[Level of spontaneous and radiation-induced cytogenetic damage in blood lymphocytes of children depending on age and life style]. / Uroven' spontannykh i indutsirovannykh oblucheniem tsitogeneticheskikh povrezhdenii v limfotsitakh krovi detei v zavisimosti ot vozrasta i uslovii zhizni.

On blood lymphocytes the frequency of cell with micronucleus was examined in different population of children. The groups with different lifestyle living in different ecological situation, and their reaction to the radiation exposure was investigated. It was shown that when the increased level of spontaneous cells with micronucleus was observed the increased radiosensitivity of the cells was found. The connection between the increased spontaneous level of the damaged cells with the enhanced sensitivity to irradiation in adaptive doses are discussed.

[Laser correlation spectroscopy of blood plasma for diagnosis of postradiation sequels]. / Lazernaia korreliatsionnaia spektroskopiia plazmy krovi dlia diagnostiki postradiatsionnykh posledstvii.

The method of laser correlation spectroscopy (LCS) of biological fluids, permit to detect fractional composition of biological fluids (in this case--blood plasma). This method have been used to study the late effects of radiation in experimental investigations on animals (irradiation in doses that induce the high frequency of malignant tumors) and on the people living in the zone of Ural Radiation Trace. LCS spectra analysis show the proportion of separate ingredients in the blood plasma in the very bright range of molecular dimensions (d = 1-10000 nm) and for this analysis the special way of classification (semiotic classification) have been proposed. Multicomponent spectra, represented as a histogram (the abscess--diameters of light-scattering particles, ordinate--their per cent in the light-scattering of the whole sample) divide on the separate a priori marked zones with the appropriate means of diameters light-scattering subcomponent. In dependence on the increasing, or decreasing of enclosing in the light-scattering separated subcomponent the program of classification refer this histogram to separate cluster. Each cluster on the basis of preliminary investigations of different pathologic states related to the definite sign reflecting the type of homeostatic alterations (intoxication, allergic, dystrophic, catabolic and their combinations). The detection of the direction of homeostatic alteration and its degree is the main purpose of the semiotic classification of LC-spectra. In this paper it was shown that this way of diagnostic of the nature of homeostatic alterations in the blood plasma is more informative in the evaluation of the weightiness of pathologic state of organism in the comparison with the complexes of laboratory methods, usually used. The method can register immunoglobulin relations, changes in concentrations of lipoproteids and cholesterol and fractional composition of immunocompetent blood cells. The model experiments on animals irradiated in the doses that induce the high frequency of malignant tumors in 12 months thereafter (50 per cent of irradiated rats) have been conducted. With the help of LCS blood plasma it is possible to show the differences in direction of homeostatic changes in animals with and without oncological disease in a long period of time before pathomorphological registration of tumors. At last when 764 individuals living in the Zone of Ural radiation trace have been inspected by the LCS blood plasma it was shown: a. individuals without pathological diagnosis (in the range of 100-150 cz cumulating doses) the radiation action doesn't modify the homeostasis system in practice; b. in individuals with preoncological, oncological, autoimmune and metabolical diseases the modification of homeostasis system in these doses range is noticed. The direction of this modification depend on the nature of pathological process. The methodical simplicity of LCS investigations, rapidity and automatism of analysis together with informative sensitivity of this method testify to perspectives use of LCS blood plasma for the decision of the problem of biodosimetry of irradiation of experimental animals and for monitoring of late effects after low dose irradiation.

[Radiation-induced adaptive response in children and effect of external and internal factors]. / Radioindutsirovannyi adaptivnyi otvet u detei i vliianie na nego vneshnikh i vnutrennikh faktorov.

434 children 3-13 old age and 4 adult people 20-40 old age have been investigated by the use of micronucleus (MN) assay and cytokinetical block by cytochalasin B on the ability to the adaptive response (AR). The frequency of lymphocytes with MN was scored in 1000 binucleated cells after irradiation in challenge dose of 1 Gy and together in adaptive (0.05 Gy) and challenge doses. The significance of differences have been determined by chi 2 criteria. It was shown that definite AR was determined in approximately 20 percent of "normal" children, when in adult population--in approximately 50 percent cases. The part of children with AR decreases in the groups of children with defects of development, with mentally deficiencies, with hard heredity (the parents are the chronic alcoholics), with the high pressure of genotoxic agents. It was discovered that in about the half of the children there is opposite effect observed-irradiation in adaptive dose induce the increasing of radiosensitivity; this effect is insignificantly expressed in adult people. The problems of genetic determination of AR, influence of different factors, the significance of AR as the phenomen of protection from extremal action have been discussed.

[Classification of results of studying blood plasma with laser correlation spectroscopy based on semiotics of preclinical and clinical states]. / Klassifikatsiia rezul'tatov issledovaniia plazmy krovi s pomoshch'iu lazernoi korreliatsionnoi spektroskopii na osnove semiotiki predklinicheskikh i klinicheskikh sostoianii.

The usage of laser correlation spectroscopy for verification of preclinical and clinical states is substantiated. Developed "semiotic" classifier for solving the problems of preclinical and clinical states is presented. The substantiation of biological algorithms as well as the mathematical support and software for the proposed classifier for the data of laser correlation spectroscopy of blood plasma are presented.

[Comparative analysis of semiotic shifts, established by LCS of blood plasma from random samples of studied subjects from the zone of the Chernobyl accident, "Ural Radiation Trace", and collaborators from St. Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz semioticheskikh sdvigov, ustanovlennykh metodom LKS plazmy krovi sluchainykh vyborok obsledovannykh iz zon Chernobyl'skoi avarii, "Ural'skogo Radiatsionnogo Sleda" i sotrudnikovS.-Peterburgskogo Instituta Iadernoi Fiziki RAN.

Using the developed "semiotic" classifier of laser correlation spectra of blood plasma the authors have carried out the verification of organism states of patients from the zone of Chernobyl accident, "Ural radiation trace" and collaborators from Sanct-Petersbourg Institute of Nuclear Physics. An analysis of results obtained using accidental selections which differed as to the character of radiation injury evidences for high informativeness of "semiotic" classifier of laser correlation spectra of blood plasma.

Heterodyne quasi-elastic light-scattering instrument for biomedical diagnostics.

The heterodyne technique has a number of advantages over the homodyne technique when an accurate characterization of particle-size distribution (PSD) of heterogeneous systems is required. However, there are problems related to acoustic vibrations that make it difficult to take advantage of the heterodyne technique. An instrument developed for quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) that uses the optical heterodyning principle is described. Vibration-related problems are considerably reduced because of the incorporation of all optical elements into one solid optical block. A real-time correlation analysis of the photocurrent fluctuations is performed by a PC-embedded analog-to-digital converter card with a digital signal processor. Investigation of the PSD in biological fluids for medical diagnostics is presented as a typical application. A diagnostic analysis of the PSD requires a simultaneous processing of a huge number of QELS data. An original statistical algorithm to accomplish this analysis has been developed. Technical specifications of instrumentation for heterodyne QELS measurement are discussed.

Study of DNA internal dynamics by quasi-elastic light scattering.

We have studied the large-scale internal fluctuations in DNA coils by using quasi-elastic light-scattering spectroscopy. We have measured the angular dependence of the first cumulant of the scattered-light autocorrelation function. Within the q (3) domain of this dependence, we observed the transition from the asymptotic behavior predicted for good solvents to the asymptotic behavior predicted for ? conditions. This allowed us to determine the screening length of volume interactions in DNA chains. Analysis of the autocorrelation functions by a regularization procedure allowed us to reconstruct the mode composition of the scattered light and to determine the relaxation time of the fluctuations in the coil size.

[Study of the conformational and intradynamic changes of phage lambda DNA molecules by laser correlation spectroscopy]. / Izuchenie konformatsionnykh i vnutridinamicheskikh izmenenii molekuly DNK faga lambda metodom lazernoi korreliatsionnoi spektroskopii.

Conformational changes of lambda phage DNA macromolecules were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. It was shown that the persistence length of B-form DNA in some conditions could could decline to approximately 12 nm. When studying the internal motions in the linear form of phage DNA macromolecule, a deviation was observed of the experimental angular dependence of the first cumulant gamma from theoretical predictions for the gamma in Rouse-Zimm model including hydrodynamic interactions. This deviation appeared in the region qRg >> 1, where Rg is gyration radius and q is momentum vector. The first cumulant deviation to higher frequencies is observed only for B-form DNA. Experimental behaviour of the first cumulant gamma for the A-form DNA coincides with the theoretical one in the Rouse-Zimm model.

[Laser correlation spectroscopy of the blood serum--a new approach to the identification of groups at risk for specific diseases and poisonings in areas of ecological anomalies]. / Lazernaia korreliatsionnaia spektroskopiia syvorotki krovi--novyi podkhod k identifikatsii grupp riska po otdel'nym zabolevaniiam i intoksikatsiiam v zonakh ékologicheskikh anomalii.

The technique methodology of nuclear correction spectroscopy are proposed to solve the tasks of mass medico-biological examinations. From the analysis of 2500 LCS-spectra of blood serum of donors, from various nosologic groups, it is concluded that the LCS method permits to identify risk groups with respect to certain diseases and intoxications, as well as to study pathological processes and to prognosticate the efficacy of the therapeutic measures used.

[Properties of plasma low density lipoproteins in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and ischemic heart disease]. / Svoistva plazmennykh lipoproteinov nizkoi plotnosti u patsientov s gipertriglitseridemiei i ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

It has been shown that low-density plasma lipoproteins in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertriglyceridemia are heavier in density, smaller in size, more negatively charged and more inclined to peroxide modification and aggregation than in healthy persons. The protein in the composition of such lipoproteins deviates towards the water phase, which may result in the masking of the domen, recognized by the BE-receptor and may lead to hyperlipidemia of a retaining character.

[Acceptance of cholesterol by high density lipoproteins in people with dys-alpha-lipoproteinemia and the possible role of apoprotein E in this process]. / Aktseptsiia kholesterina lipoproteinami vysokoi plotnosti u lits s dis-alpha-lipoproteinemiei i vozmozhnaia rol' v étom protesse apoproteina E.

Both subfraction "2" of high density lipoproteins (HDL2) from patients with hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia and subfraction HDL3 from persons with normal content of cholesterol were shown to accept the erythrocyte membranes cholesterol in vitro. Under these conditions HDL3 subfraction was transformed into HDL2-like particles, where content of unesterified cholesterol and its esters was increased simultaneously with enlargement of the particles size. The HDL subfraction, isolated from persons with high content of cholesterol, did not accept cholesterol under the experimental conditions. Apoprotein E, containing in the HDL subfractions, was not responsible for the particles cholesterol-accepting properties. Apoprotein E itself was capable of cholesterol elimination from erythrocytes as well as of cholesterol esters from HDL3 and HDL2-like particles with formation of a specific complex.

[Size distribution of plasma lipoproteins]. / Raspredelenie plazmennykh lipoproteidov po razmeram.

Particle diameters of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)--29.5, 36.3, 22.0; low density lipoprotein (LDL)--18.4, 19.0, 22.0; high density lipoprotein subclass 2 (HDL2)--8.5, 9.7, 15.0; and high density lipoprotein subclass 3 (HDL3)--7.2, 7.6, 14.4 nm were evaluated by means of flotation velocity (FV), optical mixing (OM), and fluorescent probe (FP) respectively. On the basis of the calculated frictional ratio f/f0 from FV and OM data for VLDL, LDL, HDL2, and HDL3--1.51, 1.07, 1.31, and 1.10, assuming the sphericity lipoprotein particles as an index for structural peculiarity a conclusion is made that in contrast to LDL and HDL3 HDL2 have asymmetrical weight distribution per particle volume. A model is suggested suitable for the structural peculiarity of VLDL established on the data of three independent methods which outlines VLDL as particles consisting of several associated subunits with the mean diameter of about 20 nm.

[Dynamics of coiled DNA by the light scattering method]. / Izuchenie dinamiki klubka DNK metodom opticheskogo smesheniia.

Quasielastic light scattering investigation of the intrinsic dynamics of the macromolecules in solution is discussed. The character of the spectrum is analysed. The particular case of gaussian chain is discussed in detail. The results of experimental investigation of T7 phage DNA intrinsic dynamics are presented. Due to the regularization procedure it became possible to separate the contributions of pure diffusional and the first relaxation modes. The angular dependence of these modes relaxation time is determined. The results are compared with the Rouse--Zimm theory predictions. It is shown, that the preliminary averaging of the diffusion tensor leads to the qualitative disagreement with the experiment.

Correlation between biological activity of 30 S subunits of Escherichia coli ribosomes and their conformation changes revealed by optical mixing spectroscopy.

Spectral analysis of light scattered from solutions of 30 S subunits was performed by the method of regularization of the inverse spectral problem. The subunits observed under ionic conditions which preserved their biological activity (200 mM NH4Cl at 1 mM MgCl2) revealed a monodisperse pattern of scattering with diffusion constant D = (1.83 +/- 0.10) X 10(-7) cm2/s. The polydispersity and compaction of 30 S subunits were observed under inactivation ionic conditions (30 mM NH4Cl at 1 mM MgCl2). The number of compacted particles correlates with the irreversible loss of biological activity, the ability of 30 S subunits to bind specific tRNA.

[Thermodynamic instability of cholesterol-containing vesicles]. / Termodinamicheskaia neravnovesnost' vezikul, soderzhashchikh kholesterin.

The temporal behavior of aqueous dispersion of the phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol vesicles was studied by photon correlation spectroscopy. The analysis of scattered light spectra by the regularisation method permits one to determine the distribution of vesicles over their dimensions. It was found that the system of the phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol vesicles is thermodynamically instable; this system segregates with time into two fractions of large and small particles. The possible causes of this phenomenon are discussed.

[Measurement of dimensional distribution of plasma lipoproteins in human blood]. / Izmerenie raspredeleniia po razmeram lipoproteidov plazmy krovi cheloveka.

Possible application of optical mixing method to the investigations of distribution of lipoprotein (LP) particles according to their dimensions is shown. Sensitivity of the method for discovering changes in these distributions at the incubation of lipoprotein particles under different conditions was revealed. It has been shown in particular that when incubating low density lipoproteins (LDL) with erythrocytes the donor properties of LDL in relation to cholesterol, and when incubating high density lipoproteins (HDL) with these cells a more complicated picture is observed. HDL isolated from hypercholesterolemic plasma show the donor properties, and those isolated from the plasma with normal cholesterol level--the acceptor ones. In both cases a high level of aggregatability for total HDL fraction is observed.

[Correlation between the biological activity of 30S subunits of Escherichia coli ribosomes and their conformational changes revealed by mixing optical spectroscopy]. / Korreliatsiia mezhdu konformatsionnym izmenenniem, nabliudaemym metodom spektroskopii opticheskogo smesheniia, i biologicheskoi aktivnost'iu 30S subchastits ribosom Escherichia coli.

The analysis of light spectra scattered from solution of 30S subunits were performed by the method of regularization of inverse spectral problem. The subunits observed at ionic conditions which preserved their biological activity (200 mM NH4Cl at 1 mM MgCl2) revealed a monodisperse pattern of scattering with diffusion constant D = (1,83 +/- 0.10) . 10(-7) cm2/sec. The polydispersity and compactization of 30S subunits was observed in inactivating ionic conditions (30 mM NH4Cl at 1 mM MgCl2). The number of compactized particles correlates with the irreversible loss of biological activity, the capability of 30S subunits to bind specific tRNA.