RESUMO
The technique of heat denaturation was used in addition to electrophoresis for the detection of thermostability variants of hemoglobin and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in an attempt to measure the amount of genetic variability present in villages in the United Republic of Cameroon, Equatorial Africa. A minimum of three to a maximum of 13 thermostability variants were estimated for HbA and HbS, and a minimum of two to a maximum of ten thermostability variants were estimated for GdA, GdB, and GdA-. It is suggested that hemoglobin and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase thermostability variants are genetically determined and that the sites of these variants are at the hemoglobin and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase structural loci. The evidence for the existence of these hidden variants and their importance in the neutralist v. selectionist controversy are discussed.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/genética , Hemoglobinas/genética , Camarões , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Masculino , LinhagemRESUMO
The prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and sickle cell trait was determined in 371 Cameroonian males and 668 male blood donors in Chicago. The number of males with both sickle cell trait and G6PD deficiency was significantly greater than expected (p less than 0.05) in Cameroon. The number of males with both sickle cell trait and G6PD deficiency in the Chicago population also exceeded the exptected number, although this was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.30). A young red cell population associated with the sickle cell gene leading to elevated G6PD levels in G6PD-deficient males suggests that sickle hemoglobin may exert a beneficial effect on G6PD deficiency, rather than the opposite, as had previously been proposed. These red cells may be better able to deal with oxidative stress, which can precipitate severe hemolytic disease in G6PD deficiency.
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/genética , Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/genética , Hemoglobina Falciforme/análise , Traço Falciforme/genética , Camarões , Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Traço Falciforme/complicaçõesRESUMO
PIP: A critical issue in the planning of better health care delivery for developing countries is the training and education of health personnel. The Center for Educational Development in Health (CEDH) has field tested its text, Systematic Course Design for the Health Fields, a manual on the application of competency-based curriculum development techniques. A competency-based approach to curriculum design derives instructional objectives, content, and evaluation from the on-the-job responsibilities for the health worker being trained. A field test was conducted in order to determine whether the systematic course design method was applicable in developing countries. For the purpose of the field test, 10 national field directors from Cameroon, Colombia, Honduras, Lebanon, Malaysia, Nepal, and Vietnam trained by CEDH in Boston taught teacher training workshops based on the Systematic Course Design model of a range of health professionals in their own countries. Evaluation of the teacher training workshops was conducted during and immediately following instruction and 1 year later. 167 men and women representing a range of 29 health professions, participated in the workshops. Participants designed 132 courses based on the SCD model and taught 54 courses to about 2000 students. In Colombia, Honduras, Malayasia, and Lebanon, the national field directors applied the method to a range of activities. These field directors developed and taught 11 additional teacher training workshops on SCD to 140 health professionals, and they provided consultation to 12 other health professional schools and governmental agencies. Subject to the limitations imposed by the data, it does seem that a systematic course design method can be applied in the developing world to train health professions teachers. A range of health professionals used the method to design and teach a variety of courses for their own instructional purposes. Further research on the long-range effect of the competency-based training program is required.^ieng
