[Training programs in parental skills: A contribution to the prevention of the development of externalizing behaviors in preschool children]. / Programas de fortalecimiento de prácticas parentales: Un aporte a la prevención de conductas externalizantes en preescolares.

The presence of externalizing behaviors in childhood has significant degrees of future self-continuity and is a risk factor for school failure and drop-out, criminal behavior, substance abuse and depen dence, suicidal behaviors and other developmental psychopathological disorders. In this review, the main aspects related to parental practices strengthening programs are analyzed as useful instruments in the context of multi-component preventive work strategies. The evidence has shown that interven tion aimed at mothers and fathers is crucial in the modification of behavioral problems in children, where training in parental skills is one of the most studied strategies and considered of higher quality when preventing the development of externalizing behaviors.

Programas de fortalecimiento de prácticas parentales: un aporte a la prevención de conductas externalizantes en preescolares / Training programs in parental skills: a contribution to the prevention of the development of externalizing behaviors in preschool children

Resumen: La presencia de conductas externalizantes en la infancia tiene importantes grados de continuidad temporal futura, y es un factor de riesgo de fracaso y abandono escolar, de conductas delictuales, abuso y dependencia de sustancias, de conductas suicidas y de otros trastornos psicopatológicos del desarrollo. En esta revisión se analizan los principales aspectos relacionados con los programas de fortalecimiento de prácticas parentales como dispositivos útiles en el marco de estrategias multicomponentes de trabajo preventivo. La evidencia ha demostrado que la intervención dirigida a madres y padres es crucial en la modificación de problemas de conducta en niños/as, siendo el entrenamiento en habilidades parentales una de las estrategias mejor estudiadas y consideradas de mayor calidad al momento de prevenir el desarrollo de conductas externalizantes.

Abstract: The presence of externalizing behaviors in childhood has significant degrees of future self-continuity and is a risk factor for school failure and drop-out, criminal behavior, substance abuse and depen dence, suicidal behaviors and other developmental psychopathological disorders. In this review, the main aspects related to parental practices strengthening programs are analyzed as useful instruments in the context of multi-component preventive work strategies. The evidence has shown that interven tion aimed at mothers and fathers is crucial in the modification of behavioral problems in children, where training in parental skills is one of the most studied strategies and considered of higher quality when preventing the development of externalizing behaviors.

Promoción y prevención en salud mental: ¿esperanza fundada, vana ilusión o contrabando psicopatologizador? / Promotion and prevention in mental health: well-founded hope, futile illusion or psychopathologizing contraband?

La promoción y prevención en salud mental son crecientemente reconocidas como estrategias fundamentales. Se ha demostrado que programas promocionales y preventivos en esta área pueden ser efectivos. Existe la expectativa de que la diseminación de estos programas pueda ayudar a disminuir la brecha entre necesidades de atención en salud mental y recursos disponibles. Junto con describir estos antecedentes, este artículo analiza algunos desafíos centrales para que esta área pueda tener el desarrollo esperado. Se plantea que si este desarrollo se realiza desde la lógica del modelo médico puede contribuir a generar respuestas inadecuadas y, paradójicamente, a incrementar las necesidades de recursos en salud mental. Se analiza el riesgo que implicaría el uso masivo y recurrente del tamizaje de trastornos mentales desde una concepción medicalizadora. Se propone que el desarrollo de la promoción y prevención en salud mental es un desafío mayor y necesario pero que debe atender a las advertencias de lo que se denomina prevención cuaternaria

Mental health promotion and prevention are increasingly recognized as essential strategies. It has been shown that promotional and preventive programs in this area can be effective. It is expected that spreading these programs may help to decrease the gap between the assistance needs in mental health and the resources available. Besides describing this background, this article analyzes some of the main challenges necessary to achieve the desired development in this area. It is hypothesized that, if this development is carried out based on the logic of the medical model, it may contribute to creating inappropriate answers and, paradoxically, to increasing the need for resources in mental health. We analyze the risk involved in the massive and recurrent use of mental disorder screening based on a medicalizing conception. Finally, we propose that developing promotion and prevention in mental health is a great and necessary challenge, but it must take into consideration the warnings arising from what is known as quaternary prevention