[Mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity of antioxidants in lung tuberculosis]. / O mekhanizmakh protivovospalitelnogo deistviia antioksidantov pri tuberkulëze lëgkikh.

The experiment on 120 non-inbred albino rats with induced pulmonary destructive tuberculosis has established that the antiinflammatory action of the antioxidant dibunol is displayed through changes in the ratio of biologically active 11-hydroxycorticosteroids--free hydrocortisone and corticosterone.

[The pro-fibrotic and pro-oxidant action of isoniazid]. / Profibroticheskoe i prooksidantnoe deistvie izoniazida.

As a result of experimental research on rats with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis, oxidative action of isoniazid in a dose of 50 mg per kg body weight, corresponding to the mean therapeutic dose of 10 mg/kg in man, was clearly defined. Fibrotic action of the drug was also shown. It manifested itself by a sharp rise of insoluble collagen levels in the lung tissue tuberculous lesion focus of the treated animals and in the formation of mature connective tissue. Two mechanisms of isoniazid's pro-fibrotic action are presented.

[Lung changes in rats under the action of paraquat and the importance of antioxidants]. / Izmeneniia legkikh u krys pod deistviem parakvata i znachenie antioksidantov.

Characteristic features of pulmonary lesions after exposure to paraquat and various antioxidants were studied in albino rats. The antioxidants included dibunol, sodium thiosulfate and its combination with alpha-tocoferol. In the treated animals, there was a marked decrease in the areas affected by atelectasis and lower severity of elastofibrosis, involution of the connective tissue evident from its thinner fascicles and destruction of the collagenous and elastic fibers.

[Indications for the use of prednisolone in tuberculosis]. / O pokazaniiakh k primeneniiu prednizolona pri tuberkuleze.

To study the nature of lesions in the lungs developing as a result of using glucocorticoids in combined therapy of tuberculosis, two groups of new cases of infiltrative tuberculosis were observed. 51 patients were treated with the use of prednisolone and 23 patients were treated with antibacterial drugs alone. In addition, studies were performed on two groups of noninbred albino rats infected with mycobacteria Bovinus-8. It was shown that by changing the nature of the tissue reactions prednisolone promoted formation of tuberculoma type foci in the lung tissue and prolonged the periods of cavern closing.

[Effectiveness of soluble rifampicin in combination with other antibacterial preparations in treating disseminated destructive pulmonary tuberculosis in an experiment]. / Effektivnost' rastvorimogo rifampitsina v komplekse s drugimi antibakterial'nymi preparatami pri lechenii rasprostranennogo destruktivnogo tuberkuleza legkikh v éksperimente.

Efficacy of a new rifampicin dosage form developed at the All-Union Research Institute of Antibiotics was studied on dogs with extensive destructive tuberculosis of the lungs. Intracavernous instillation and rapid intravenous administration (RIA) of the drug in combination with 10 per cent solution of isoniazid and intramuscular administration of streptomycin were used. Intracavernous instillation of rifampicin in combination with 10 per cent solution of isoniazid was performed under the control of an x-ray unit with an image converter tube or with the developed administration procedure through an indwelling catheter. Intracavernous administration of the drugs was alternated with their RIA: either one-stage administration of the antibiotic in daily half doses to each cavern followed by RIA every second day or RIA of a daily half dose in the morning followed by intracavernous instillation of the second half dose to one cavern in 5-6 hours and the second half dose to the other cavern on the next day. Intracavernous instillation of rifampicin in combination with isoniazid together with their RIA in treatment of extensive destructive tuberculosis of the lungs provided 100 per cent elimination of tubercle bacilli in the internal organs of all the dogs and closing of the caverns with cicatrization in 70 per cent of the dogs and formation of microcavities in 30 per cent of the dogs within 30 days.

[Complications and their elimination during the rapid intravenous administration of rifampicin in an experiment]. / Oslozhneniia i ikh ustranenie pri ékspressnom vnutrivennom vvedenii rifampitsina v éksperimente.

Reaction to rapid intravenous administration (RIA) of rifampicin in a dose of 10 mg/kg was studied on 173 healthy dogs. Immediately after the first RIA of rifampicin there were observed vomiting and ataxia of various levels in 5.2 per cent of the animals. After the drug administration their arterial pressure (AP) lowered to 50-60 mm Hg. By the 9th-11th minute it restored to the initial level. A collapse-like condition was recorded immediately after rifampicin RIA in 2.3 per cent of the dogs with marked decreasing of their AP up to 15-20 mm Hg. Its restoration to the initial level was slow and required 35-40 min. It was noted that after the third consecutive RIA of rifampicin the observed reaction disappeared. Probably this was due to adaptation of the host to rifampicin intravenous injections. Mezaton is an efficient agent rapidly arresting the reaction within 1-3 min.

[Comparative effectiveness of the enteral and intravenous administration of rifampicin in treating experimental tuberculosis in rabbits]. / Sravnitel'naia éffektivnost' énteral'nogo i vnutrivennogo vvedeniia rifampitsina pri lechenii éksperimental'nogo tuberkuleza u krolikov.

The efficacy of intravenous and enteral administration of rifampicin was studied comparatively in treatment of hematogenic diseminated tuberculosis in rabbits. The drugs were administered in a dose of 10 mg/kg for 60 days. The functional state of the liver was studied in the time course by activity of urokinase, a hepatospecific enzyme and transaminases. Monotherapy with rifampicin capsules administered enterally resulted in death of 66.6 per cent of the animals due to tuberculosis during the first month of the treatment. Completion of the treatment course in 4 rabbits did not result in abacillation. When rifampicin was administered intravenously no deaths of the animals due to tuberculosis were recorded. Complete abacillation of the internal organs was observed in 37.5 per cent of the rabbits. The changes in activity of the indicator enzymes were transient and after discontinuation of the treatment came to normal.

[Effectiveness of the rapid intravenous administration of rifampicin and isoniazid and of the intramuscular administration of streptomycin in disseminated destructive pulmonary tuberculosis in dogs]. / Effektivnost' ékspressnogo vnutrivennogo vvedeniia rifampitsina, izoniazida i vnutrimyshechnogo vvedeniia streptomitsina pri rasprostranennom destruktivnom tuberkuleze legkikh u sobak.

Soluble rifampicin and isoniazid injected rapidly by the intravenous route and streptomycin injected intramuscularly to dogs with disseminated destructive tuberculosis of the lungs provided sterilization of the organs with respect to M. tuberculosis for the period of their use for 2 months. This was confirmed microbiologically. The treatment resulted in resolution of the dissemination foci in the organs and stimulation of immunomorphological and connective tissue reactions in the lungs until the foci cicatrized. The shifts in liver function (bilirubin, ALT and AST) and coagulograms during the treatment were temporary and came to normal by the end of the treatment. The organotropic effect of soluble rifampicin in combination with isoniazid injected rapidly by the intravenous route and streptomycin injected intramuscularly was not observed during the treatment of the dogs with disseminated destructive tuberculosis of the lungs. Rapid intravenous injection of rifampicin in combination with other antimicrobial drugs will provide a significant decrease in the periods of chemotherapy of patients with disseminated destructive tuberculosis of the lungs.

[Effect of sodium thiosulfate on morphological manifestations of experimental tuberculosis]. / Vliianie tiosul'fata natriia na morfologicheskie proiavleniia eksperimental'nogo tuberkuleza.

The effect of an antioxidant, sodium thiosulphate (in doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg), on morphological manifestations of experimental tuberculosis was studied in 35 white rats. Sodium thiosulphate exerted a marked antiinflammatory and antisclerogenic effect. Changes in morphology (rearrangement of fibrous connective tissue into loose shapeless tissue with increased number of cell elements, mainly lymphocytes, and changes in the structure of collagen fibers down to granular degeneration) and typical properties of the connective tissues (decreased fuxinophilia, decreased content of proteoglycans and glycoproteins, appearance of picrinophilia) were observed in different periods of tuberculosis development which led to a conclusion that sodium thiosulphate not only partially prevented the crude fibrosis formation but also affected the already formed fibrous tissue by its resorption.