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1.
Immunobiology ; 216(9): 1054-63, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21411179

RESUMO

In the present work, we studied the kinetics of the appearance of different immunological parameters in the lungs during the intestinal phase of infection with Trichinella spiralis. We also evaluated the lung's role in the retention and death of this helminth in its migratory stage. To study these parameters, we used lung extracts, lung cell suspensions and rat lung tissue sections. During the intestinal phase of infection (days 0-13 post-infection, p.i.), an inflammatory response is elicited in the lungs, which reflects humoral, cellular and functional changes. These changes included an increased number of mast cells and eosinophils and the local production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-13, CCL11 and CCL28. We found hyperplasia of the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). Total and specific IgA, IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a were detected locally. The retention of the migratory larvae in the lung, together with the ex vivo cytotoxic capacity of the lung cells and antibodies present in the lung extracts, suggested that the lung was one of the immune defense organs against the pathogen's migration stage.


Assuntos
Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Inflamação/imunologia , Larva/imunologia , Pulmão/imunologia , Trichinella spiralis/imunologia , Triquinelose/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/biossíntese , Citocinas/imunologia , Eosinófilos/citologia , Eosinófilos/imunologia , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Feminino , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas/biossíntese , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas/imunologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Inflamação/parasitologia , Inflamação/patologia , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pulmão/parasitologia , Pulmão/patologia , Mastócitos/citologia , Mastócitos/imunologia , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Cultura Primária de Células , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Extratos de Tecidos , Trichinella spiralis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Triquinelose/parasitologia , Triquinelose/patologia
2.
Vet Parasitol ; 159(3-4): 364-7, 2009 Feb 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19054617

RESUMO

Three immunoserological tests (IST) used for the detection of porcine trichinellosis, immunofluorescence (IF), enzyme-inmunoanalysis (EIA), and Western blot (WB), were compared. Three groups of animals were analyzed: Group 1, animals naturally infected with parasite burdens (PB) of <1 muscle larvae (ML)/g (n=18); Group 2, animals naturally infected with PB of > or =2ML/g (n=23); Group 3, animals raised and home-slaughtered on farms in Argentina (n=59). Animals from Groups 1 and 2 were identified in outbreaks and were analyzed by individual artificial digestion (AD) of > or =30g of muscle. Animals in Group 3 were subjected to AD of 5g of muscle. The detection percentages in sera of swine with the lower PB were 100% for IF, 72% for EIA, and 50% for WB. Eighty-three percent of the animals were serologically positive by two or three techniques. In pigs with the higher PB, the detection percentage was similar for IF and EIA (100% vs. 91%, respectively), and was lower for the WB (61%). Ninety-six percent of the animals were serologically positive by two or three techniques. Group 3 animals had similar detection percentages for the three techniques (IF, 30%; EIA, 29%; WB, 42%). Twenty-five percent of the animals were serologically positive by two or three techniques. Two animals were positive by AD with PB of 0.33 and 2.4ML/g, and were positive for IF and WB, or IF, EIA, and WB. Results indicate that the sensitivity of each technique depends on the PB, and always ranked in sensitivity as IF>EIA>WB. For the lower PB, the decrease in the sensitivity is more pronounced for the EIA. Although the WB has a low sensitivity, the detection of the specific bands for Trichinella spiralis makes it a useful confirmatory tool. Considering that more than 83% of the parasitologically positive animals had 2 or 3 positive serological results using the techniques tested here, for the diagnosis of porcine trichinellosis, pigs positive by two of these serological techniques must be regarded as truly infected pigs.


Assuntos
Testes Sorológicos/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologia , Triquinelose/veterinária , Animais , Argentina , Western Blotting/veterinária , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Imunofluorescência/veterinária , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/veterinária , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/sangue , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Triquinelose/sangue , Triquinelose/diagnóstico
3.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg ; 102(7): 662-8, 2008 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18455208

RESUMO

The clinical background, vertical transmission of Trichinella spiralis and helminthotoxic activity of sera were evaluated in four pregnant women infected at different gestation times. Parasitological and immunological parameters were analyzed. Patients presented clinical symptoms and a seroconversion pattern typical of Trichinella infection, independently of the gestation trimester. All patients, including one patient treated with mebendazole, gave birth to healthy infants at full term. Studies performed in placentas and umbilical cords by artificial digestion and/or immunofluorescence did not reveal the presence of parasites or parasite antigens. Specific antibodies were found in placental extraction and maternal sera by immunofluorescence, ELISA and/or immunoelectrotransfer blot assay. Specific IgG, IgE and IgA were found in the umbilical cord sera. One umbilical cord demonstrated immune-complexed specific IgM and circulating parasite antigens were found in the corresponding infant up to 10 months after birth. Patients' sera were able to kill newborn larvae in cytotoxicity assays, even in the absence of specific antibodies; this effect was abrogated by mifepristone. The results suggest that in human trichinellosis during pregnancy there is an enhanced helminthotoxicity to newborn larvae, dependent in part on progesterone, leading to a mild or moderate course of the infection. The results also indicate that the transplacental passage of migrating larvae is possible.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Helmintos/imunologia , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/parasitologia , Trichinella spiralis , Triquinelose/imunologia , Adulto , Animais , Citotoxicidade Imunológica/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/parasitologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita/imunologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Placenta/parasitologia , Gravidez , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/imunologia , Resultado da Gravidez , Trimestres da Gravidez , Progesterona/imunologia , Trichinella spiralis/imunologia
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