Lived experience caring for a child with Covid-19 disease: A phenomenological study.

Background: Caregivers of COVID-19 patients, including mothers with an infected child, are affected by adverse physical and psychological effects. Since mothers perform an important role in caring for a child with Covid-19, explaining their challenges and experiences positively affects the health conditions of children and society, in general. Aim: This study aimed to explain mothers' experiences with children diagnosed with COVID-19, who were referred to Bandar Abbas Children's Hospital. Method: The present study was qualitative and used the Van-Manen method. The statistical population included 13 mothers with children hospitalized for coronary heart disease and COVID-19, who were selected by purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were implemented to collect data until saturation. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA 10 software. Lincoln and Guba's criteria were used to evaluate the data's accuracy and strength. Results: The mean age of mothers participating in the study was 37.92 ± 4.87. On the other hand, the mean age of children was 5.15 ± 2.07 years. Three main themes and 13 sub-themes were extracted from the data analysis. The main themes were "Inability to Caring", "Mental and Physical drain" and "Conflict of Roles and Responsibilities". In this study, when a child develops COVID-19 disease, the mother experiences a series of negative emotions, which lead to feelings of helplessness and inability to care for the child. Conclusion: Mental and physical manifestations strains were the most important issues that the mothers experienced. The majority of the participants need psychological support to cope with the disease. Therefore, it is recommended to make a proper design to psychologically and socially support these mothers, while alleviating the physical manifestations of their children's disease.

Epidemiological evaluation quality of life in patients suffering from early rheumatoid arthritis: a pragmatic, prospective, randomized, blind allocation controlled of a modular program group intervention.

OBJECTIVES: Epidemiology has taken on new roles in the management of health care services. In this study, we developed a non-pharmacological self-management modular program group intervention and evaluated its efficacy as an adjunct therapy in patients suffering from early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Patients were randomized to either participate in a non-equivalent intervention group along with the standard of care or only receive standard-of-care treatment at a community rheumatology center. The outcomes measured were a pain visual analog scale (VAS), patient general health (GH) on a VAS, and the Short Form 36 Health Survey version 2 scale measuring quality of life. These parameters were evaluated in the first week to obtain baseline values, and at 20, 32, 48, and 60 weeks to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention group. RESULTS: The patients were randomized, with 100 patients in the intervention group and 106 in the control group. The intervention and control groups were similar with regard to the percentage of women (86% vs. 89.6%), tobacco usage (25% vs. 19.8%), mean age (42.6±13.2 years vs. 46.6±10.9 years), and disease duration (15.3±6.7 months vs. 14.5±6.6 months). The mean outcomes were significantly different between the two groups, and post-hoc pairwise analysis demonstrated significant deterioration in the control group in contrast to improvement in the intervention group at the second, third, fourth, and fifth evaluations. Improvements were often seen as early as the 12-week and 24-week follow-up visits. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiology contributes to the evaluation of how well specific therapies or other health interventions prevent or control health problems. The modular program group intervention implemented in this study appears to be a suitable and feasible method to facilitate much more comprehensive management of early RA in socioeconomically challenged communities.

The effect of Kangaroo Care on behavioral responses to pain of an intramuscular injection in neonates.

PURPOSE: This study aims to assess the efficacy of Kangaroo Care (KC) on behavioral responses of term neonates to the pain of an intramuscular injection. DESIGN AND METHODS: One hundred healthy term neonates were enrolled and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, the neonate was held in KC for 10 min before the injection and remained in KC for the duration of the procedure. The primary outcome measure was the cumulative Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) score immediately after injection. RESULTS: The cumulative NIPS score immediately after injection in the intervention group was significantly lower (p<.001) than in the control group. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: KC given before injection seems to effectively decrease pain and should be considered for minor invasive procedures in neonates.