RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection requires a good host immune response. Cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha) may play a role in such immune response. Genetic changes in TNF-a gene promoter region are known to influence TNF- alpha expression. We therefore studied the role of one such mutation in chronic HBV infection. METHODS: Presence of -308 G/A polymorphism in the promoter region of TNF- alpha gene was looked for in 100 patients with chronic HBV infection, 91 subjects with spontaneously recovered HBV infection and 89 healthy controls, using a PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: Variant alleles (A/A or A/G) were found in 22 of 100 (22%) patients with chronic HBV infection, 21 of 91 (23%) subjects with spontaneous HBV clearance and 14 of 89 (15.7%) control subjects (p=ns for inter-group comparisons). CONCLUSION: TNF- alpha promoter polymorphism -308A is common in Iranian population, but has no association with development of chronic HBV infection.
Assuntos
Hepatite B Crônica/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Alelos , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genéticaRESUMO
Hundred people were examined for piezogenic papules (cutaneous hernia). Of these 80 had pedal papules, 86 wrist papules and 74 both pedal and wrist papules. Most of these papules were bilateral and multiple. All cases examined were painless. Biopsy showed fragmentation of dermal elastic tissue and herniation of subcutaneous fat into the dermis. Histology was similar for both pedal and wrist papules.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo , Hérnia , Tecido Adiposo/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Biópsia , Criança , Feminino , Pé , Hérnia/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PunhoRESUMO
Whereas lactose did not undergo a base-catalyzed transesterification with methyl esters of fatty acids, methyl beta-lactoside reacted under identical conditions to give mono- and di-myristates. This difference in behavior is explained in terms of the formation of an unreactive, internally chelated potassium-lactose complex. Supporting evidence for this hypothesis is the observed change in the anomeric equilibrium of lactose in the presence of potassium carbonate. The monomyristates of methyl beta-lactoside were assigned the structures of 3' and 6' derivatives, and it is concluded that the diesters are the 3',6', and 6,6' derivatives.
