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1.
PLoS One ; 16(7): e0253644, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34297713

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the best way to convey the probability of serious events occurring in the future (i.e., risk of stroke or death) to persons with low numeracy or graph literacy proficiency. To address this gap, we developed and user-tested a bar graph and compared it to icon arrays to assess its impact on understanding and preference for viewing risk information. OBJECTIVES: To determine the: (i) formats' impact on participants' understanding of risk information; (ii) formats' impact on understanding and format preference across numeracy and graph literacy subgroups; (iii) rationale supporting participants' preference for each graphical display format. METHODS: An online sample (evenly made up of participants with high and low objective numeracy and graph literacy) was randomized to view either the icon array or the bar graph. Each format conveyed the risk of major stroke and death five years after choosing surgery, a stent, or medication to treat carotid artery stenosis. Participants answered questions to assess their understanding of the risk information. Lastly, both formats were presented in parallel, and participants were asked to identify their preferred format to view risk information and explain their preference. RESULTS: Of the 407 participants, 197 were assigned the icon array and 210 the bar graph. Understanding of risk information and format preference did not differ significantly between the two trial arms, irrespective of numeracy and graph literacy proficiency. High numeracy and graph literacy proficiency was associated with high understanding (p<0.01) and a preference for the bar graph (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: We found no evidence to demonstrate the superiority of one format over another on understanding. The majority of participants preferred viewing the risk information using the bar graph format.


Assuntos
Compreensão , Apresentação de Dados/normas , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Adulto , Apresentação de Dados/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Comportamento de Redução do Risco
2.
Can Fam Physician ; 64(2): 111-120, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29449241

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To develop a clinical practice guideline for a simplified approach to medical cannabinoid use in primary care; the focus was on primary care application, with a strong emphasis on best available evidence and a promotion of shared, informed decision making. METHODS: The Evidence Review Group performed a detailed systematic review of 4 clinical areas with the best evidence around cannabinoids: pain, nausea and vomiting, spasticity, and adverse events. Nine health professionals (2 generalist family physicians, 2 pain management-focused family physicians, 1 inner-city family physician, 1 neurologist, 1 oncologist, 1 nurse practitioner, and 1 pharmacist) and a patient representative comprised the Prescribing Guideline Committee (PGC), along with 2 nonvoting members (pharmacist project managers). Member selection was based on profession, practice setting, location, and lack of financial conflicts of interest. The guideline process was iterative through content distribution, evidence review, and telephone and online meetings. The PGC directed the Evidence Review Group to address and provide evidence for additional questions as needed. The key recommendations were derived through consensus of the PGC. The guideline was drafted, refined, and distributed to a group of clinicians and patients for feedback, then refined again and finalized by the PGC. RECOMMENDATIONS: Recommendations include limiting medical cannabinoid use in general, but also outline potential restricted use in a small subset of medical conditions for which there is some evidence (neuropathic pain, palliative and end-of-life pain, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and spasticity due to multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury). Other important considerations regarding prescribing are reviewed in detail, and content is offered to support shared, informed decision making. CONCLUSION: This simplified medical cannabinoid prescribing guideline provides practical recommendations for the use of medical cannabinoids in primary care. All recommendations are intended to assist with, not dictate, decision making in conjunction with patients.


Assuntos
Canabinoides/efeitos adversos , Canabinoides/uso terapêutico , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/normas , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Tomada de Decisões , Humanos , Espasticidade Muscular/tratamento farmacológico , Náusea/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Vômito/tratamento farmacológico
3.
Can Fam Physician ; 64(2): e64-e75, 2018 02.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29449260

RESUMO

OBJECTIF: Élaborer des lignes directrices de pratique clinique visant à simplifier l'approche à l'emploi de cannabinoïdes à des fins médicales en soins de première ligne; le projet visait l'application en soins de première ligne, en insistant fortement sur les meilleures données probantes disponibles, et la promotion de la prise de décision éclairée et partagée. MÉTHODES: Le Groupe d'examen des données a effectué une revue systématique détaillée de 4 domaines cliniques dotés des meilleures données probantes en matière de cannabinoïdes : douleur, nausées et vomissements, spasticité et événements indésirables. Neuf professionnels de la santé (2 omnipraticiens, 2 médecins de famille spécialisés en gestion de la douleur, 1 médecin de famille en milieu urbain, 1 neurologue, 1 oncologue, 1 infirmière praticienne et 1 pharmacien) et une représentante de patients composaient le Comité des lignes directrices en matière de prescription (CLDP), de même que 2 membres sans droit de vote (pharmaciens gestionnaires de projet). Les membres ont été sélectionnés en fonction de leur profession, et de leur contexte et de leur lieu de pratique, de même qu'en fonction de l'absence d'un conflit d'intérêts de nature financière. Les lignes directrices sont le fruit d'un processus itératif incluant la distribution de contenu, l'examen minutieux des données probantes, et des rencontres téléphoniques et en ligne. Le CLDP a confié au Groupe d'examen des données la responsabilité de répondre aux questions additionnelles et de fournir des données probantes, au besoin. Les principales recommandations découlent d'un consensus au sein du CLDP. Les lignes directrices ont été rédigées, peaufinées et distribuées à un groupe de cliniciens et de patients aux fins de commentaires, puis ont été peaufinées à nouveau et finalisées par le CLDP. RECOMMANDATIONS: Les recommandations consistent à limiter la consommation générale de cannabinoïdes médicaux, mais elles décrivent aussi l'emploi restreint potentiel dans un petit sous-groupe de conditions de santé pour lesquelles des données probantes existent (douleur neuropathique, douleur en soins palliatifs et en fin de vie, nausées et vomissements induits par la chimiothérapie, et spasticité causée par la sclérose en plaques ou une lésion de la moelle épinière). L'article examine en détail d'autres points importants en matière de prescription, et offre du contenu étayant la prise de décision éclairée et partagée. CONCLUSION: Ces lignes directrices simplifiées en matière de prescription de cannabinoïdes médicaux offrent des recommandations pratiques quant à l'emploi de cannabinoïdes en soins de première ligne. Toutes les recommandations visent à contribuer à la prise de décision conjointement avec le patient et non à la dicter.

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