[The isokinetic evaluation of the knee joint function following the autoplastic correction of its anterior cross-shaped ligament]. / Izokineticheskaya otsenka funktsii kolennogo sustava posle autoplastiki ego perednei krestoobraznoi svyazki.

UNLABELLED: The flexors/extensors imbalance can be a cause knee instability and therefore lead to progression of osteoarthritis. The isokinetic evaluation of the strength of flexors after the autoplastic reconstruction the anterior cross-shaped (cruciate) ligament (ACL) is of primary importance bearing in mind that certain authors have reported a persistent deficiency in flexor strength after surgery. AIM: The purpose of the present study was to objectively evaluate the isokinetic function of the knee during each treatment stage and estimate the influence of harvesting semitendinosus/gracilis tendon (SGT) on the knee flexion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the period from 2012 to 2014, a total of 44 patients (20 women and 24 men) presenting with ACL rupture were available for the examination. All the patients underwent the isokinetic evaluation of the knee function before operation, 6-8 weeks and 3-4 months after the arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with the use of the SGT graft. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group was comprised of 22 subjects who were treated in accordance with the standard protocol of therapeutic physical exercises starting from week 6 after the initiation of the physiotherapeutic rehabilitative measures. The second group consisted of 22 patients who had to perform the isokinetic training within 6-8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: The results of the study indicate that all the patients suffering injuries to the anterior cross-shaped ligaments had well apparent flexor/extensor imbalance. In those of the first group, the flexor imbalance amounted to 25-35% while the extensor imbalance was 10-15% within 3-4 months after the surgery. The second group showed a 10-15% flexor imbalance and 2-5% extensor imbalance after 3-4 months. CONCLUSION: The isokinetic testing provides a tool for the objective evaluation of the knee function. It helps to reveal the high effectiveness of isokinetic rehabilitation protocol leading to the recovery of the patients within 3-4 months after the surgery. It can be assumed based on the results of the present study that harvesting of the semitendinosus/gracilis tendon does not exert any negative influence on the knee flexion strength given the rehabilitation program includes the isotonic training protocol.

[The influence of diets on metabolic processes associated with sirtuin1].

Over the last decade the investigations of the sirtuin protein family have become one of the research priorities. It is connected with the fact that sirtuins play an important role as regulators of cell homeostasis in mammals. Sirtuins can regulate metabolism by the influence on some processes in CNS, liver, pancreas, musles, adipose tissue. It emphasizes the importance of sirtuins in the development of heart diseases, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative and some other diseases. Stress factors in particular calorie restriction alter sirtuins activity, that leads to some significant alterations of intracellular processes: activation of reparation processes, increase of DNA stability, elevation of metabolic rate and the lifespan of cells. In this review, we focus our attention on the influence of calorie restriction on metabolic alterations associated with regulatory role of sirtuin1. Sirtuin1 plays a leading role in regulation of cell homeostasis by controlling some important processes, such as gene transcription, cell differentiation, stress reaction, inflammation, apoptosis, circadian rhythms and life expectancy. We touch briefly on the connection between some alterations of diet and the development of stress reaction and inflammation. In the review the metabolic alterations in liver, pancreas, adipose tissue and central regulatory role of sirtuinl in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis connected with calorie restriction are discussed. Sirtuin1 can be a messenger of some effects of calorie restriction on organism, acting as a cell energy sensor. Thus, sirtuinl plays a central role in control and modulation of metabolic processes under alterations of diet. Having been one of the most important regulator of homeostasis, sirtuinl can be a key element of regulation. The influence on this element gives the opportunities of regulation of metabolism, calorie restriction effects and creation of new pathogenical methods of treatment.

[IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES FOR OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE AT ENTERPRISES OF BREWING INDUSTRY].

In the paper there are considered the legal basics of the occupational hygiene of brewing production: acts, bylaws and normative legal acts. There are characterized types of supervision and control (state, departmental, public) implementing the abidance of the sanitary legislation at the enterprises of the brewing industry. There are presented sanitary and hygienic requirements to the enterprises of the brewing industry. There are designated measures of occupational hygiene of brewing production: a sink, cleaning--removal of various pollutions, and also disinfection--process of the decline in quantity of microorganisms to safe level. There are considered some characteristics of pollutions which are subject to removal at various stages ofproduction of beer and stages of sanitary processing of brewing systems according to chemical properties of substances.

[Identification of the differences in the genes responsible for methionine biosynthesis in Bacillus anthracis strains and phylogeny-related species].

The comparative analysis of the gene sequences encoding the synthesis of enzymes responsible for the intermediary metabolism of methionine in Bacillus anthracis strains and in closely related bacterial species was carried out. Deletion of 42 nucleotides in the hom2 gene, which determines the homoserinedehydrogenase, is detected in all tested Bacillus anthracis strains. In the strains of other bacillar species hom2 gene mutation, which blocks up the tracts of methionine and threonine biosynthesis, was not identified. The single nucleotide polymorphism was determined in asd1, metX, and metH genes. It provides the identification of B. anthracis strains using sequencing technology.

[Immunogenicity of the recombinant Bacillus strains with cloned gene of biosynthesis of protective antigen against Bacillus anthracis].

Microbe Russian Anti-Plague Research Institute, Saratov A hybrid plasmid pUB110PA-1 demonstrating stable functioning in the cells of Bacillus strains and containing the gene of biosynthesis of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen was constructed. The recombinant strains surpassing the anthrax vaccinal cultures in the secreted synthesis of the protective antigen were obtained and their immunological efficacy was assessed. A single inoculation of Guinea pigs with the dose of 5 x 107 spores of the recombinant strains imparted efficient protection against B. anthracis challenge. Immune responses were characterized by high indices of immunity and titers of antibodies to the protective antigen. In contrast to the anthrax vaccinal preparations, the gene-engineering strains imposed no residual virulence for BALB/n mice and Guinea pigs.

[Role of the components of the S-layer in immunogenicity of Bacillus anthracis].

The immunogenicity of proteins Sap and EA1, contained in B. anthracis S-layer, was evaluated in experiments on laboratory animals. These proteins were found to produce protective effect and could be regarded as additional immunogenic factors. The use of the newly constructed isogenic pair Sap+ and Sap- of B. anthracis strains made it possible to study the influence of Sap- mutation on the immunological properties of the causative agent of anthrax.

[Original experience in plastic surgery of pelviureteral segment in hydronephrosis in children].

The study of postoperative urodynamics of the upper urinary tract was made in 339 patients with obstruction of the pyeloureteral segment and on experimental animals (morphological tests). This study revealed factors deteriorating functional capacity of anastomosis in early postoperative period. The findings allow the surgeons to update the technique of the pyeloureteral segment resection and uretero-pyeloanastomosis, to determine indications for applying nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs in the postoperative period, to reveal advantages and establish indications for drainage-free pyeloplasty. Thus, use of drainage-free modified technique of pyeloplasty in certain indications is a safe and less traumatic method of the patients' management which increases efficacy of Anderson-Hines operation.

[Possible states of the photosystem II reaction centerand thermoluminescence of higher plants. II. Application of the theory to experimental data analysis. Relation of thermoluminescence peaks to initial states of reaction center and excitation conditions]. / Vozmozhnye sostoianiia reaktsionnogo tsentra fotosistemy II i termoliuminestsentsiia vysshikh rastenii. II.Primenenie teorii termovysvechivaniia k analizu éksperimental'nykh dannykh. Sviaz' pikovtermoliuminestsentsii s nachal'nymi sostoianiiami reaktsionnogo tsentrai usloviiami vozbuzhdeniia.

Initial conditions for the thermoluminescence theory described in the first part of the present work were determined. The initial populations of possible states of the photosystem II reaction center and thermoluminescence of higher plants for different excitation conditions were estimated. The estimation enables one to explain the known experimental conditions favoring the appearance of certain thermoluminescence peaks. The possibility of applying the theory to the deconvolution of experimental curves into components was shown.

[Possible states of photosystem II reaction center and thermoluminescence of the higher plants. I. Analysis of thermoluminescence models and their applicability to the description of experimental data]. / Vozmozhnye sostoianiia reaktsionnogo tsentra fotosistemy II i termoliuminestsentsiia vysshikh rastenii. I. Analiz modelei termovysvechivaniia i ikh primenimosti dlia opisaniia éksperimental'nykh dannykh.

A method for the deconvolution of experimental glow curves into overlapping bands and determination of the activation energies for these bands is proposed. The model includes the S-states of the water-splitting complex, tyrozine Z and P680 on the donor side, pheophytine, primary and secondary quinone acceptors on the acceptor side, and takes into account the connection between different states of the reaction center complex. The rate constants of forward electron transport and the activation energies of backward reactions of electron transfer in photosystem II reaction center, included into the model, are estimated from the known experimental data using the proposed approach.

[study of the virulence of a recombinant strain of Bacillus anthracis, obtained as a result of transductive transfer of chromosomal genes from a strain of Bacillus cereus]. / Izuchenie virulentnosti rekombinantnogo shtamma Bacillus anthracis, poluchennogo v rezul'tate transduktsionnoi peredachi khromosomnykh genov iz shtamma Bacillus cereus.

Auxotrophic markers of B. anthracis strains differing them from other Bacillus representatives have been determined. Chromosome genes from prototrophic B. cereus strain were transduced into auxotrophic B. anthracis strain. The properties of transductants were studied in order to establish common transfer of chromosomal determinants responsible for realization of various signs. Transduction mating between species resulted in construction of prototroph B. anthracis strains (pX01- pX02+), whose derivatives are characterized by decreased virulence for laboratory animals.

[Profiles of serological markers of HBV-infection in acute hepatitis B]. / Profili serologicheskikh markerov HBV-infektsii pri ostrom gepatite B.

The authors demonstrate that severe and fulminant forms of acute hepatitis B (AHB) are associated with low concentrations of HBsAg and anti HBs in peripheral blood. In the majority of cyclic AHB cases HBeAg is registered in the serum for 2-3 weeks, whereas in more severe course of AHB its indication is shorter, with occasional occurrence of serological window. The more severe and longer was AHB course the lower was concentration of HBsAg in peripheral blood. The assessment of the complete profile of serological markers of HBV infection and HBsAg concentration in the serum in the course of the disease will promote more effective diagnosis of the disease pattern and outcome.

[Effects of infusion therapy on immunity and calcium contents in patients with stomach cancer]. / Vliianie infuzionnoi terapii na sostoianie immuniteta i soderzhanie kal'tsiia u bol'nykh rakom zheludka.

The humoral factor of non-specific immunity was shown to be inhibited significantly in gastric cancer patients. According to an analysis of immunologic status, phagocytic activity and blood plasma level of lysozymes increased during treatment of stomach cancer, thus pointing to favorable course of postoperative period.

[Strophanthin sensitivity in disorders of cardiac blood supply, altered immunologic reactivity and under the influence of several pharmacologic agents]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' k strofantinu pri narushennom krovosnabzhenii miokarda, izmenennoi immunologicheskoi reaktivnosti i pod vliianiem nekotorykh farmakologicheskikh sredstv

Tests conducted with 125 cats demonstrated that occlusion of the coronary artery causes a higher sensitivity to the bathmotropic action of strophanthin, but does not have any effect on the magnitude of its lethal dose. The efficaciousness of potassium orotate and also of Na2EDTA in combinations with anapriline and isadrine, as regulators of the sensitivity to the toxic effect of strophanthin, was investigated. Immunization of cats with a homocardiac antigen was found to produce biphasic changes in the sensitivity to the toxic effect of strophanthin associated with the duration of antigenic stimulation.