[Effects of age on causes of hospitalization in children suffering from sickle cell disease]. / Causes d'hospitalisation des enfants drépanocytaires: influence de l'age (C.H.U. de Brazzaville, Congo).

The objective of this work was to assess the frequency the nature of complications and prognosis of the disease in children suffering from sickle cell disease. This retrospective study was conducted from January 2002 to December 2003 among 251 children suffering from sickle cell disease, hospitalized at the Brazzaville Teaching Hospital, Congo. The main hospitalization causes were dominated by the vaso-occlusive crisis (26.7%), anaemic crisis (20.3%) and infections (36.6%). The vaso-occlusive crisis were observed particularly in the 5 year-old children (p < 0.05); the hand-foot syndrome concerned in particular children under 5 years old. Anaemic crisis were found almost exclusively in patients under 5 (p < 0.05). The infections in children under 5 (35.8%) were almost as frequent as in older children (37.4%). Some non infectious complications were only observed in children above 5: cholithiasis, 4 cases; heart failure, 4 cases; hip osteonecrosis, 1 case. Global mortality was 4.8% and higher in children under five (p > 0.05). In addition, the death causes were dominated by anaemic crisis. In conclusion, this study stresses on the need to implement a primary prevention as well as a secondary prevention adapted to age.