First Report of 16SrI-B Subgroup Related Phytoplasma Associated with Yellows Symptoms of Rubus cochinchinensis in China.

Rubus cochinchinensis, an important traditional Chinese medicine in China is used to treat rheumatic arthralgia, bruises and lumbocrural pain (He et al.2005). In January 2022, yellow leaves of R. cochinchinensis were found in Tunchang City, Hainan Province, a tropical island in China. Chlorosis spread along the direction of vascular tissue while the leaf veins remain green (Fig. 1). In addition, the leaves were slightly shrunken and the growth vigor is poor (Fig. 1). By survey, we found the incidence of this disease was about 30%. Three etiolated samples and three healthy samples (0.1g each) were used to extract total DNA (TIANGEN plant genomic DNA extraction kit). Using nested PCR method, phytoplasma universal primers P1 / P7 (Schneider et al., 1995) and R16F2n / R16R2 (Lee et al. 1993) were used to amplified phytoplasma 16S rDNA gene. Primers rp F1 / R1 (Lee et al. 1998) and rp F2 / R2 (Martini et al. 2007) were used to amplified rp gene. 16S rDNA gene and rp gene fragments were amplified from three leaf etiolated samples, but not from healthy samples. The amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced, and the sequences were assembled by DNASTAR11. By sequence alignment, we found the obtained 16S rDNA and rp gene sequences of three leaf etiolated samples were same. The length of 16S rDNA fragment was 1237 bp (accession number: ON944105) and the length of rp gene fragment was 1212 bp (accession number: ON960069). The phytoplasma strain was named as 'R. cochinchinensis' yellows leaf phytoplasma (RcT), RcT-HN1 strain. The 16S rDNA gene sequence of RcT-HN1is 99.8% consistent with 16SrI-B subgroup members such as the 'Brassica napus' dwarf phytoplasma strain WH3 (MG599470.1), Chinaberry yellows phytoplasma strain LJM-1(KX683297.1) and Arecanut yellow leaf disease phytoplasma strain B165 (FJ694685.1). The rp gene sequence of RcT-HN1 is 100% consistent with rpI-B subgroup members such as the 'Salix tetradenia' witches'-broom phytoplasma strain YM-1 (KC117314.1) and Chinaberry witches'-broom phytoplasma strain Hainan (EU348781.1). The phylogenetic tree analysis, based on concatenated 16S rDNA-rp gene sequence of same group phytoplasma by MEGA 7.0 employing neighbor-joining (NJ) method with 1000 bootstrap value, were performed (Kumar et al., 2016). The results showed that RcT-HN1 phytoplasma strain formed a subclade in aster yellows group B subgroup (Fig. 2). The virtual RFLP analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene fragment of RcT-HN1 phytoplasma strain was performed by the interactive online phytoplasma classification tool iPhyClassifier (Zhao et al., 2009). The results showed that the phytoplasma strain was same as the reference pattern of the onion yellows phytoplasma of 16SrI-B (GenBank accession: AP006628), and the similarity coefficient was 1.00. This is the first report that 16SrI-B subgroup related phytoplasma infected R. cochinchinensis and caused yellows symptoms in China. The discovery of the disease is helpful to the study of the spread of phytoplasma-related diseases and protect R. cochinchinensis resources.

In-Situ Growth of Mn3 O4 Nanoparticles on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots-Derived Carbon Skeleton as Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries.

Mn3 O4 is a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) which is a new type of low cost, eco-friendly, high security energy storage system, while those previously reported electrochemical capacities of Mn3 O4 are far from its theoretical value. In this work, Mn3 O4 nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) are synthesized together through an in-situ hydrothermal route, and then calcined to be a nanocomposite in which Mn3 O4 nanoparticles are anchored on a nitrogen-doped carbon skeleton (designated as Mn3 O4 /NCDs). Although the carbon content is only 3.9 wt.% in the Mn3 O4 /NCDs, the NCDs-derived carbon skeleton provides an electrically conductive network and a stable structure. Such a special nanocomposite has a large specific surface area, plenty of active sites, excellent hydrophilicity and good electronic conductivity. Owing to these structural merits, the Mn3 O4 /NCDs electrode exhibits a preeminent specific capacity of 443.6 mAh g-1 and 123.3 mAh g-1 at current densities of 0.1 and 1.5 A g-1 in ZIBs, respectively, which are far beyond the bare Mn3 O4 nanoparticles synthesized under the similar condition. The electrochemical measurement results prove that carbon dots, as a new type of carbon nanomaterials, have strong ability to modify and improve the performance of existing electrode materials, which may push these electrode materials forward to practical applications.

Red Fluorescent Carbon Dot Powder for Accurate Latent Fingerprint Identification using an Artificial Intelligence Program.

Development and comparison of the latent fingerprints (LFPs) are two major studies in detection and identification of LFPs, respectively. However, integrated research studies on both fluorescent materials for LFP development and digital-processing programs for LFP comparison are scarcely seen in the literature. In this work, highly efficient red-emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) are synthesized in one pot and mixed with starch to form R-CDs/starch phosphors. Such phosphors are comparable with various substrates and suitable for the typical powder dusting method to develop LFPs. The fluorescence images of the developed LFPs are handled with an artificial intelligence program. For the optimal sample, this program presents an excellent matching score of 93%, indicating that the developed sample has very high similarity with the standard control. Our results are significantly better than the benchmark obtained by the traditional method, and thus, both the R-CDs/starch phosphors and the digital processing program fit well for the practical applications.

Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Zn-Air Batteries: Carbon Dots and Co9S8 Nanoparticles in a N,S-Codoped Carbon Matrix.

Non-noble metal-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) and oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) are an essential component of high-performance rechargeable Zn-air batteries (ZABs). Herein, we report a novel and simple method for preparing Co9S8 nanoparticles embedded in N and S codoped carbon materials with aid of carbon dots (CDs). CDs play a key role in distributing Co9S8 nanoparticles in the matrix uniformly and enhancing the specific surface area and the electric conductivity simultaneously. The obtained Co9S8/CD@NSC exhibits an excellent ORR and OER bifunctional catalytic activity and a great long-term durability, with a half-wave potential of 0.84 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for the ORR and a low potential of 1.62 V versus RHE at 10 mA cm-2, which outperform the popular Pt/C and RuO2 commercial catalysts. Moreover, the Co9S8/CD@NSC catalyst also displays a superior activity and cycling stability as a cathode material in ZABs, which is far better than Pt/C + RuO2 mixture catalysts. Such a ZAB shows a low charge/discharge voltage gap of 0.62 V and great cycling stability over 125 h at 10 mA cm-2.

Robust Negative Electrode Materials Derived from Carbon Dots and Porous Hydrogels for High-Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors.

Hybrid supercapacitors generally show high power and long life spans but inferior energy densities, which are mainly caused by carbon negative electrodes with low specific capacitances. To improve the energy densities, the traditional methods include optimizing pore structures and modifying pseudocapacitive groups on the carbon materials. Here, another promising way is suggested, which has no adverse effects to the carbon materials, that is, constructing electron-rich regions on the electrode surfaces for absorbing cations as much as possible. For this aim, a series of hierarchical porous carbon materials are produced by calcinating carbon dots-hydrogel composites, which have controllable surface states including electron-rich regions. The optimal sample is employed as the negative electrode to fabricate hybrid supercapacitors, which show remarkable specific energy densities (up to 62.8-90.1 Wh kg-1 ) in different systems.

Red-Emissive Carbon Dots for Fingerprints Detection by Spray Method: Coffee Ring Effect and Unquenched Fluorescence in Drying Process.

Brightly red fluorescent carbon dots are synthesized hydrothermally and dissolved in diluted hydrochloric acid solution. Such carbon dots exhibit excitation-independent emission at about 620 nm with quantum yield over 10%, which is visible in daylight. After the carbon dots solution is sprayed to the fingerprints on various solid substrates and dried in air, clear fingerprints can be seen under an ultraviolet lamp and stay stable for 1 day. Detailed characterizations suggest that during the drying process, the coffee-ring effect and the electrostatic interactions between the carbon dots and the fingerprint residues prevent the typical aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching of carbon dots.

Nickel Hydroxide-Modified Sulfur/Carbon Composite as a High-Performance Cathode Material for Lithium Sulfur Battery.

Tailored sulfur cathode is vital for the development of a high performance lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery. A surface modification on the sulfur/carbon composite would be an efficient strategy to enhance the cycling stability. Herein, we report a nickel hydroxide-modified sulfur/conductive carbon black composite (Ni(OH)2@S/CCB) as the cathode material for the Li-S battery through the thermal treatment and chemical precipitation method. In this composite, the sublimed sulfur is stored in the CCB, followed by a surface modification of Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles with size of 1-2 nm. As a cathode for the Li-S battery, the as-prepared Ni(OH)2@S/CCB electrode exhibits better cycle stability and higher rate discharge capacity, compared with the bare S/CCB electrode. The improved performance is largely due to the introduction of Ni(OH)2 surface modification, which can effectively suppress the "shuttle effect" of polysulfides, resulting in enhanced cycling life and higher capacity.

[Effects of DNMT1 Gene Silencing on Methylation of SOCS-1 Gene in Myeloma Cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of DNA methyhransferase l (DNMT1) gene silencing on methylation of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS-1) in multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells. METHODS: Recombinant plasmid pshRNA-DNMTl was transfected into multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells by lipofectamine 2000. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of DNMTl in RPMI 8226 cells respectively before and after transfection. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the methylation level change of SOCS-1 gene in RPMI8226 cells transfected. RESULTS: DNMTl targeted short hairpin RNA(shRNA) was successfully inserted into the plasmid vector pshRNA. RT-PCR results showed that the relative mRNA expression level of DNMTI gene in RPMI 8226 cells transfected with pshRNA was 0.176±0.004 which was significantly lower than that in cells transfected by empty vector (0.956±0.033, P<0.01). Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression level of DNMT1 protein of RPMI 8226 cells transfected by pshRNA was 0.065±0.014, which was significantly lower than that in transfected cells by empty vector(0.415±0.027) (P<0.05). These results indicated that the recombinant plasmid pshRNA could effectively knock down the expression of DNMT1 gene in RPMI 8226 cells. Methylation analysis showed that the methylation level of SOCS-1 gene was obviously reduced after transfection. CONCLUSION: DNMT1 gene in RPMI 8226 cell can be silenced by shRNA. DNMT1 gene silencing can significantly induce SOCS-1 gene hypomethylation, which indicates that DNMT1 may play an important role in the process of SOCS-1 hypermethylation.

[Expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

The aim of this study was to explore the expression of pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its relationship with the pathogenesis of ALL, as well as study the difference of the PTTG expression in ALL patients with Ph1 chromosome and without Ph1 chromosome. The mRNA expressions of PTTG in bone marrow from 28 patients with ALL and 28 normal controls were quantitatively detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). The results indicated that the expression of PTTG mRNA was significantly higher in ALL patients (1.9428E5 ± 1.8372E5) than that in normal controls (4.5766E3 ± 1.1817E3) (P < 0.05). The expression of PTTG mRNA was higher in Ph1 chromosome positive patients. The initial expression of PTTG mRNA was lower in patients achieved complete remission than that in patients with non-complete remission. It is concluded that the overexpression of PTTG may be related to the progression and genesis of ALL. Overexpression of PTTG may be intimately related to the progression and genesis of Ph1 chromosome positive ALL. It provides a new ideas to research the pathogenesis and genic target treatment of ALL.

[Expression of FoxO3a in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and its clinical significance].

This study was aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of forkhead box protein O3a (FoxO3a) in the patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Western blot was used to detect the FoxO3a protein expression in bone marrow samples from 44 newly diagnosed AML patients and 5 healthy donors. Additionally, 14 patients' samples were reevaluated when they got complete remission (CR). The results showed that FoxO3a expression (FoxO3a/ß-actin 0.43 ± 0.19) in newly diagnosed AML patients was much higher than that in healthy donors (FoxO3a/ß-actin 0.19 ± 0.06) (P < 0.001). The FoxO3a level was down-regulated when CR was got and there was not significant difference between patients in CR and healthy donors (P > 0.10). The correlation analysis showed that the level of FoxO3a expression positively correlated with the white blood cell count of AML patients at the time of diagnosis. Although FoxO3a expression did not positively correlate with the CR rate, the higher FoxO3a expression in AML patients showed a shorter remission duration. It is concluded that FoxO3a may be a oncoprotein in AML, and the high FoxO3a expression is associated with poor prognosis.

Theoretical study on novel nitrogen-rich energetic compounds of bis(amino)-azobis(azoles) with tetrazene unit.

Six stereoisomers of 5,5'-bis(amino)-1,1'-azobis(tetrazoles) and 30 other structures, including all possible bis(amino)-azobis(azoles) with an N-N=N-N unit, were designed. The molecular geometries were fully optimized at the DFT-B3LYP level with the 6-31++g (d, p) basis set. From the absence of any imaginary frequency in the infrared vibration frequency spectrum, it is predicted that all these studied structures may exist in stable forms. The results of the total energies of the stereoisomers of 5,5'-bis(amino)-1,1'-azobis(tetrazoles) indicate that the two symmetric trans-form structures are more likely to exist than the other four. The pyrolysis process, chemical stability and molecular electrostatic potential were studied via the investigation of their electronic structure. Heats of formation (HOFs) were calculated using the atomization energy method based on the results of the harmonic vibration frequencies, and a linear relationship was found between the HOF and nitrogen chain or nitrogen content. Densities of the title compounds were predicted with the Monte Carlo method. Finally, according to the results of the calculated HOFs and densities, the explosive parameters of these compounds were calculated using the Kamlet-Jacobs formula. 5,5'-Bis(amino)-1,1'-azobis(tetrazoles) and its isomer 5,5'-bis(amino)-2,2'-azobis(tetrazoles) may have potential for use as energetic compounds.

Theoretical study of the decomposition mechanisms and kinetics of the ingredients RDX in composition B.

RDX as a component in composition B (TNT + RDX) was first studied by us on its mechanism and kinetics of decomposition reactions in this paper. We have pointed out three possible pathways and found a new low-energy process of its decomposition. The N-N bond cleavage in composition B has higher dissociation energies than the monomer, but it is also the initial step. The optimized structures and the frequencies of all the stationary points were calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The minimum-energy paths were obtained by using the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) theory, and the reaction potential energy curve was corrected with zero-point energy. Finally, the rate constants were calculated in a wide temperature region from 200 to 2500 K using TST, TST/Eckart theories. The obtained results also indicate that the tunneling effects are remarkable at low temperature (200 K

[A preliminary study on efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by myeloablative conditioning regimen with fludarabine for high risk leukemia patients].

The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) by myeloablative conditioning regimen with fludarabine for high risk leukemia patients. 25 refractory and relapsed leukemia patients underwent allo-HSCT with new conditioning regimen consisted of fludarabine, busulfan and cyclophosphamide. Donors for 15 patients were sibling, but donors for the rest 10 patients were all unrelated. HLA matched and mismatched donors were for 15 and 10 patients respectively. The graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis included cyclosporine A and methotrexate, while mycophenolate mofetil and rabbit anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (ATG) were used in case of unrelated and HLA mismatched HSCT. The results showed that unrelated donor HSCT in 10 cases was successful (100%), 14 out of 15 patients with donors of sibling or parent also reconstructed their haematopoietic system. One mismatched patient (4/6) died of graft failure. The time from transplantation to ANC > 0.5 × 10(9)/L and Plt > 20 × 10(9)/L were 13 (11 - 19) days and 13 (12-20) days after transplantation respectively. The cumulative incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD and chronic GVHD was 12.5% (3/24) and 47.4% (9/19), respectively. In a follow-up duration of 6-84 months, 12 patients were dead, out of which 8 died of relapse; 1 cases died of regimen-associated side effect. 3 cases died of serious infection. The other 13 patients remained alive and disease-free survival probability was 48.7%. It is concluded that allo-HSCT by myeloablative conditioning regimen with fludarabine is a safe and effective option for high risk leukemia patients, which reduces aGVHD incidence and regimen-associated side effect, but it should be modified for higher rate of relapse.

[Expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene in patients with AML].

The aim of study was to explore the expression of pituitary tumor-transforming gene (pttg) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its relationship with the pathogenesis of AML, simultaneously to investigate the difference of the pttg expression among AML different subtypes. The expressions of pttg mRNA were quantitatively detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) in bone marrow from 47 patients with AML and 28 normal controls. The results indicated that the expression of pttg mRNA was significantly higher in AML patients [(1.1323 ± 1.3934) × 10(5)] than that in normal controls [(4.5766 ± 1.1817) × 10(3)] (p < 0.05). The expression of pttg mRNA was higher in M(3) patients than that in other AML subtypes, such as M(1), M(2), M(4), M(5). It is concluded that the overexpression of pttg may be related to the pathogenesis and progression of AML, in which the overexpression of pttg may be more intimately related to the pathogenesis and progression of M(3). This study provides a new idea to research the pathogenesis and targeted gene therapy of AML.

[Significance of platelet parameters and lactate dehydrogenase level in differential diagnosis for thrombocytosis].

This study was purposed to explore the clinical application of mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytosis. The clinical applications of 3 platelet routine laboratory parameters (MPV, PDW, P-LCR) and LDH were examined in 1048 patients with thrombocytosis-related diseases: reactive thrombocytosis (RT), chronic myeloproliferative disease (CMPD) including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to predict the cause of thrombocytosis. The results indicated that there were significant differences in MCV, PDW, P-LCR and LDH level between RT and CMPD groups (p < 0.05). The area under ROC curve of PDW and P-LCR for prediction of CMPD were 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93 - 0.99) and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84 - 0.95) respectively, and whose optimal cut-off value was 11.95%and 23.05% respectively. Three types of CMPD were characterized as follows: high P-LCR and high LDH level in chronic myeloid leukemia, whose optimal cut-off value was 424 U/L and 26.10% respectively; slightly high LDH level and high Plt count in ET, the optimal cut-off value of Plt was 939 x 109/L. In conclusion, these characteristics of MPV, PDW, P-LCR and LDH levels may be useful for simple and primary differential diagnosis of the thrombocytosis-related disease mentioned above.

[Expression of FLT3 internal tandem duplication in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia and its correlation with multidrug resistance].

This study was aimed to investigate the expression of FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to analyse the clinical features of patients with mutations and the relation of FLT3-ITD with multidrug resistance gene 1 (mdr1). RT-PCR was used to determine the expressions of FIT3-ITD and mdr1 gene in bone marrow samples from 81 new diagnosed pediatric patients with AML, the cytogenetics and immunophenotypes of bone marrow cells were routinely examined. The results indicated that the FLT3-ITDs were detected in 8 out of 81 pediatric patients (9.88%) and all mutations detected were hybrid, while less frequently this mutation was detected in adult patients. Although they were irrelevant with sex and immunophenotypes, the mutations seemed predominant in older pediatric patients. The leukocyte counts and bone marrow blast cell counts in pediatric patients with FLT3-ITD at diagnosis were higher than those in pediatric patients without FLT3-ITD (p = 0.001 and p = 0.041 respectively), but the normal chromosomes were found in most pediatric patients with FLT-ITD. The patients with FLT3-ITD had lower induction remission rate (only 25%), but the patients without FLT3-ITD had higher remission rate (76.1%). According results detected by RT-PCR, the mdr1 gene was found in 27 pediatric patients, but only 3 out of 8 pediatric patients with FLT3-ITD were detected to express both FLT3-ITD and mdr1, which suggests unrelation between FLT3-ITD occurrence and mdr1 expression. It is concluded that the FLT3-ITD is frequent mutation in pediatric patients with AML, the prognosis is worse and the induction remission rate is lower in these patients, but the FLT3-ITD not relates with the mdr1, which suggests that the common MDR modulators may be un effective for therapy of the patients with FLT3-ITD.

Notch1 signaling inhibits growth of EC109 esophageal carcinoma cells through downmodulation of HPV18 E6/E7 gene expression.

AIM: To investigate the role of the Notch1 signaling pathway in growth arrest of an esophageal carcinoma cell line (EC109) in vitro and the mechanism involved. METHODS: An intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN) was transfected into cultured EC109 cells by lipofectamine transfection. Subsequently, the proliferation of the transfected cells was measured by an MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. Human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) E6/E7 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR, and p53 protein expression was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Activation of Notch1 signaling resulted in inhibition of EC109 cell proliferation with the induction of G(2)/M arrest, downmodulation of HPV18 E6/E7 gene expression, and upregulation of p53 expression. CONCLUSION: Repression of HPV18 E6/E7 expression by Notch1 signaling results in the activation of p53-mediated pathways with concomitant growth suppression of HPV18-positive EC109 cells.

[Treatment of stage IV neuroblastoma with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children].

OBJECTIVE: At present there is no effective therapeutic approach for stage IV neuroblastoma. We report our experience with allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a means of treating this disorder in one child. METHODS: A 7-year-old boy with stage IV neuroblastoma received allogenetic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The donor was his mother who was haploid HLA-matched to the patient. Conditioning regimen consisted of fludarabin and melphalan. Stem cells were collected from peripheral blood and bone marrow of the donor. RESULTS: The patient achieved hematopoietic reconstruction and was converted to full donor chimerism according to short tandem repeat sequence-polymerase chain reaction detection. The patient's neutrophil count recovered to more than 0.5 x 10(9)/L 10 days after transplantation. The patient's platelet count recovered to more than 20 x 10(9)/L 11 days after transplantation. Acute graft versus host disease occurred 8 days after transplantation and was improved after treatment. The patient survived in a 210-day-follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Haploid HLA-matched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from parent donor was an alternative, safe and effective treatment for children with stage IV neuroblastoma.

[Clinical study on transplantation of G-CSF-mobilized allo-PBSC and allo-bone marrow for leukemia patients].

To study clinical outcome of G-CSF-mobilized allo-peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) and allo-bone marrow (BM) transplantation for patients with leukemia, donors were injected G-CSF 8-10 microg/(kg.d) for 5 days, PBSC were collected on day 4-5 and G-CSF mobilized BM was extracted on day 7. Conditioning regimen consisting of fludarabine, busulfan and cyclophosphamide. The results showed that transplanted cells in all patients were engrafted, the median days of neutrophil exceeding 0.5 x 10(9)/L and platelet exceeding 20 x 10(9)/L were 10.2 days (range 9 - 12 days) and 12.5 days (range 12 - 14 days), respectively. Patients were monitored up to 100 days, 4 of 12 patients (33.3%) developed II aGVHD, 10 of 12 patients (83.3%) developed limited cGVHD. The median follow-up duration was 5 months. Two patients died, the others were alive in disease-free situation. In conclusion, allogeneic transplantation of G-CSF mobilized PBSC plus BM was safe and effective treatment for patients with leukemia, the therapy provides rapid and sustained engraftment without increase in incidence of aGVHt and cGVHD.