Reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-SP) in school-age children.

BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders in schoolchildren are a common problem worldwide, and when are not adequately diagnosed and treated, their negative impact on daytime functioning may be significant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). METHODS: Participants were 286 school-aged children from a community-based sample, aged 4 to 7 years. The sleep behaviour was evaluated using the CSHQ and actigraphy (ActiSleep monitor). The CSHQ was adapted to the Spanish language. The internal consistency of the questionnaire and the test-retest reliability between scores at baseline and three-weeks-later were estimated. Associations between CSHQ items and accelerometer sleep quality indicators were used as indicators of concurrent validity. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.60 to 0.81, and 0.81 for the full scale; the intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.56 to 0.81. A moderate correlation was observed in sleep latency and awakenings measurements using both parents' reported sleep habits (CSHQ-SP) and sleep quality indicators (ActiSleep). CONCLUSIONS: The CSHQ-SP has demonstrated adequate psychometric properties, and it serves as a useful instrument for clinical and research setting.

Sedentary behaviour patterns and arterial stiffness in a Spanish adult population - The EVIDENT trial.

OBJECTIVE: Arterial stiffness is a contributor to the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between sedentary behaviour and arterial stiffness in a Spanish adult population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1365 subjects belonging to the EVIDENT project. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured objectively over 7 days using ActiGraph accelerometers. Thresholds of 10 consecutive minutes were used to estimate the daily sedentary time in bouts ≥10 min. Each interruption in sedentary time (counts/min ≥100) was considered a break. Arterial stiffness was evaluated using the B-pro device through the following indicators: radial Augmentation Index (rAIx), Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index (AASI), and central and peripheral pulse pressure (PP). RESULTS: We found a positive relationship between central and peripheral pulse pressure (office, 24 h, awake and sleep PP) and total sedentary time. These arterial stiffness parameters were also associated with sedentary time in bouts ≥10 min. Significance disappeared in both cases, however, after adjusting for MVPA and breaks per sedentary hour. Adults who reported fewer breaks per sedentary hour (25th percentile < 2 n/day) had higher levels of AASI, awake and sleep PP. CONCLUSIONS: In a medium-sized sample of adult attenders of community clinics our data showed that it seems to be important to avoid prolonged uninterrupted periods of sedentary time.

Prehipertensión arterial en adultos jóvenes / Arterial pre-hypertension in young adults

Antecedentes y objetivos. La prehipertensión es una nueva categoría de presión arterial, y se considera un factor de riesgo vascular. Hemos estimado la prevalencia de prehipertensión y la asociación entre esta condición y otros factores de riesgo vascular en adultos jóvenes. Sujetos y métodos. Invitamos a participar a los universitarios del primer curso de todas las titulaciones que se imparten en el Campus Universitario de Cuenca. Se consideró prehipertensión a una presión arterial sistólica de 120-139mmHg y/o presión arterial diastólica de 80-89mmHg. Se midieron las variables antropométricas, lipídicas y metabólicas. Se valoró la presencia del síndrome metabólico, y se cuantificó en función de la suma de las puntuaciones estandarizadas del perímetro de cintura, la razón triglicéridos/c-HDL, presión arterial media y R-HOMA (índice de resistencia a la acción hipoglucemiante de la insulina). Resultados. Se incluyeron en el análisis 545 universitarios (edad media [±DE] 20,4±3,9 años; 74,7% mujeres). La prevalencia global de prehipertensión fue del 24% (IC del 95%: 21-27%), (varones: 56,5%; mujeres: 13,0%). La condición de prehipertensión se asoció de forma directa al índice de masa corporal (OR: 1,194; IC del 95%: 1,124-1,311), resistencia al efecto hipoglucemiante de la insulina (R-HOMA, OR: 2,638; IC del 95%: 1,263-4,926) y al índice o cuantificación de la severidad del síndrome metabólico (OR: 4,868; IC del 95%: 3,846-8,328). Por el contrario, la prehipertensión se asoció de forma inversa con la concentración de c-HDL (OR: 0,981; IC del 95%: 0,957-0,993). Conclusiones. Uno de cada 4 adultos jóvenes presenta prehipertensión. Esta condición se asocia a los factores de riesgo vasculares bien establecidos(AU)

Background and objectives. Prehypertension is a new category of blood pressure and is considered a cardiovascular risk factor. This study has aimed to estimate the prevalence of prehypertension and the association between prehypertension and other vascular risk factors in young adults. Material and methods. First year university students from all areas of study in the University of Cuenca were invited to participate. Prehypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure between 120-139mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure between 80-89mmHg. Anthropometric, lipid and metabolic variables were measures. The presence of metabolic syndrome was evaluated and quantified based on the sum of the standardized scores of the waist circumference, the triglyceride/c-HDL ratio, mean blood pressure and R-HOMA (Index of insulin resistance to glucose lowering effect). Results. A total of 545 university students were included in the analysis (mean age 20.36±3.9 years, 74.7% women). Prehypertension prevalence was 24% (95% CI: 21-27%), (56.5% in men and 13% in women). The condition of prehypertension was directly associated to the body mass index (OR:1.194; 95% CI:1.124-1.311), insulin resistance (R-HOMA, OR:2.638; 95% CI:1.263-4.926) and to the index or quantification of the severity of the metabolic syndrome (OR:4-868; 95% CI:3-846-8-328). On the other hand, HDL-c showed an inverse relationship with prehypertension (OR:0.981; 95% CI:0.957-0.993). Conclusions. One out of every four young adults presents prehypertension. This condition is associated to well-established vascular risk factors(AU)

[Arterial pre-hypertension in young adults]. / Prehipertensión arterial en adultos jóvenes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prehypertension is a new category of blood pressure and is considered a cardiovascular risk factor. This study has aimed to estimate the prevalence of prehypertension and the association between prehypertension and other vascular risk factors in young adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: First year university students from all areas of study in the University of Cuenca were invited to participate. Prehypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure between 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure between 80-89 mmHg. Anthropometric, lipid and metabolic variables were measures. The presence of metabolic syndrome was evaluated and quantified based on the sum of the standardized scores of the waist circumference, the triglyceride/c-HDL ratio, mean blood pressure and R-HOMA (Index of insulin resistance to glucose lowering effect). RESULTS: A total of 545 university students were included in the analysis (mean age 20.36±3.9 years, 74.7% women). Prehypertension prevalence was 24% (95% CI: 21-27%), (56.5% in men and 13% in women). The condition of prehypertension was directly associated to the body mass index (OR: 1.194; 95% CI: 1.124-1.311), insulin resistance (R-HOMA, OR: 2.638; 95% CI: 1.263-4.926) and to the index or quantification of the severity of the metabolic syndrome (OR: 4-868; 95% CI: 3-846-8-328). On the other hand, HDL-c showed an inverse relationship with prehypertension (OR: 0.981; 95% CI: 0.957-0.993). CONCLUSIONS: One out of every four young adults presents prehypertension. This condition is associated to well-established vascular risk factors.

Physical activity and quality of life in schoolchildren aged 11-13 years of Cuenca, Spain.

This study examined the differences in quality of life (QoL) between active and sedentary schoolchildren and analyzed these differences by gender and weight status. A total of 1409 children, aged 11-13 years, from 20 schools located in 20 municipalities of the province of Cuenca were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study; 1073 children agreed (76.15% response rate), of which 536 (49.9%) were boys. QoL was measured with Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition (CHIP-CE), an instrument measuring children's perception of their own health using a Likert-type scale with five dimensions: satisfaction, comfort, resilience, risk avoidance, and achievement. Multivariate analysis of variance using the scores of the different CHIP-CE dimensions as dependent variables, physical activity, gender, and body mass index (BMI) category as fixed factors, and age as co-variate showed the following: (1) the scores of active children were significantly better than the scores of sedentary children for every dimension except risk avoidance; (2) there were no significant differences in QoL by BMI category; and (3) girls had better mean scores than boys for resilience, risk avoidance, and achievement, and worse scores for comfort. These results suggest that active children have a better QoL and that gender differences favoring boys diminish or even reverse to favor active girls.