[Correlation between capillary fasting glucose and HbA1c: study on 181 type 2 diabetics patients in Democratic Republic of the Congo]. / Correlation entre la glycémie à jeun capillaire et l'HbA1c: 181 diabétiques de type 2 à Kinshasa (République démocratique du Congo).

OBJECTIVES: Due to lack of equipment, diabetic patients in Congolese hospitals are monitored only by capillary (CFG) or plasmatic fasting glucose. The purpose of this study was to estimate the correlation between the HbA1c and CFG in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: From July 1st to October 30th, 2007, four CFG tests (one every two weeks) and one HbA1c test (immunoassay method) were performed in 181 type 2 diabetics managed at the University Hospital of Kinshasa. Correlation between the HbAlc test and each CFG test was determined by Pearson coefficient (r). Variation of HbA1c according to the average CFG was determined by simple linear regression. RESULTS: Duration of diabetes varied between 1 and 32 years (median: 4 years). Patients had an average age of 56.4 +/- 11.2 years of age; a mean CFG of 9.38 +/- 3.62 mmol/L and HbA1c of 9.4 +/- 2.7%. HbA1c correlated better with average CFG (r = 0.753, p < 0.001) than with CFG performed 4 weeks earlier (r = 0.714, p < 0.001), 6 weeks earlier (r= 0.649, p < 0.001), 2 weeks earlier (r = 0.646, p < 0.001) and concomitantly (r = 0.636, p < 0.001). Extrapolation based on the linear regression equation showed that a delta of 1.925 mmol/L in average CFG = D 1% HbA1c. CONCLUSION: In the type 2 diabetic patients in this study, average CFG of 4 tests carried out at 2-week intervals was well correlated to the HbAlc. Average CFG seems a good alternative for monitoring type 2 diabetes in environments not equipped for HbAlc testing.

Metabolic syndrome using national cholesterol education program criteria in black patients with arterial hypertension

Objective: to assess the prevalence and correlates of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in black patients with essential hypertension. Methods: A total of 100 consecutive essential hypertensives (53 men and 47 women, mean age 49 ± 10 years, BMI 27 ± 5 Kg/m², SBP 155 ± 19 mmHg, DBP 101 ± 11 mmHg) attending the University of Kinshasa outpatient hypertension clinic and included in a case-control study of lipids and lipoproteins were considered for the present cross sectional analysis. All patients underwent clinical, laboratory and electrocardiographic investigations searching for lipid and lipid cardiovascular risk factors. NCEP-ATP III criteria were used to define the MS. Between group comparisons were made with the Student t test, Mann Whitney U test or Chi square as appropriate. Results: 31 hypertensive patients (33%), 23 men and 8 women, fulfilled the NCEP-ATP III criteria of the MS. In univariate analysis, aside the variables defining the MS, patients with the MS had a significantly higher TC/HDL-c ratio (4.44 ± 2.40 vs 3.79 ± 1.82; p ≤ 0.05) and proportion (13% vs 3%, p ≤ 0.05) of smokers; they paradoxically showed lower proportion (39% vs 52%, p ≤ 0.05) of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in comparison to those without the MS. The two groups were similar for age, sex distribution, duration of hypertension, physical activity, treatment status, BP and other biological variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent contribution of risk factors to the risk of MS. Conclusion: MS is common among Congolese patients with essential hypertension and seems to be paradoxically associated with less pronounced cardiac damage probably due to the phenomenon of reverse epidemiology of traditional cardiovascular risk factors

Secondary collapsing glomerulopathy associated with Loa loa filariasis.

This is the first case of nonprimary collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) associated with Loa loa filariasis. Loa loa micofilariae were detected on a blood smear after a patient presented with nephrotic syndrome (NS), microhematuria, and renal failure. The renal biopsy showed a collapsing glomerulopathy variant of FSGS. Microfilariae also were identified in renal microvasculature, including the afferent arterioles and the glomerular and peritubular capillaries.

Examen microscopique urinaire normal de l'adulte zairois aux Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa

Les objectifs ont ete de proposer une methode standardisee de l'examen microscopique de l'urine et de determiner les valeurs de reference. Cent dix-neuf echantillons recoltes lors de la premiere et/ou de la seconde miction matinale provenant de 100 sujets sains. Les urines etaient d'aspect limpide chez tous les sujets et de coloration jaune clair (58;80 pour cent); jaune fonce (27;7 pour cent) (jaune paille (13;4 pour cent). L'urine de la premiere et de la seconde miction constitue l'echantillon ideal pour l'examen microscopique urinaire. Les valeurs de reference obtenues sont comparables a celles rapportees dans la litterature. Ces resultats suscitent l'interet de la vulgarisation de la methode standardisee