Retention of a resin-based sealant and a glass ionomer used as a fissure sealant in children with special needs.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research is to evaluate the retention of sealants of resin and resin-modified ionomeric glass pits and fissures, on first permanent molars of special patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample was comprised by 32 children. The ages were between 7 and 18 years. The sealing procedure was made with the relative isolation of the molars to be sealed, through the use of cotton rolls. Two molars were sealed with Clinpro Sealant 3M Dental and the others with Vitremer. Checking of the sealants was made after 3 and 6 months of their placement, evaluating with 3 values: TR: Totally Restrained; PR: Partially Restrained; and CL: Completely Lost. RESULTS: 67.18% of the resinous sealants, and 70.31% of the glass ionomer sealants were successful after three months. After six months, 57.81% of the resin-based sealants and 51.56% of the glass ionomer sealants were successful. When performing the Chi-square statistical analysis (P<0.05) no statistical significance was observed after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The retention of the resin sealant was similar to that of the glass ionomer cement at the end of six months and the retention of sealants on maxillary teeth was higher than on mandibular teeth. Key words:Sealant, glass ionomer, retention, caries, special needs.

Clinical prevalence of drooling in infant cerebral palsy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and severity of drooling in infant cerebral palsy (ICP) and analyze the possible surgical, pharmacological, myofunctional and novel alternative approaches to treatment of this disorder. METHODS: A clinical study is made of a group of patients with ICP (cohort) and aged between 4 and 34 years, visiting a dental clinic for disabled patients. The classification of Thomas-Stonell and Greenberg was used to assess the presence and severity of drooling. RESULTS: Of the total of 50 patients evaluated (52% males and 48% females), 58% presented drooling (mild in 44.4% and moderate to severe in 27.7%). CONCLUSION: Over half of the patients with ICP presented drooling. Effective options are therefore needed for the treatment of this problem, which poses a series of negative effects for both patients and their care givers.

Clinical prevalence of drooling in infant cerebral palsy

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Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of drooling in infant cerebral palsy (ICP) and analyze the possible surgical, pharmacological, myofunctional and novel alternative approaches to treatment of this disorder.Methods: A clinical study is made of a group of patients with ICP (cohort) and aged between 4 and 34 years, visiting a dental clinic for disabled patients. The classification of Thomas-Stonell and Greenberg was used to assess the presence and severity of drooling.Results: Of the total of 50 patients evaluated (52% males and 48% females), 58% presented drooling (mild in 44.4% and moderate to severe in 27.7%).Conclusion: Over half of the patients with ICP presented drooling. Effective options are therefore needed for thetreatment of this problem, which poses a series of negative effects for both patients and their care givers

Periodontal disease associated to systemic genetic disorders.

A number of systemic disorders increase patient susceptibility to periodontal disease, which moreover evolves more rapidly and more aggressively. The underlying factors are mainly related to alterations in immune, endocrine and connective tissue status. These alterations are associated with different pathologies and syndromes that generate periodontal disease either as a primary manifestation or by aggravating a pre-existing condition attributable to local factors. This is where the role of bacterial plaque is subject to debate. In the presence of qualitative or quantitative cellular immune alterations, periodontal disease may manifest early on a severe localized or generalized basis--in some cases related to the presence of plaque and/or specific bacteria (severe congenital neutropenia or infantile genetic agranulocytosis, Chediak-Higiashi syndrome, Down syndrome and Papillon-Lefévre syndrome). In the presence of humoral immune alterations, periodontal damage may result indirectly as a consequence of alterations in other systems. In connective tissue disorders, bacterial plaque and alterations of the periodontal tissues increase patient susceptibility to gingival inflammation and alveolar resorption (Marfan syndrome and Ehler-Danlos syndrome). The management of periodontal disease focuses on the control of infection and bacterial plaque by means of mechanical and chemical methods. Periodontal surgery and even extraction of the most seriously affected teeth have also been suggested. There are variable degrees of consensus regarding the background systemic disorder, as in the case of Chediak-Higiashi syndrome, where antibiotic treatment proves ineffective; in severe congenital neutropenia or infantile genetic agranulocytosis, where antibiotic prophylaxis is suggested; and in Papillon-Lefévre syndrome, where an established treatment protocol is available.

Enfermedad periodontal asociada a desórdenes genéticos sistemáticos / Periodontal disease associated to systemic genetic disorders

Existen condiciones sistémicas que generan una mayor susceptibilidad a la enfermedad periodontal, la cual evoluciona de forma más rápida y agresiva. Los factores involucrados tienen relación, principalmente con alteraciones a nivel inmunológico, a nivel hormonal y del tejido conectivo. Estas alteraciones se asocian a diversas patologías y síndromes, generando la enfer-medad periodontal como una manifestación primaria o agravando una condición ya establecida por factores locales. Aquí es donde el papel de la placa bacteriana es discutido. Cuando existe alteración inmunológica celular cualitativa o cuantitativa, la enfermedad periodontal se puede presentar tempranamente de forma severa localizada o generalizada, existiendo en algunos casos relación a la presencia de placa y/o a bacterias específicas (neutropenia severa congénita o agranulocitosis infantil genética, síndrome de Chediak-Higashi, síndrome de Down y síndrome Papillon-Lefévre). En la alteración inmune humoral el daño periodontal, puede ser generado de forma indirecta por alteración de otros sistemas.En los desordenes del tejido conectivo, la placa bacteriana y las alteraciones en los tejidos periodontales, aumentan la susceptibilidad a la inflamación gingival y resorción alveolar (síndrome de Marfan y síndrome de Ehler-Danlos)El manejo y tratamiento de la enfermedad periodontal esta enfocado al control de la infección y de la placa bacteriana, mediante métodos mecánicos y a métodos químicos. También se sugiere la cirugía periodontal e inclusive la exodoncia de los dientes mas afectados. Existen variantes de acuerdo a la alteración sistémica de base, como el caso del síndrome de Chediak-Higashi donde no responde a tratamientos antibióticos, en la neutropenia severa congénita o agranulocitosis infantil genética que sugiere profilaxis antibiótica y en el caso del síndrome de Papillon-Lefévre con un protocolo establecidopara el tratamiento

A number of systemic disorders increase patient susceptibility to periodontal disease, which moreover evolves morerapidly and more aggressively. The underlying factors are mainly related to alterations in immune, endocrine and con-nective tissue status. These alterations are associated with different pathologies and syndromes that generate periodontaldisease either as a primary manifestation or by aggravating a pre-existing condition attributable to local factors. Thisis where the role of bacterial plaque is subject to debate. In the presence of qualitative or quantitative cellular immunealterations, periodontal disease may manifest early on a severe localized or generalized basis – in some cases relatedto the presence of plaque and/or specific bacteria (severe congenital neutropenia or infantile genetic agranulocytosis,Chediak-Higiashi syndrome, Down syndrome and Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome). In the presence of humoral immunealterations, periodontal damage may result indirectly as a consequence of alterations in other systems.In connective tissue disorders, bacterial plaque and alterations of the periodontal tissues increase patient susceptibilityto gingival inflammation and alveolar resorption (Marfan syndrome and Ehler-Danlos syndrome).The management of periodontal disease focuses on the control of infection and bacterial plaque by means of mecha-nical and chemical methods. Periodontal surgery and even extraction of the most seriously affected teeth have alsobeen suggested. There are variable degrees of consensus regarding the background systemic disorder, as in the case of Chediak-Higiashi syndrome, where antibiotic treatment proves ineffective; in severe congenital neutropenia or infantilegenetic agranulocytosis, where antibiotic prophylaxis is suggested; and in Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, where an establis-hed treatment protocol is available