Psychiatric nursing care for adult survivors of child maltreatment: a systematic review of the literature.

PURPOSE: To determine what is known from the literature about nursing care of psychiatric patients with a history of child maltreatment. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric nurses underline the importance of a routine inquiry of child abuse on admission of patients to psychiatric care, but are reluctant to ask about child abuse. They often feel insufficiently competent to respond effectively to patients with a history of child maltreatment. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Psychiatric nurses need training in how to assess a history of child abuse and the late-life consequences of abuse in adult psychiatric patients. They also need to be trained to respond effectively to these patients.

Does public disclosure of quality indicators influence hospitals' inclination to enhance results?

OBJECTIVE: The national guideline on oesophageal carcinoma's recommendation of a minimum number of 10 resections per year and the intervention of the Dutch Health Care Inspectorate have highlighted hospitals' 'need to score' on the public quality indicator for the annual number of oesophageal resections. To determine whether low-volume hospitals are inclined to adjust their numbers, we studied the difference between the reported and actual numbers of oesophageal resections in 2005 and 2006. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. Hospitals were asked to submit all operative reports on resections from 2005 to 2006. Two pairs of evaluators independently labelled all anonymous operative reports from the selected hospitals as resection or non-resection. SETTING: Hospitals in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: Ten hospitals that reported 10 or 11 resections in 2006, or an average of fewer than 10 resections per year in the period 2003-2006. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Difference between the reported and actual numbers of oesophageal resections in 2005 and 2006. RESULTS: Oesophageal resection criteria were not met in 7% of the 179 operative reports from the 10 selected hospitals. The difference between the reported and actual numbers of resections in 2005 was not significant, while in 2006 it was. Of the hospitals studied, 70% actually performed fewer resections than they reported. CONCLUSION: Our results support the assumption that low-volume hospitals are inclined to adjust their numbers when, because outcomes are public, pressure to report a sufficient number is high. So, external verification of data is essential when this 'need to score' is high.