THE IMMUNOLOGICAL SYSTEM FOR BASIC EDUCATION: CONSTRUCTION OF A GAME FOR GIFTED STUDENTS / EL SISTEMA INMUNOLÓGICO PARA LA EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA: CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN JUEGO POR ESTUDIANTES SUPERDOTADOS / O SISTEMA IMUNOLÓGICO PARA A EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM JOGO POR ESTUDANTES SUPERDOTADOS

The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus, SARS-coV-2, has paralyzed the world, highlighting the importance of knowledge related to immunity that should be present in people's daily lives since basic education. The school space must be a place of inclusion and among all the publics served, students with gifted behavior are pointed out. The work took place in a workshop held at the VIII Summer Course (2020), for gifted students from the Development and Innovation in Science Teaching group - UFF (DIECI-UFF). The subject dealt with the Immune System and the proposals for the construction of pedagogical tools for future learning. The participating students were encouraged to solve clinical case studies, to participate in a game about the Immune System and challenged to produce a teaching material to be used by Science and Biology teachers. From the demands found, as well as the suggestions brought by the gifted, it became possible to improve the prototype of the board game. It was concluded that gifted students, when challenged, tend to concentrate and get involved with the proposed task, which resulted in the satisfactory production of materials that can be used by other students in elementary schools.

La pandemia provocada por el nuevo coronavirus, SARS-coV-2, ha paralizado al mundo, destacando la importancia de los conocimientos relacionados con la inmunidad que deben estar presentes en el día a día de las personas desde la educación primaria. El espacio escolar debe ser un lugar de inclusión y entre todos los públicos atendidos se destacan los alumnos con comportamiento superdotado. El trabajo tuvo lugar en un taller realizado en el VIII Curso de Verano (2020), para alumnos superdotados del grupo Desarrollo e Innovación en la Enseñanza de las Ciencias - UFF  (DIECI-UFF). El tema abordado fue el Sistema Inmune y las propuestas para la construcción de herramientas pedagógicas para el aprendizaje futuro. Es decir, se animó a los estudiantes del taller a resolver estudios de casos clínicos, a participar en un juego sobre el Sistema Inmune y se les desafió a producir un material didáctico para ser utilizado por profesores de Ciencias y Biología. A partir de las demandas encontradas, así como de las sugerencias aportadas por los superdotados, fue posible mejorar el prototipo del juego de mesa elegido por ellos. Se concluyó que los estudiantes superdotados, cuando son desafiados, tienden a concentrarse e involucrarse con la tarea propuesta, lo que resultó en la producción satisfactoria de materiales que pueden ser utilizados por otros estudiantes en las escuelas primarias.

A pandemia causada pelo novo Coronavírus, SARS-coV-2, tem paralisado o mundo, ressaltando a importância de conhecimentos relativos à imunidade que deverão estar presentes no cotidiano das pessoas desde a educação básica. O espaço escolar deve ser local de inclusão e dentre todos os públicos atendidos aponta-se para alunos com comportamento superdotado. O trabalho ocorreu em um workshop realizado no VIII Curso de Verão (2020), para alunos superdotados do grupo Desenvolvimento e Inovação no Ensino de Ciências ­ UFF (DIECI-UFF). O assunto abordado foi o Sistema Imunológico e as propostas de construção de ferramentas pedagógicas para um futuro aprendizado. Os alunos participantes foram instigados a solucionarem estudos de casos clínicos, a participarem de um jogo sobre o Sistema Imunológico e desafiados a produzirem um material didático que fomentasse as aulas de Ciências e Biologia.  A partir das demandas encontradas, bem como pelas sugestões trazidas pelos superdotados, tornou-se possível o aprimoramento do protótipo do jogo de tabuleiro. Concluiu-se que alunos com superdotação, quando desafiados, tendem a se concentrar e envolver-se com a tarefa proposta, o que resultou na produção satisfatória de materiais que podem ser utilizados pelos demais alunos nas escolas do ensino básico

[Traditional building techniques in architectural conservation and restoration: the experience of Casa de Oswaldo Cruz in the preservation of the Moorish Pavilion]. / Técnicas tradicionais da construção no trabalho de conservação e restauração arquitetônica: a experiência da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz na preservação do Pavilhão Mourisco.

The methodological and pedagogical dimensions of traditional construction techniques in the safeguarding of cultural heritage properties are discussed from the perspective of their contribution to the national policy for intangible cultural heritage, focusing on the conservation and restoration work developed for the Moorish Pavilion by the Department of Historical Heritage of Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. A discussion is presented of the need articulation between the history of construction systems and technological contexts, and the application of contemporary methodologies for the preservation of architectural heritage, including educational processes, and for professional training, for the transmission of knowledge.

[Cristina Mello and her role in the preservation of the historical buildings of Fiocruz at Manguinhos]. / Cristina Mello e seu papel na preservação do Núcleo Arquitetônico Histórico de Manguinhos-Fiocruz.

Interview with the architect and professor Maria Cristina Fernandes de Mello, who, among other architectural heritage conservation and restoration activities, played an important role in the events that led to the creation of the Department of Historical Heritage at Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. A broader analysis of her professional trajectory could help draw links between theory and practice in the safeguarding of cultural assets in Brazil, especially in the 1980s.

From colorectal cancer pattern to the characterization of individuals at risk: Picture for genetic research in Latin America.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in Latin America and the Caribbean, with the highest rates reported for Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina. We provide a global snapshot of the CRC patterns, how screening is performed, and compared/contrasted to the genetic profile of Lynch syndrome (LS) in the region. From the literature, we find that only nine (20%) of the Latin America and the Caribbean countries have developed guidelines for early detection of CRC, and also with a low adherence. We describe a genetic profile of LS, including a total of 2,685 suspected families, where confirmed LS ranged from 8% in Uruguay and Argentina to 60% in Peru. Among confirmed LS, path_MLH1 variants were most commonly identified in Peru (82%), Mexico (80%), Chile (60%), and path_MSH2/EPCAM variants were most frequently identified in Colombia (80%) and Argentina (47%). Path_MSH6 and path_PMS2 variants were less common, but they showed important presence in Brazil (15%) and Chile (10%), respectively. Important differences exist at identifying LS families in Latin American countries, where the spectrum of path_MLH1 and path_MSH2 variants are those most frequently identified. Our findings have an impact on the evaluation of the patients and their relatives at risk for LS, derived from the gene affected. Although the awareness of hereditary cancer and genetic testing has improved in the last decade, it is remains deficient, with 39%-80% of the families not being identified for LS among those who actually met both the clinical criteria for LS and showed MMR deficiency.

The germline mutational landscape of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Brazil.

The detection of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is essential to the formulation of clinical management strategies, and in Brazil, there is limited access to these services, mainly due to the costs/availability of genetic testing. Aiming at the identification of recurrent mutations that could be included in a low-cost mutation panel, used as a first screening approach, we compiled the testing reports of 649 probands with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants referred to 28 public and private health care centers distributed across 11 Brazilian States. Overall, 126 and 103 distinct mutations were identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively. Twenty-six novel variants were reported from both genes, and BRCA2 showed higher mutational heterogeneity. Some recurrent mutations were reported exclusively in certain geographic regions, suggesting a founder effect. Our findings confirm that there is significant molecular heterogeneity in these genes among Brazilian carriers, while also suggesting that this heterogeneity precludes the use of screening protocols that include recurrent mutation testing only. This is the first study to show that profiles of recurrent mutations may be unique to different Brazilian regions. These data should be explored in larger regional cohorts to determine if screening with a panel of recurrent mutations would be effective.

A pigeonpea gene confers resistance to Asian soybean rust in soybean.

Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most economically important crop diseases, but is only treatable with fungicides, which are becoming less effective owing to the emergence of fungicide resistance. There are no commercial soybean cultivars with durable resistance to P. pachyrhizi, and although soybean resistance loci have been mapped, no resistance genes have been cloned. We report the cloning of a P. pachyrhizi resistance gene CcRpp1 (Cajanus cajan Resistance against Phakopsora pachyrhizi 1) from pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and show that CcRpp1 confers full resistance to P. pachyrhizi in soybean. Our findings show that legume species related to soybean such as pigeonpea, cowpea, common bean and others could provide a valuable and diverse pool of resistance traits for crop improvement.

Development and validation of HPLC method with fluorometric detection for quantification of bisnaphthalimidopropyldiaminooctane in animal tissues following administration in polymeric nanoparticles.

A simple, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantification of bisnaphthalimidopropyldiaminooctane (BNIPDaoct), a potent anti-Leishmania compound, incorporated into poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles was developed and validated toward bioanalysis application. Biological tissue extracts were injected into a reversed-phase monolithic column coupled to a fluorimetric detector (λexc=234nm, λem=394nm), using isocratic elution with aqueous buffer (acetic acid/acetate 0.10M, pH 4.5, 0.010M octanesulfonic acid) and acetonitrile, 60:40 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.5mLmin(-1). The run time was 6min, with a BNIPDaoct retention time of 3.3min. Calibration curves were linear for BNIPDaoct concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 0.100µM. Matrix effects were observed and calibration curves were performed using the different organ (spleen, liver, kidney, heart and lung) extracts. The method was found to be specific, accurate (97.3-106.8% of nominal values) and precise for intra-day (RSD<1.9%) and inter-day assays (RSD<7.2%) in all matrices. Stability studies showed that BNIPDaoct was stable in all matrices after standing for 24h at room temperature (20°C) or in the autosampler, and after three freeze-thaw cycles. Mean recoveries of BNIPDaoct spiked in mice organs were >88.4%. The LOD and LOQ for biological matrices were ≤0.8 and ≤1.8nM, respectively, corresponding to values ≤4 and ≤9nmolg(-1) in mice organs. The method developed was successfully applied to biodistribution assessment following intravenous administration of BNIPDaoct in solution or incorporated in PLGA nanoparticles.

(18)F-FDG PET-CT for Surveillance of Brazilian Patients with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of (18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG-PET/CT) for detecting early cancer in carriers of germline TP53 mutation, the genetic defect underlying Li-Fraumeni and related syndromes, which predisposes to many forms of cancer throughout life. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 30 adult patients from six families with germline TP53 mutations were recruited. These patients did not have a diagnosis of cancer in the 24 months preceding the study. Anomalous concentrations from whole-body (18)F-FDG-PET/CT were assessed by two independent experts. Suspicious lesions were excised and subjected to pathological examination. RESULTS: A total of 6/30 patients showed abnormal (18)F-FDG-concentration. Confirmation studies revealed three cases of cancer, including one lung cancer, one ovarian cancer, and one disseminated breast cancer. Three patients had non-malignant lesions (one Bartholin's cyst and two cases of reactive lymph nodes). CONCLUSION: (18)F-FDG-PET/CT is effective in detecting cancer in subjects who are asymptomatic according to current screening guidelines. These results further suggest that (18)F-FDG-PET/CT is an appropriate method for surveillance of cancer risk in TP53 mutation carriers.

Beyond a man's world: contributions from considering gender in the study of bus drivers' work activity.

BACKGROUND: Bus driving is a typically male occupation undergoing a process of feminization. Although men remain a majority, women's integration has raised some questions, namely, related to work organization or its impact on health. OBJECTIVE: This paper focuses on the contributions of assuming a gender perspective in the analysis of the bus driving occupation and the conditions under which it is performed. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty female and 158 male bus drivers. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative approaches were combined. Ergonomic work analysis and individual interviews were used, as well as INSAT (Work and Health Questionnaire). RESULTS: Difficulties inherent to the work activity were highlighted, in terms of working hours and management of "peripheral tasks", with implications for the balance between professional and personal life. These difficulties were reported differently by men and women, although both made themselves clear about the impact on their career and health. CONCLUSIONS: Taking gender into consideration has enabled an enrichment of the questions that guide the analysis of this work activity, and contributed to a new perspective on the work performed by this occupational group as well as a new approach to study the history of the transport industry by proposing as focus of analysis issues related to "gender mobility".

Thinking about gender, thinking about a common space of observation and discussion of the work activity of the other: the case of bus drivers.

The work activity of urban bus drivers is held in the public space and characterized by a constant vigilance, but the moments of observation the colleagues' work are scarce. This fact results in a paradox--it is a work activity that is more visible to "outsiders" than to "insiders"--which has an important impact on the debate of the work activity from a perspective of gender and the women's work in a predominantly male context. Ergonomic analysis of work and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 urban public transport drivers, 16 women and 16 men. The results reveal the lack of conditions for the drivers' knowledge of the activity of another, especially when that other is a woman--while men attribute characteristics to women based on gender stereotypes and an extension of their role in the private sphere, women relate them with the need to prove their competence and be recognized. It is proposed the development, in the context of training, of a space for debate and knowledge of the activity of the other and for the creation of conditions for another integration of women in the profession and for another visibility of their work.

The entry of women in predominantly male professions: when training supports the search of alternative ways of organizing work time.

Following a research carried out on the integration of women in professional areas predominantly for men, this paper intends to present and debate the project of a training course which aims the transformation of the organization of work schedules in order to improve the well-being of the workers involved. The conception of training courses with this type of objective involves the confrontation and debate between the "invested skills" of the trainers and the "constituted skills" of the trainees. But will this paradigm remain intact when applied to training courses permeated by the gender dimension? That is what one will try to realize with the effective implementation of a training course, whose reflection will allow, ultimately, to enrich our understanding on gender, work, health and training.

Valores e objetivos da educacao brasileira: a questao da relacao entre filosofia da educacao e politica educacional, a partir de 1930

Este estudo pretende explorar duas questoes que se levantam a partir da analise da relacao escola-sociedade-cultura. Essas questoes se referem ao papel da filosofia da educacao e a intervencao do Estado na educacao, via legislacao do ensino. Assim, e desenvolvida uma breve reflexao sobre a filosofia da educacao, considerada uma intima relacao entre educacao e axiologia, e sao analisadas as exposicoes de motivos e os relatorios de grupos de trabalho, elaborados para a apresentacao e justificativa dos documentos das reformas de ensino de 1931, 1942, 1964 e 1971, buscando-se elementos que favorecam a identificacao de valores subjacentes, possiveis reveladores de uma efetiva intencao politica de ruptura do sistema de ensino com os objetivos e valores da filosofia educacional.