Synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite and its rapid mediated surface functionalization by silane coupling agent.

In this work, hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods were synthesized by simple one step wet precipitation method followed by their rapid surface functionalization via aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) to give modified (HA-APTS) product. Functionalized hydroxyapatite (HA-APTS) holds amino groups on their surface that can be further functionalized with other bioactive molecules. The extent of functionalization of HA was studied under three different processing conditions; at room temperature, at 80 °C and under microwave condition (600 W). Three different temperatures have been use for the purpose of comparison between the functionalized products so that we can judge that whether there is any effect of temperature on the final products. In the last we conclude that temperature has no effect. So microwave condition is best to carried out the functionalization in just 5 min.

Role of Ti-O bonds in phase transitions of TiO2.

A phase transition was achieved from TiO2 particles to titanate nanotubes by the breakage of Ti-O bonds without using expensive precursors, high temperatures, high chemical concentrations of alkaline solutions, and long synthesis times. The controlled preparation of one-dimensional nanostructures of titanates (H2Ti4O9.nH2O) has been conducted at a very low concentration of alkaline solution (1 M NaOH), and in a very short time (12 h) using TiO2 anatase and TiO2 P-25 (precursors) and a microwave enhanced soft chemical process. Temperature was used as a variable, and only low process temperatures (100-110 degrees C) were used. A combination of anatase nanoparticles/hydrogen tetratitanate nanotubes was synthesized using TiO2 (anatase) and a temperature of only 100 degrees C. When TiO2 (P-25) was used with the same concentration of alkaline solution (1 M NaOH), the same processing time of 12 h, and a higher temperature at 110 degrees C, only hydrogen tetratitanate nanotubes were observed. The linkages of "Ti-O" play a very important role in the structural features of different phases. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed two crystalline phases (tetragonal and monoclinic) in the case of TiO2 (anatase) and one crystalline phase (monoclinic) for products of TiO2 (P-25). The role of Ti-O linkages is obvious in the Raman spectra as revealed by a shift in peak positions for a layered structure of the hydrogen tetratitanate and a nanosphere structure of the resulting TiO2. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study showed a shift to a lower binding energy of the 2p peaks (2p1/2, 3/2) in the Ti region for titanate and confirmed the formation of titanate nanostructures. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed nanotubes of hydrogen tetratitanates (H2Ti4O9.nH2O) in the form of bundles. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) data supported findings of X-ray diffraction results of the products of TiO2 (anatase) and TiO2 (P-25).