RESUMO
Over the years, tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2) has been identified as an essential modulator of immune responses that conveys inflammatory signals to downstream effectors, subsequently modulating the generation and function of inflammatory cells. TPL2 is also differentially expressed and activated in several cancers, where it is associated with increased inflammation, malignant transformation, angiogenesis, metastasis, poor prognosis and therapy resistance. However, the relationship between TPL2-driven inflammation, tumorigenesis and tumor immunity has not been addressed. Here, we reconcile the function of TPL2-driven inflammation to oncogenic functions such as inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis resistance, angiogenesis, metastasis, immunosuppression and immune evasion. We also address the controversies reported on TPL2 function in tumor-promoting inflammation and tumorigenesis, and highlight the potential role of the TPL2 adaptor function in regulating the mechanisms leading to pro-tumorigenic inflammation and tumor progression. We discuss the therapeutic implications and limitations of targeting TPL2 for cancer treatment. The ideas presented here provide some new insight into cancer pathophysiology that might contribute to the development of more integrative and specific anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapeutics.
Assuntos
MAP Quinase Quinase Quinases/metabolismo , Neoplasias/imunologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/genética , Apoptose/imunologia , Carcinogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinogênese/genética , Carcinogênese/imunologia , Proliferação de Células/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/patologia , MAP Quinase Quinase Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , MAP Quinase Quinase Quinases/genética , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/genética , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/métodos , Mutação , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/patologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Evasão Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Evasão Tumoral/genéticaRESUMO
Mechano growth factor (MGF) is an autocrine/paracrine factor and sensitive to mechanical stimulation. MGF can be highly expressed in various soft tissues under physical stimuli, biochemistry stimuli or in damaged situation. MGF may "compensate" the stress for tissue in the processing of tissue repair. MGF can effectively accelerate the repair of the soft tissue by promoting the proliferation, migration and differentiation of cells. This paper summarizes the MGF expressions in different soft tissues and their functions in soft tissue repair. The paper also discusses current problems and challenges in using MGF to repair the soft tissue.
