Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Gas Transmitters NO, CO and H2S in Smooth Muscle Cells and Effect of NO-generating Compounds (Nitrates and Nitrites) on Average Life Expectancy.

Gaseous signaling molecules (gas transmitters) take an especial position among the numerous signaling molecules involved in the regulation of both intracellular processes that occur in different types of cells and cell-cell interactions. At present time, gas transmitters include three molecules whose enzymatic systems of synthesis and degradation, physiological action and intracellular effectors, the change of which under the action of gas transmitters may result in physiological and/or pathophysiological effects are well- determined. These molecules include nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). They are involved in the regulation of functions of various organs and systems of the human body, including the circulatory system. Interaction of NO, CO and H2S with various enzymatic and structural components of endothelial and, especially, smooth muscle cells has a significant impact on vascular tone and blood pressure. Furthermore, the crossing of NO-, CO- and H2S-mediated signaling pathways at common effectors and interaction with each other can determine the end, resulting functional response of the cell. The knowledge of the molecular targets of gas transmitters' action, the structure of the binding centers for gas transmitters and their interaction with each other may be essential in the development of methods of regulation of these signaling systems by targeted, directed action. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of the NO, CO and H2S interaction with the main targets, which carry out their regulatory effect on vascular smooth muscle cells. Also we describe here different ways of cross-regulation of NO-, CO- and H2S-dependent signaling pathways. We analyzed NO-synthase and nitrite reductase systems of nitric oxide cycle and discuss the nitrate-nitrite background of the existence of modern man, which can substantially modify the signaling system, the metabolism of virtually all cell ultrastructure of neurons, neuron-neuron and neuron-glial interactions and exerts its influence on socially significant diseases that can affect the quality and the average life expectancy.

[Experience of application of modern means of disinfection of air for preventive medications for respiratory diseases in troops].

Among factors of acute respiratory diseases morbidity in military personnel one of most important is frequent interfuisions, of military personnel and long-term occupancy in barracks in conditions of overcrowding. These factors conduce accumulation and communication of causative agents. Prophylaxis focused on prevention ofaerogenous transmission of infection. It is very important if ventilation in barracks is ineffective. Principally new possibilities of air sanitation in barracks are aerosol generators. Application of these generators unlike standard disinfection method provides massive exposure of fine aerosol to rooms. Authors highlight successful experience ofaerosol generators type Raster ULV that helped to reduce acute respiratory diseases morbidity in military personnel.

[The role of cooperation between the command and district medical service in prophylaxis of acute respiratory diseases].

The problem of increased incidence of respiratory diseases in troops is significant due to reorganization of military staff and redeployment of military units, which led to the deterioration of the terms of accommodation and living conditions of personnel. Significant contribution to the growth of this disease has brought an increase in the number of young recruits after the transition to a one-year compulsory military service, as well as reducing the number of doctors in the military echelon. In the Central Military District has developed a unified system of sanitary and anti-epidemic and preventive measures, an understanding commanders associations, military units and formations of the order and timing of their implementation, establish a uniform procedure for reporting on the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the garrisons as in operational duty, and on medical service. All this allows us time to carry out or correct preventive measures, to achieve a positive result of work on the health of military personnel. Due to the close interaction between the command and the medical service in the district after 2012 reduced the number of cases with respiratory diseases.

[Perm military hospital--80th anniversary].

Perm military hospital celebrated the 80th anniversary--nowadays branch No. 2 of the 354th District military clinical hospital of Ministry of Defence of Russian Federation. Nowadays Perm military hospital - modem prevention and treatment facility of the Central military district equipped with modern medical devices: ultrasonic units, digital photofluorography, cardiograph, modem devices of functional diagnostics. There are surgical, trauma, medical, neurology, infection disease, dermatovenerologic, polyclinic, hospital, laboratorial, radiology, physiotherapy units, intensive care unit and departments of functional diagnostics, ultrasound investigation and dentistry.