein thrombosis (total vitrectomy) and whom five days after surgery a macular hole was observed and internal indendation with gas was performed. Postoperative evolution was good. Two months after surgery the pacient returns with cvasitotal regmatogen retinal detachment. The possible causes in bringing about of the retinal detachment in this case will be discussed as well as the factors that condition the success in posterior pole surgery.

[A comparative study of the results of 2 technical variants of protective trabeculectomy]. / Studiu comparativ al rezultatelor a doua variante tehnice ale trabeculectomiei protejate.

The paper presents a comparison between two glaucoma surgery techniques: classic trabeculectomy and trabeculectomy done with the punch. Both postoperative intraocular pressure and per and postoperative complications were similar. We consider that punch trabeculectomy is as valuable as classic trabeculectomy.

[Functional recuperation in unilateral congenital cataract--a clinical case]. / Recuperarea functionala în cataracta congenitala unilaterala--caz clinic.

The management of a monocular congenital cataract is dominated by the problems of amblyopia, always present. The paper shows the case of an eight years old child, who was operated when he was 6 month of age for monocular congenital cataract. After YAG-Nd treatment of secondary cataract, aerian correction and intense pleoptic and orthoptic treatment, the visual acuity rise up to 1/4, when was possible to made an IOL implantation. We consider that is important to try to solve the monocular congenital cataract, even at higher ages, because the results is possible to be satisfactorily.

[Comparison between two therapeutic approaches in patients with cataract and glaucoma]. / Operatie combinata sau seriata în cataracta si glaucom.

The paper presents a comparison between two therapeutic approaches in patients with cataract and glaucoma: combined filtering-cataract surgery and two-step surgery (initially glaucoma surgery, then cataract surgery). There are shown the criteria which sustain one or other condition, the kind of control of intraocular pressure, the evolution of visual acuity, and postoperative complications.