RESUMO
Accurately identifying and differentiating the types of injuries in decomposed corpses is a major challenge in forensic identification. Forensic investigations involving decomposed cadavers pose challenges in determining the cause of death. Traditional methods often lack conclusive evidence. However, the implementation of advanced analytical techniques, such as comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF/MS), shows promise in overcoming these limitations, but the potential in this area remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to bridge this gap by exploring the potential of GC × GC-TOF/MS in the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) changes within decaying ante- and post-mortem injuries.The research emphasizes the forensic significance of VOCs changes in decomposed cadavers. We used GC × GC-TOF/MS analysis to identify the specific volatile compounds in putrefied corpse tissue samples from mice. The GC × GC-TOF/MS analysis results showed that under winter conditions, PC1 explained 57.16% of the variance, and PC2 explained 25.23% of the variance; while under summer conditions, PC1 explained 71.89% of the variance, and PC2 explained 24.49% of the variance. This demonstrates the potential of GC × GC-TOF/MS in identifying specific VOCs present in tissue samples that can serve as potential biomarkers for distinguishing between antemortem and postmortem injury. GC × GC-TOF/MS analysis revealed distinct VOC patterns in both conditions. Comprehensive use of GC × GC-TOF/MS analysis enhances accuracy in identifying and characterizing ante- and post-mortem injuries in decomposed cadavers. This study can significantly contribute to the field of forensic medicine and improve the accuracy of forensic investigations.
RESUMO
This article explores the development and challenges of forensic medicine in Africa, comparing it to developed countries. It addresses limited resources, funding, and a shortage of trained professionals. The growth of forensic investigation capabilities and the challenges of funding and technology access are discussed. Training and education have improved, but disparities remain. Partnerships with developed countries and international organizations are crucial to bridge the gap. A comprehensive legal framework is important, but disparities exist among African countries. Harmonizing forensic laws would enhance cooperation. The role of forensic medicine in the criminal justice system is examined, emphasizing the need to build trust in forensic evidence. International collaboration and capacity building are key to advancing forensic medicine in Africa. Investments in infrastructure, funding, training, and legal frameworks are required. By leveraging partnerships, Africa can develop its forensic medicine capabilities for a fair and effective criminal justice system.
RESUMO
The Republic of Rwanda is a landlocked country with more than 12.6 million people. Similar to other nations in Africa, Rwanda is still developing its forensic medicine capabilities. This paper attempts to provide a concise history of forensic medicine in Rwanda, as well as a critique of the current state of affairs and recommendations for reform. The Rwanda Investigation Bureau (RIB) investigates any suspicious or unexplained deaths in the country, after which the body is sent to the nearest public hospital for medico-legal autopsy. Except for the Rwanda Forensic Laboratory, which has forensic practitioners with minimal training in forensic medicine, the majority of medical practitioners engaged in medicolegal activities in Rwanda lack forensic medicine training. To standardize medico-legal practices and forensic medicine education in the country, a competent medico-legal authority must be established to host frequent seminars, conferences, and various training programs for both forensic and non-forensic medicine experts.
