Sodium alendronate is an effective adjunctive therapy for treating periodontitis in male rats treated with anticancer chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVES: To assess sodium alendronate as a local adjunctive therapy for treating experimental periodontitis in male rats treated with chemotherapy. DESIGN: One-hundred-eighty male rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 90) based on the systemic treatments: PSS, physiological saline solution; and 5-Fluorouracil, and then, subdivided into three subgroups (n = 30): NT, no treatment; scaling and root planing; and sodium alendronate. Treatments were performed 7 days after induction of experimental periodontitis. Specimens were collected at 14, 22, and 37 days after induction. Alveolar bone level, percentage of bone in the furcation, percentage of non-vital bone in the furcation, histopathologic features, and immunolabeling pattern for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and osteocalcin (OCN) were evaluated. RESULTS: The lowest amount of alveolar bone and highest amount of non-vital bone was found in group 5-Fluorouracil when no treatment was performed. In animals receiving 5-Flurouracil and subjected to periodontal treatment, adjunctive sodium alendronate resulted in higher percentage of bone in the furcation and higher alveolar bone loss, when compared with scaling and root planing alone. Better structural and cellularity patterns were found in the periodontal tissues when sodium alendronate was used, regardless of systemic treatment. Higher TRAP-expression was found when no treatment was performed. Sodium alendronate didn't affect the immunolabeling pattern of osteocalcin in the presence of 5-Fluorouracil. CONCLUSION: Adjunctive therapy with local sodium alendronate prevented alveolar bone loss and improved the histopathological features of the periodontal tissues following scaling and root planing in male rats with experimental periodontitis receiving anticancer chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil.

Avaliação do comportamento das fibras colágenas periodontais durante a progressão da periodontite experimental em ratos / Evaluation of the behaviour of periodontal collagen fibers during the progression of experimental periodontitis in rats

Introdução: A periodontite é uma doença infecto-inflamatória, resultante da disbiose microbiana e da resposta do hospedeiro, que leva à destruição dos tecidos de suporte dentário, inclusive das fibras colágenas periodontais, podendo culminar na perda do elemento dental. Objetivo: Avaliar o comportamento das fibras colágenas periodontais durante a progressão da periodontite experimental induzida em ratos. Material e método: Doze ratos Wistar foram distribuídos nos grupos: Controle (C), Periodontite Experimental 14-dias (PE-14d), Periodontite Experimental 21-dias (PE-21d) e Periodontite Experimental 42-dias (PE-42d). No dia 0, os animais do grupo C foram eutanasiados. Neste mesmo dia, os animais remanescentes foram submetidos à instalação de uma ligadura de algodão ao redor do primeiro molar inferior esquerdo para indução da periodontite experimental. Tais animais foram eutanasiados aos 14 (PE-14d), 21 (PE-21d) e 42 (PE-42d) dias após a instalação da ligadura. Executou-se o processamento histológico das hemimandíbulas e as secções foram submetidas à reação histoquímica pelo vermelho picro-sirius. A análise qualitativa descritiva foi realizada sob microscopia de luz polarizada, na região de furca dental, evidenciando as fibras do ligamento periodontal. Resultado: O grupo C exibiu feixes espessos e orientados de fibras colágenas maduras, condizentes com aspecto de normalidade. Os grupos com periodontite experimental exibiram desestruturação tecidual severa, com fibras colágenas imaturas e de menor espessura, sendo tais condições mais exacerbadas nos grupos PE-14d e PE-21d. Conclusão: As fases iniciais da periodontite apresentam caráter agudo e, portanto, resultam na rápida destruição dos tecidos periodontais de suporte, prejudicando potencialmente a fibrilogênese e a reestruturação do colágeno no ligamento periodontal.

Introduction: Periodontitis is an infectious-inflammatory disease resulting from microbial dysbiosis and host response that leads to the destruction of tooth support tissues, including periodontal collagen fibers, which may culminate in tooth loss. Objective: To evaluate the behavior of periodontal collagen fibers during the progression of induced experimental periodontitis in rats. Material and method: Twelve Wistar rats were distributed into groups: Control (C), 14-days Experimental Periodontitis (PE-14d), 21-days Experimental Periodontitis (PE-21d) and 42-days Experimental Periodontitis (PE-42d). At day 0, the animals of group C were euthanized. At the same day, the remaining animals were submitted to the installation of a cotton ligature around the lower left first molar for the induction of experimental periodontitis. The animals were euthanized at 14 (PE-14d), 21 (PE-21d) and 42 (PE-42d) days after the installation of ligature. Histological processing of the hemi-mandibles was performed and the sections underwent histochemical reaction using picro-sirius red. The descriptive qualitative analysis was performed under polarized light microscopy, in the dental furcation region, evidencing the fibers of the periodontal ligament. Result: Group C exhibited thick and oriented bundles of mature collagen fibers, consistent with a normal appearance. The groups with experimental periodontitis exhibited severe tissue disruption, with immature and thinner collagen fibers, with such conditions being more exacerbated in the PE-14d and PE-21d groups. Conclusion: The early stages of periodontitis present acute response, and therefore result in rapid destruction of periodontal support tissues and potentially impair fibrillogenesis and collagen restructuring in the periodontal ligament.

Influence of the treatment with the antineoplastic agents 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin on the severity of experimental periodontitis in rats.

PURPOSE: The determination on how antineoplastic agents interfere on the progression of periodontitis is critical for improvement and even development of novel therapeutic approaches for periodontal management. This study evaluated the influence of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or cisplatin (CIS) on healthy periodontal tissues and on the progression of experimental periodontitis (EP). METHODS: One hundred forty-four male rats were divided into six groups (n = 24). Each group was treated with physiological saline solution (PSS) 0.9%, 5-FU, or CIS. Experimental periodontitis (EP) was induced by ligature placement. Animals were euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days after treatment. Data were statistically analyzed (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: The groups with EP and treated with 5-FU or CIS showed lower percentage of bone volume in the furcation region and higher percentage of alveolar bone loss, higher number of TRAP-positive cells, and lower number of PCNA-positive cells when compared group with EP and treated with PSS (p ≤ 0.05). Groups with EP and treated with 5-FU or CIS showed high immunolabelling pattern of RANKL, TNF-α, and IL-1ß, moderate of BAX, and low of HIF-1α. Histological analysis showed severe tissue breakdown in the groups with EP and treated with 5-FU or CIS. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy with antineoplastic agents 5-FU and CIS increased the intensity and duration of the inflammation and compromised tissue repair by reduction in cellular and vascular turnover. The more severe periodontal breakdown was caused by 5-FU.

Platelet-rich fibrin for wound healing of palatal donor sites of free gingival grafts: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been referred to as a second-generation platelet concentrate, associated with improvements on the healing of palatal wounds followed by FGG harvesting. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the complete wound epithelialization and postoperative pain when PRF was used in palatal wounds following free gingival graft (FGG) harvesting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PubMed (Medline), EMBASE and Scopus were searched by two independent individuals up to and including March 2020 in order to identify controlled and randomized controlled clinical trials on the use of PRF at palatal donor sites of FGG. The outcomes assessed were epithelialization and postoperative pain. The risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated using Cochrane Collaboration's domain-based two-part tool. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The search strategy identified 555 potentially eligible articles, of which 6 randomized controlled clinical trials were included. In the qualitative analysis, most studies (83.3%) reported lower postoperative pain in treatment groups, while all studies accessing epithelialization demonstrated earlier complete wound closure in groups treated with PRF. The discomfort and complete re-epithelialization were more favorable in groups PRF when compared to control groups (P<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that the use of PRF for wound healing of palatal donor sites of FGG may decrease postoperative pain and induce earlier complete wound epithelialization. Key words:Wound healing, oral surgery procedures, pain, postoperative.

Chronic consumption of alcohol increases alveolar bone loss.

This study evaluated the effects of the chronic consumption of different concentrations of alcohol on the experimental periodontitis (EP). 160 rats were divided into 4 groups: (EP-NT) rats with EP and no alcohol exposure; (EP-A14) rats with EP exposed to 14% alcohol; (EP-A25) rats with EP exposed to 25% alcohol; (EP-A36) rats with EP exposed to 36% alcohol. The animals from the EP-A14, EP-A25 and EP-A36 groups were subjected to different concentrations of alcohol 30 days before EP induction. The histological characteristics, percentage of bone in the furcation (PBF) and bone metabolism in the furcation region were evaluated. The PBF and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) data were subjected to statistical analysis. The EP-A14, EP-A25 and EP-A36 groups had lower PBFs compared with the EP-NT group. A more severe inflammatory process and a greater number of TRAP+ cells were also observed. In the EP-A14, EP-A25 and EP-A36 groups, the inflammatory process became more severe as the ingested alcoholic concentration increased. An increase in RANKL immunolabeling and a significantly higher number of TRAP+ cells were also observed. We conclude that chronic alcohol consumption increases the severity of experimental periodontitis in a dose-dependent manner by increasing the magnitude of local inflammatory responses and stimulating alveolar bone resorption.

Influence of adjuvant therapy with green tea extract in the treatment of experimental periodontitis.

AIM: This study evaluated the effects of topical green tea extract solution (GTE) as adjuvant therapy to mechanical debridement for the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used 120 male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus - Wistar), divided into the following four groups: NEP (sham) (n = 30): no experimental periodontitis (NEP), only simulation of EP by installation and removal of a ligature; EP (n = 30): EP induction by ligature; SRP (n = 30): EP, scaling and root planing (SRP), and irrigation with physiological saline solution; SRP/GT (n = 30): EP, SRP, and irrigation with GTE. Histologic analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed for detection of interleukin (IL)1ß, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, and anti-tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in the furcation area. The percentage of bone in the furcation (PBF) was considered the primary variable and evaluated at 14, 22, and 37 days. The data from the histological analysis and the IL- 1B, TNF- A, and IL-10 were submitted to a Kruskal-Wallis variance test and Dunn's posttest (p ≤ 0.05). The histometric data and TRAP were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's posttest (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: The SRP/GT group showed lower inflammatory process, lower immunolabeling pattern of IL-1ß and TNF-α, and greater immunolabeling pattern of IL-10 compared with the EP and SRP groups at 22 days. Fewer TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts were observed in all periods in the SRP/GT group (5.22 ± 0.65; 7.33 ± 0.80; 8.55 ± 1.15) compared with the SRP group (30.67 ± 8.55; 13.22 ± 0.77; 13.87 ± 0.77). Higher PBF was observed in all periods in the SRP/GT group (74.65 ± 7.14; 76.61 ± 5.36; 79.24 ± 3.75) compared with the SRP group (61.60 ± 9.48; 54.84 ± 9.06; 53.25 ± 9.66). CONCLUSION: GTE adjuvant to SRP reduced inflammation, osteoclastic activity, and alveolar bone loss in EP.

Cisplatin chemotherapy impairs the peri-implant bone repair around titanium implants: An in vivo study in rats.

AIM: The purpose of this study in animals was to evaluate the peri-implant bone repair against systemic administration of the antineoplastic agent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used 84 male rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus, Wistar), divided into two groups: cisplatin (CIS) and saline solution (SS). The titanium implants were inserted into the right tibia at day 0 in all animals from both groups. Group SS received SS intraperitoneally at 15 and 17 days postoperatively. Group CIS received 5 and 2.5 mg/kg of CIS intraperitoneally at 15 and 17 days postoperatively, respectively. Euthanasia was performed at 22, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. Twenty-four undecalcified specimens were prepared for histometric analysis of bone/implant contact (BIC). Sixty specimens were selected to bone area (BA) measurement, histological analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of RUNX-2, osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). BIC and BA were considered to be the primary outcome parameters. RESULTS: Group CIS showed lower BIC (11.87 ± 0.97 mm; 19.19 ± 0.8 mm; 17.69 ± 1.05 mm; p ≤ .05) and BA (3.68 ± 1.29 mm2 ; 3.05 ± 0.88 mm2 ; 3.23 ± 0.67 mm2 ; p ≤ .05), as well as decreased number of RUNX-2 (102.8 ± 27.35 cells/mm2 ; 100.04 ± 8.61 cells/mm2 ; 118.82 ± 21.38 cells/mm2 ; p ≤ .05)- and OCN-positive cells (120 ± 24.5 cells/mm2 ; 102 ± 27.73 cells/mm2 ; 100 ± 14.23 cells/mm2 ; p ≤ .05) at 22, 30 and 60 days, respectively. The animals in group CIS also showed increased number of TRAP-positive cells (86.8 ± 6.37 cells/mm2 ; 71.5 ± 4.72 cells/mm2 ; 92.8 ± 9.52 cells/mm2 ; p ≤ .05) and a persistent and exacerbated inflammatory response in all experimental periods. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that the chemotherapeutic CIS negatively affects the bone repair at peri-implant areas, jeopardizing the osseointegration of titanium implants.

pH influences the biocompatibility of methylene blue solutions.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the biocompatibility of methylene blue at different pH levels through the method of implantation in subcutaneous tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-four sterilized polyethylene tubes were allocated in the subcutaneous tissue of 28 rats, each one receiving four tubes, set into four groups: group tube (G-T)-empty tube, fibrin group (G-F)-tube filled with fibrin sponge, group methylene blue pH 7 (G-MB/pH 7)-tube filled with fibrin sponge soaked by methylene blue (100 µg/ml) at pH 7.0, and group methylene blue pH 1 (G-MB/pH 1)-tube filled with fibrin sponge and soaked by methylene blue (100 µg/ml) at pH 1.0. After 7, 15, and 30 days, seven animals from each group were euthanized, and the tubes involved by the surrounding tissue were removed and fixed with 4% buffered formaldehyde solution. The collected pieces were processed and histological sections (4 µm) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and analyzed by light microscopy. Scores were assigned to analysis of histopathologic parameters. The results were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: At 7 and 30 days, the G-MB/pH 1 group showed no significant difference in the G-T control group, while G-MB/pH 7 had a significant increase on tissue reaction, also when compared to G-T. At 15 days, there was no statistical difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, it is concluded that methylene blue at pH 1.0 provides better biocompatibility than at pH 7.0.

Low-level laser and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on experimental periodontitis in rats submitted to chemotherapy by 5-fluorouracil.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as adjuvant to mechanical treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in adult rats submitted to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. METHODS: EP was induced through ligature around the left mandibular first molar for 7 days. The ligature was removed and the animals separated into groups: EP, no treatment; 5FU, systemic administration of 5-FU (80 and 40 mg/kg); 5FU/scaling and root planing (SRP), systemic application of 5-FU and SRP; 5FU/SRP/LLLT, systemic application of 5-FU, SRP, and LLLT (660 nm, 0.035 W; 29.4 J/cm2); and 5FU/SRP/aPDT, systemic application of 5-FU, SRP, and aPDT (methylene blue irrigation and LLLT). The animals were euthanized 7, 15, and 30 days after treatments. Histological sections from mandibles were processed for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis (TRAP, RANKL, OPG, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10). The alveolar bone loss (BL) area in the furcation region of the mandibular first molar was analyzed histometrically. RESULTS: There was less bone loss in 5FU/SRP/aPDT compared with 5FU at 7 days (p < 0.05). The immunohistochemical analysis showed no significant difference for TRAP and osteoprotegerin, but lower RANKL immunolabeling was observed in the 5FU/SRP/LLLT and 5FU/SRP/aPDT groups compared with the 5FU group at 15 days. There was lower TNF-α and IL-6 immunolabeling in the 5FU/SRP/LLLT and 5FU/SRP/aPDT groups and higher IL-10 immunolabeling in 5FU/SRP/aPDT at 30 days. CONCLUSION: LLLT and aPDT adjuvant to SRP minimized the effects of 5-FU on periodontal disease. Furthermore, aPDT promoted greater benefits in bone loss control and inflammatory response.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy minimizes the deleterious effect of nicotine in female rats with induced periodontitis.

The aim of this study was to compare the use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of experimentally induced periodontitis in female rats that were systemically treated with or without nicotine. Female rats (n = 180) were divided into two groups: vehicle administration (Veh) and nicotine administration (Nic). Mini-pumps containing either vehicle or nicotine were implanted in the rats 30 days before the induction of experimental periodontitis (EP). EP was induced by placing a cotton ligature around the left mandibular first molar. After 7 days, the ligature was removed, and the rats were randomly divided into three treatment subgroups: SRP (only SRP), DL (SRP plus diode laser), and aPDT (SRP plus aPDT). The aPDT consisted of phenothiazine photosensitizer deposition followed by diode laser irradiation. Ten rats from each subgroup were euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days after treatment. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) in the furcation region was evaluated using histological, histometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. The rats that were treated with nicotine showed more ABL compared to those treated with vehicle. In both the Veh and Nic groups, SRP plus aPDT treatment resulted in reduced ABL, smaller numbers of both TRAP- and RANKL-positive cells, and higher numbers of PCNA-positive cells compared to SRP treatment alone. aPDT was an effective adjunctive therapy for the treatment of periodontitis in female rats regardless of whether they received nicotine.

Adjuvant Therapy With Sodium Alendronate for the Treatment of Experimental Periodontitis in Rats.

BACKGROUND: This study assesses the effects of topical sodium alendronate (SA) as an adjuvant to the mechanical treatment of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. METHODS: Ninety animals were subjected to the induction of periodontitis via the installation of a ligature around the mandibular left first molar. After 7 days, the ligature was removed, and the animals were distributed into the following groups: 1) NT group (n = 30), no treatment; 2) SRP group (n = 30), scaling and root planing (SRP) and local irrigation with physiologic saline solution; and 3) SRP/SA group (n = 30), SRP and local irrigation with SA (10(-5) M). Ten animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days after treatment. Histologic and histometric analyses were performed in the furcation region. The percentage of bone in the furcation (PBF) was measured. Immunohistochemical analyses for detecting the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and activated caspase-3 were performed at the furcation region. RESULTS: Compared with the other groups, the SRP/SA group showed less local inflammation and better tissue reparation during the entire experiment. There was more PBF in the SRP/SA group than in the other groups at days 7 and 15. Stronger OPG immunolabeling and weaker RANKL immunolabeling were observed in the SRP/SA group at 15 and 30 days. There were fewer TRAP-positive cells in the SRP/SA group than in the NT group at all of the time points. There was no difference in the number of activated caspase-3-positive osteocytes among groups and time points. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that topical use of SA as an adjuvant to SRP is effective in the treatment of experimental periodontitis.

Evaluation of the progression and treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats subjected to chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the progression and treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred fifty rats were divided into groups: C--control, EP--EP induction, EP/scaling and root planing (SRP)--EP induction and SRP, 5-FU--systemic treatment with 5-FU, 5-FU/EP--systemic treatment with 5-FU and EP induction, and 5-FU/EP/SRP--systemic treatment with 5-FU, EP induction and SRP. Systemic treatment consisted of the administration of 80 and 40 mg/kg of 5-FU. The animals were euthanised at 7, 15 and 30 days. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses for the detection of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were performed at the furcation region. A histometric analysis was performed to evaluate the percentage of bone in the furcation region (PBF). RESULTS: In the 5-FU/EP and 5-FU/EP/SRP groups, there was less PBF, greater breakdown of periodontal tissues and increased immunostaining for RANKL compared with the EP and EP/SRP groups. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that 5-FU aggravates PE progression, impairs the host response to SRP mechanical therapy and does not seem to cause changes in the healthy periodontium.

Effectiveness of the diode laser in the treatment of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats: a histopathological, histometric, and immunohistochemical study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the use of a high-power gallium-aluminum-arsenide diode laser (GaAlAs; 808 nm, 1 W, 20 s, 20 Hz, 10 J) alone or as adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing in the treatment of induced periodontitis in rats. Periodontitis was induced by placing a ligature around the mandibular first molar of 60 rats. After 7 days, the ligature was removed and the animals were divided into four groups as follows: C (control), no periodontal treatment; SRP, scaling and root planing (SRP); DL, diode laser (DL) irradiation treatment; and SRP/DL, both SRP and DL irradiation treatment. Five animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days posttreatment. The effectiveness of the treatments was evaluated in the furcation area using histopathological analysis, histometric analysis of alveolar bone loss (ABL), and immunohistochemical detection of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and osteocalcin (OCN). DL, alone or in combination with adjunctive therapy to SRP in the treatment of experimental periodontitis, resulted in a decreased local inflammatory response. At 7-days posttreatment, the DL and SRP/DL groups had fewer TRAP-positive cells and more RUNX2-positive cells. There was greater OCN immunolabeling in the DL group than in the C and SRP groups at 15 days. There was less ABL in the DL and SRP/DL groups at 15 and 30 days. In conclusion, DL was effective in the treatment of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats, both when used alone and when used as adjunctive therapy to SRP.

Effect of LLLT on autogenous bone grafts in the repair of critical size defects in the calvaria of immunosuppressed rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the bone repair of critical size defects (CSDs) filled with autogenous bone in the calvaria of immunosuppressed rats. A 5 mm-diameter CSD was created in the calvaria of 30 rats. The animals were divided into 5 groups (n = 6): Control (C)--the defect was filled with a blood clot; Dexamethasone (D)--dexamethasone treatment, and the defect was filled with a blood clot; Autogenous bone (AB)--dexamethasone treatment, and the defect was filled with autogenous bone; LLLT--dexamethasone treatment, and the defect received LLLT (660 nm; 35 mW; 24.7 J/cm(2)); and AB + LLLT--dexamethasone treatment, and the defect was filled with autogenous bone and received LLLT. All animals were euthanized at 30 postoperative days. Histometric and histological analyses were performed. The new bone area (NBA) was calculated as the percentage of the total area of the original defect. Data were analysed statistically (an analysis of variance and Tukey's test; P < 0.05). The AB + LLLT group showed the largest NBA of all groups (P < 0.05). The use of LLLT with AB effectively stimulated bone formation in CSDs in the calvaria of immunosuppressed rats.

Oral Focal Mucinosis: Clinical Case Presentation With a Focus on Esthetic and Functional Surgical Resolution.

INTRODUCTION: When planning excisional surgery, alterations in the oral mucosa, particularly in esthetically important areas, represent a challenge. For cases involving an exophytic lesion with a vegetative tumoral aspect, a clinician may prioritize obtaining a definitive diagnosis by histopathologic and histochemical examinations over the preservation of esthetics or maintenance of the involved tooth. CASE PRESENTATION: A painless, hard lesion with normal coloration was present in the maxillary left central incisor of a patient for at least 6 years. A biopsy was performed to preserve oral mucosa and a treatment plan was established that included endodontic retreatment and prosthetic restoration. The histopathologic diagnosis was oral focal mucinosis, an uncommon and poorly characterized type of lesion. CONCLUSION: A conservative biopsy of the lesion facilitated an accurate diagnosis, promoted the patient's comfort, and achieved satisfactory esthetic results.

Abordagens periodontais na promoção da harmonia do sorriso / Periodontal approaches in promotion of harmony smile

Várias abordagens terapêuticas têm sido propostas com o objetivo de alcançar uma estética favorável e harmônica do sorriso. O presente estudo relata um caso clínico em que foi realizada gengivoplastia na região dos dentes anteriores superiores associada à osteotomia na região dos dentes posteriores superiores e remoção do freio labial superior, para promoção da harmonia do sorriso, por meio da diminuição do sorriso gengival e adequação do corredor bucal. Os procedimentos de osteoplastia, gengivoplastia e frenectomia foram planejados e realizados em uma única sessão. Também foi realizada a remoção cirúrgica do freio labial superior que se apresentava fibroso e com baixa inserção, e dos terceiros molares superiores direito e esquerdo, que se apresentavam semi-inclusos, para evitar complicações pós-operatórias. Consultas de acompanhamento foram realizadas aos sete, 15, 30 e 180 dias do pós- operatório. Aos sete dias, o tecido gengival encontrava-se em processo inicial de cicatrização. Aos 15 dias, o tecido gengival encontrava-se nos períodos finais da cicatrização, já apresentando as características normais. Aos 30 dias, foi observada completa cicatrização dos tecidos gengivais, sem exposição clínica das superfícies radiculares. Após 180 dias, os tecidos permaneceram saudáveis, demonstrando o sucesso do tratamento realizado. A paciente demonstrou completa satisfação com os resultados obtidos. Pôde-se concluir que, quando bem indicadas, a gengivoplastia e a osteotomia são abordagens terapêuticas promissoras para promoção da harmonia do sorriso.

Several therapeutic approaches have been proposed in order to achieve an esthetically pleasing and harmony smile. The present study reports a case in which gingivectomy was performed in the region of the upper anterior teeth combined with osteotomy in the region of the upper posterior teeth and removal of the superior labial frenum to promote harmony smile by decreasing the gummy smile and adequacy of buccal corridor. Osteoplasty gingivoplasty, and frenectomy procedures were planned and performed in a single session. The extraction of the maxillary third molars was also performed in order to avoid postoperative complications. Follow-up visits were performed at 7, 15, 30 and 180 days postoperatively. At 7 days, the gingival tissue was in the initial process of healing, demonstrating inflammation still in evidence. At 15 days, the gingival tissue was found in the final healing process, showing characteristics of normal health gum. At 30 days, there was complete healing of gingival tissues without clinical exposure of the root surfaces. After 180 days, tissues remained in healthy, demonstrating the success of the treatment. Patient showed complete satisfaction with the results. It can be concluded that, when properly indicated, the combination of gingivectomy, osteotomy and frenectomy procedures are promising therapeutic approaches for promoting harmony smile.

Influência do 5-fluorouracil nos tecidos periodontais normais e sobre a evolução da doença periodontal experimental induzida / Influence of 5-Fluorouracil in the normal periodontal tissues and in the evolution of experimentally induced periodontitis

O presente estudo avaliou por meio de análise histomorfometrica, imunoistoquimica e da Fosfatase Alcalina (FA) os efeitos do quimioterápico 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), nos tecidos periodontais normais, na evolução da periodontite experimental (PE) e no tratamento periodontal mecânico de Raspagem e Alisamento Radicular (RAR). Foram tratados 150 ratos, dos quais 92 foram utilizados e divididos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: Grupo C (n=24) - animais não tratados com 5-FU, sem PE, área contralateral dos Grupos PE e PE + RAR que foram utilizadas como controle negativo. Grupo PE (n=16) – animais portadores da PE. Grupo PE + RAR (n=18) – animais portadores da PE e tratados localmente pela técnica da RAR. Grupo 5-FU (n=24) - animais tratados sistemicamente com 5-FU. Grupo 5-FU + PE (n=16) - animais tratados sistemicamente com 5-FU, com indução PE. Grupo 5-FU + PE + RAR (n=18) - animais tratados sistemicamente com 5-FU, portadores da PE e tratados localmente com RAR. A PE foi induzida pela adaptação de um fio de algodão ao redor do primeiro molar inferior esquerdo. Nos animais dos grupo 5-FU, 5-FU + PE e 5-FU + PE + RAR o 5-FU foi administrado no momento da indução da PE e após 48 horas. Após 7 dias da evolução da PE, nos animais dos grupos PE, PE + RAR, 5-FU + PE e 5-FU + PE + RAR a ligadura foi removida e os grupos PE + RAR e 5-FU + PE + RAR foram tratados localmente com RAR. Os animais foram eutanasiados aos 7, 15 e 30 dias após a remoção da ligadura. Foram obtidos cortes seriados de 4 μm de espessura no sentido mésio-distal e corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina ou Tricrômico de Masson. A porcentagem de osso na furca (POF) foi avaliada por análises histomorfométrica e foram realizadas a análise dos padrões de imunomarcação para RANKL, OPG e TRAP. Para análise hematológica, foram obtidas amostras sanguíneas antes do início dos protocolos de tratamento, após 7 dias e nos períodos de eutanásia. Foram avaliados os Leucócitos Totais (LT)...

The present study evaluated by histomorphometric, immunohistochemistry and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) analysis the effects of the chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), in the normal periodontal tissues, in the evolution of experimental periodontitis (EP) and in the mechanical periodontal treatment Scaling and Root Planing (SRP). 150 rats were treated, of which 92 were used and randomly divided into 6 groups of the following treatments: Group C (n = 24) - animals not treated with 5-FU without PE, contralateral area of groups EP and EP + SRP that were used as negative control. EP group (n = 16) - animals with EP. Group EP + SRP (n = 18) - animals with EP and treated locally by SRP. Group 5-FU (n = 24) - animals treated systemically with 5-FU. Group 5-FU + EP (n = 16) - animals treated systemically with 5-FU and with EP induction. Group 5-FU + EP + SRP (n = 18) - animals treated systemically with 5-FU, with EP and treated locally with SRP. The EP was induced by placing a cotton thread around the left mandibular first molar. In the animals of the groups 5-FU, 5-FU + EP and 5-FU + EP + SRP, 5-FU was administered at the time of induction of EP, and after 48 hours. After 7 days of evolution of EP, the animals of groups EP, EP + SRP, 5-FU + EP and 5-FU + EP + SRP, the ligature was removed and the groups PE + SRP and 5-FU + EP + SRP were treated locally with SRP. The animals were sacrificed at 7, 15 and 30 days after removal of the bandage. Were obtained from serial sections of 4 mm thick in the mesio-distal and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin or Masson’s Trichrome. The Percentage of Bone in the Furcation (PBF) was evaluated by histomorphometric analysis were performed and the analysis of patterns of immunostaining for RANKL, OPG and TRAP. For hematological analysis, blood samples were obtained before the start of treatment protocols, and after 7 days and in the euthanasias. Total leukocytes were evaluated (LT), neutrophils and levels of ALP. The data were...

A importância da mucosa queratinizada na implantodontia / Importance of keratinized mucosa in implantology

A proposta da implantodontia atual é garantir que os implantes, além de osseintegrados, mantenham seu estado de plena saúde, função e estética adequada. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, a importância da mucosa queratinizada com relação à higienização, a manutenção gengival e a estética envolvendo a implantodontia, bem como avaliar algumas opções para proporcionar uma quantidade de mucosa queratinizada quando esta é insuficiente. Para a identificação dos estudos incluídos ou considerados nesta revisão, foi utilizado o banco de dados Pubmed com os descritores: implant e mouth mucosa e, seguindo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 27 artigos. De acordo com os artigos revisados considerou-se que o tecido queratinizado não influencia diretamente na sobrevida do implante; porém ele facilita a higienização, diminue a irritação dos tecidos periimplantares e favorece a estética em regiões anteriores

The purpose of current implantology is to ensure that implants maintain its state of full health, proper function and aesthetics. The aim of this paper is to discuss, through a literature review, the importance of keratinized mucosa in relation to cleaning, gingival maintenance, aesthetics involving dentistry implant and evaluating some options to provide a keratinized mucosa when it is insufficient. For the studies identification, it is included or considered in this review, Pubmed database with the following keywords: implant and mouth mucosa and, according to the criteria for inclusion and exclusion, 27 articles were selected. According to the reviewed articles, it was found that the keratinized tissue does not influence the survival of the implant, but it facilitates the cleaning, decreases the irritation of the peri-implant tissues and promotes aesthetics in anterior regions