Enfermedad de Zuska: fístula crónica mamaria infrecuente / Zuska disease: An uncommon chronic fístula of the breast

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Extended use of bemiparin as thromboprophylaxis during bariatric surgery: results of anti-factor Xa activity measurements.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in morbidly obese patients after obesity surgery is between .2% and 3.5%. Because there are a lack of prospective studies on the type of drug, the correct dosage, and the optimal duration, there are no specific recommendations found in the guidelines on thrombophylaxis. OBJECTIVES: To compare the incidence of VTE and hemorrhagic events in bariatric surgical patients receiving bemiparin thromboprophylaxis who have prophylactic and nonprophylactic Anti-factor Xa (AFXa) levels. SETTING: University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, Spain, public practice. METHODS: A cohort study of 122 morbidly obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery. The thromboprophylactic regimen consisted of bemiparin 5000 IU/24 hr for 30 days. AFXa levels were measured on the second and third day postoperation (prophylactic range: .3-.5 IU/mL). Body mass index, co-morbidities, prothrombotic risk factors, and thrombotic and hemorrhagic events were noted. RESULTS: The mean body mass index was 48.4 kg/m2. In 50 samples, the level of AFXa was within the prophylactic range; in 71, they were in the subprophylactic range. No VTEs were observed. Major hemorrhagic events were observed in 2.4%. We did not find a significant association between AFXa and thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events. There is a significant negative correlation between the level of AFXa and body mass index. CONCLUSION: A regimen of 5000 IU/24 hr of bemiparin for 30 days after obesity surgery appears to prevent VTE without increasing the risk of a major hemorrhage. The level of AFXa is not associated with postoperative thrombotic or hemorrhagic events occurring after bariatric surgery.

The utility of hyperthermic intra-abdominal chemotherapy with gemcitabine for the inhibition of tumor progression in an experimental model of pancreatic peritoneal carcinomatosis, in relation to their behavior with pancreatic cancer stem cells CD133+ CXCR4.

OBJECTIVE: The origin of pancreatic cancer has been identified as a population of malignant pancreatic stem cells CD133+ CXCR4+ immunophenotype. These cells have high capacity for early locoregional invasion, being responsible for early recurrence and high mortality rates of pancreatic cancer. We propose a study for decreasing tumor progression of pancreatic cancer by reducing the volume and neoplastic subpopulation of pancreatic cancer stem cells CD133+ CXCR4+. Therefore, we develop a new therapeutic model, characterized by the application of HIPEC (Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy) with gemcitabine. DESIGN: Pancreatic tumor cell line: human cell line BxPC-3. The animal model involved 18 immunosuppressed rats 5 weeks weighing 150-200 gr. The implantation of 13 × 10(6) cells/mL was performed with homogeneous distribution in the 13 abdominopelvic quadrants according to the peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) and were randomized into three treatment groups. Group I (4 rats) received intravenous saline. Group II (6 rats) received intravenous gemcitabine. Group III (8 rats) received HIPEC at 41 °C for 30 min with gemcitabine + gemcitabine IV. A histological study confirmed pancreatic cancer and immunohistochemical quantification of pancreatic cancer stem cells CD133+ CXCR4+ tumor cells. RESULTS: There was a population decline of pancreatic cancer stem cells CD133+ CXCR4+ in the HIPEC group with respect to the other two groups (p < 0.001). There was a decrease in PCI between treatment groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The initial results are encouraging since there is a declining population of cancer stem cells CD133+ CXCR4+ in the HIPEC group and decreased tumor volume compared to the other two treatment groups. All the conclusions are only valid for BxPC3 cell line, and the effects HIPEC on Kras-driven pancreatic tumors remain to be determined.