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BACKGROUND: Some risk factors for breast reduction complications are well known but for others the results are contradictory in scientific literature. The choice between superior pedicle and superomedial pedicle as a risk factor has been rarely studied. We aim to better identify the risk factors for breast reduction complications, including the choice between these two pedicles, in order to better prevent their occurrence. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients who underwent a bilateral breast reduction from august 2020 to august 2023 in our center. Patient data were obtained and correlated with postoperative complications using statistical tests and a literature search was carried out to compare our results to the current evidence. RESULTS: We included 216 patients. The complication rate was 24.07%. The most frequent complication was wound dehiscence (17.59%), followed by partial Nipple-Areola-Complex necrosis or peroperative suffering requiring conversion to Nipple-Areola-Complex free graft (5.56%). Increased Body Mass Index, superomedial pedicle and resection weight ≥650g were associated with an increased probability of complication occurrence (P=0.048, P=0.005 and P=0.044). The superomedial pedicle and the resection weight ≥650g were associated with an increased probability of wound dehiscence (P=0.005 and P=0.037). The difference between the preoperative and the postoperative Sternal-Notch-Nipple distance was associated with an increased probability of partial Nipple-Areola-Complex necrosis or Nipple-Areola-Complex free graft (P=0.014). CONCLUSION: Correcting modifiable preoperative risk factors and mastering both techniques, enabling the surgeon to choose the one best suited to each patient's clinical situation, reduces the complication rate.
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Mamoplastia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Humanos , Mamoplastia/métodos , Mamoplastia/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/etiologia , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/prevenção & controle , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/epidemiologia , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Interest in finding efficient ways to remove penicillin allergy alerts has grown as a result of awareness of the considerable excess of false-negative diagnoses in patients with penicillin allergy labels (90%-95%), the poorer course with non-ß-lactam antibiotics, the increase in bacterial resistance, and the fact that these problems can affect up to 20% of the population in some countries. The strategies proposed have generated many publications in countries where the number of allergists to conduct such studies is low. In many cases where delabeling is performed, the risk of ß-lactam allergy is low, and a single penicillin challenge is sufficient to delabel the alert. However, other less "ultrarapid" strategies can be used to administer a ß-lactam during an admission for infection and thus postpone delabeling until traditional drug allergy consultations. However, the definitive withdrawal of ß-lactam alerts is threatened by nonremoval of alerts in electronic health records and by the reactivation or nonsynchronization of alerts between electronic systems at different levels of care. Allergy departments need to reflect on how to implement practices that enable rapid and efficient delabeling of drug allergy alerts, especially in patients with major comorbidities.
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PURPOSE: To use Discrete Cosine Transform to include tumor motion variations on ITV definition of SBRT patients. METHODS: Data from 66 patients was collected. 2D planar fluoroscopy images (FI) were available for 54 patients. Daily CBCT projections (CBCTp) from 29 patients were employed to measure interfraction amplitude variability. Systematic amplitude variations were obtained from 17 patients with data from both FI and CBCTp. Tumor motion curves obtained from FI were characterized with a Cosine model (CM), based on cosine functions to the power of 2, 4 or 6, and DCT. Performance of both models was evaluated by means of R2 coefficient and by comparing their results on Internal Target Volume (ITV) margins against those calculated from original tumor motion curves. Amplitude variations from CBCTp, as well as estimations of baseline shift variations were added to the DCT model to account for their effect on ITV margins. RESULTS: DCT replicated tumor motion curves with a mean R2 values for all patients of 0.86, 0.91 and 0.96 for the lateral (LAT), anterior-posterior (AP) and cranio-caudal (CC) directions respectively. CM yielded worst results, with R2 values of 0.64, 0.61 and 0.74 in the three directions. Interfraction amplitude variation increased ITV margins by a 9%, while baseline shift variability implied a 40% and 80-100% increase for normalized values of baseline shift of 0.2 and 0.4 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Probability distribution functions of tumor positions can be successfully characterized with DCT. This permits to include tumor motion variablilities obtained from patient population into patient specific ITVs.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares , Radiocirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada Quadridimensional , Humanos , Fígado , Pulmão , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Movimento (Física) , Planejamento da Radioterapia Assistida por Computador , RespiraçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Pancreatic cancer is considered one of the most aggressive solid tumors. In Mexico, it is the twelfth cause of cancer, with 4,489 cases diagnosed annually, and accounts for 4.9% of oncologic deaths. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer spanning an 11-year period at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán". METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted that included 479 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, within the time frame of 2003-2013. The documented findings were summarized through descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Of the patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 50.9% were women, and the mean patient age at diagnosis was 61.5 years. A total of 48.4% of the cases were diagnosed at clinical stage IV, 12.9% presented with clinical stage III, and 25.0% had localized disease. Surgery was performed on 37.5% of the patients, the most frequent of which was pancreatoduodenectomy. The surgical mortality rate was 5.5%. CONCLUSION: The clinical characteristics in our study group were similar to those described in the literature. However, the number of candidates for surgical treatment was higher than that reported in other hospitals and the percentage of borderline tumors was lower. Those differences, respectively, are possibly associated with the nature of our referral center and the prolonged intervals between diagnosis and treatment that result in the loss of potential surgical patients.
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Infectious agents have been suggested to be involved in etiopathogenesis of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). However, the relationship between bacterial infection and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has not yet been completely clarified. The objective of this study is to detect bacterial DNA in thrombotic material of patients with ACS with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI). We studied 109 consecutive patients with STEMI, who underwent thrombus aspiration and arterial peripheral blood sampling. Testing for bacterial DNA was performed by probe-based real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). 12 probes and primers were used for the detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Chlamydia pneumoniae, viridans group streptococci, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannarella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Helycobacter pylori, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Staphylococus aureus, Prevotella intermedia and Streptococcus mutans. Thus, DNA of four species of bacteria was detected in 10 of the 109 patients studied. The most frequent species was viridans group streptococci (6 patients, 5.5%), followed by Staphylococus aureus (2 patients, 1.8%). Moreover, a patient had DNA of Porphyromonas gingivalis (0.9%); and another patient had DNA of Prevotella intermedia (0.9%). Bacterial DNA was not detected in peripheral blood of any of our patients. In conclusion, DNA of four species of endodontic and periodontal bacteria was detected in thrombotic material of 10 STEMI patients. Bacterial DNA was not detected in the peripheral blood of patients with bacterial DNA in their thrombotic material. Bacteria could be latently present in plaques and might play a role in plaque instability and thrombus formation leading to ACS.
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DNA Bacteriano/análise , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/microbiologia , Trombose/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , Pulpite/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/etiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/cirurgiaRESUMO
ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: La osteotomía periacetabular (OPA) es una técnica utilizada para el tratamiento de la displasia residual, incluso en caderas inestables con cobertura acetabular limitada. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los resultados funcionales, radiológicos y las complicaciones en pacientes tratados mediante OPA mini-invasiva. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo que analiza 131 casos intervenidos con OPA en nuestro centro. Se determinó de forma prequirúrgica y al final del seguimiento el grado de degeneración articular con la escala de Tönnis, el ángulo de Wiberg, el índice acetabular, el ángulo de cobertura anterior, el espacio articular, las posibles complicaciones y el resultado funcional mediante la escala Non-Arthritic Hip Score. RESULTADOS: La edad media de 32,3±9,5 (DE) años, 102 (77,9%) fueron mujeres y 29 (22,1%) fueron hombres. El seguimiento fue de 7,7±2,8 (DE) años. Se obtuvo una mejora en los parámetros radiológicos entre el momento prequirúrgico y al final del seguimiento, ángulo de Wiberg de+18,5° (18,3° versus 36,8°, IC 95%: 17,3 a 19,7), ángulo de cobertura anterior de+13,5° (26,2° versus 39,7°, IC 95%: 11,6 a 15,4) y el índice acetabular de -11,1° (19,5° versus 8,4°; IC 95%: -12,1 a -10,1). Además, los resultados funcionales con la escala Non-Arthritic Hip Score mejoraron en+31,3 puntos (60,7 prequirúrgico versus 92 último seguimiento posquirúrgico; IC 95%: 28,7 a 33,8). La complicación más frecuente fue la disestesia transitoria del nervio fémoro-cutáneo lateral en 10 casos (7%). CONCLUSIÓN: La osteotomía periacetabular mediante el abordaje mini-invasivo es una técnica reproducible, permite restaurar la cobertura acetabular y proporciona una mejora en las escalas funcionales según confirma nuestra serie
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an accepted and worldwide technique recognized for residual dysplasia treatment and even in unstable hips with limited acetabular coverage. The aim of this study is to analyse the functional, radiological and complication results in patients treated with mini-invasive PAO. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study in which we analysed 131 cases undergoing mini-invasive PAO at our centre. The degree of joint degeneration was evaluated with Tönnis scale, Wiberg angle, acetabular index (AI), anterior coverage angle (AC), joint space, complications and functional outcome with the Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS) were analysed preoperatively and at the end of follow-up. RESULTS: The average age was 32.3±9.5 (SD) years, 102 (77.9%) were female and 29 (22.1%) were male. 7.7±2.8 (SD) years follow up. The radiological parameters improved between the pre-surgical phase and the end of follow-up, Wiberg angle+18.5° (18.3° versus 36.8°, 95% CI 17.3 to 19.7), AC angle+13.5° (26.2° versus 39.7°, 95%CI 11.6 to 15.4) and the AI -11.1° (19.5° versus 8.4°; 95%CI -12.1 to -10,1). In addition, the functional results, with the NAHS scale, improved+31.3 points (60.7 pre-surgical versus 92 at the end of follow-up, 95% CI 28.7 to 33.8). The most common complication was transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve hypoaesthesia in 10 cases (7%). CONCLUSION: The mini-invasive PAO approach is a reproducible technique, it allows restoration of acetabular coverage and provides an improvement in functional scales as confirmed by our series
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Luxação do Quadril/cirurgia , Osteotomia/métodos , Osteotomia/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Radiografia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Período Pré-Operatório , Período Pós-OperatórioAssuntos
Pérnio/virologia , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/métodos , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/virologia , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Betacoronavirus/isolamento & purificação , Biópsia , COVID-19 , Teste para COVID-19 , Pérnio/diagnóstico , Pérnio/patologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/patologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Endotélio Vascular/patologia , Endotélio Vascular/virologia , Feminino , Pé , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Pneumonia Viral/patologia , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , SARS-CoV-2 , Pele/irrigação sanguínea , Pele/patologia , Pele/virologia , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/patologia , Glândulas Sudoríparas/patologia , Glândulas Sudoríparas/virologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an accepted and worldwide technique recognized for residual dysplasia treatment and even in unstable hips with limited acetabular coverage. The aim of this study is to analyse the functional, radiological and complication results in patients treated with mini-invasive PAO. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study in which we analysed 131 cases undergoing mini-invasive PAO at our centre. The degree of joint degeneration was evaluated with Tönnis scale, Wiberg angle, acetabular index (AI), anterior coverage angle (AC), joint space, complications and functional outcome with the Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS) were analysed preoperatively and at the end of follow-up. RESULTS: The average age was 32.3±9.5 (SD) years, 102 (77.9%) were female and 29 (22.1%) were male. 7.7±2.8 (SD) years follow up. The radiological parameters improved between the pre-surgical phase and the end of follow-up, Wiberg angle+18.5° (18.3° versus 36.8°, 95% CI 17.3 to 19.7), AC angle+13.5° (26.2° versus 39.7°, 95%CI 11.6 to 15.4) and the AI -11.1° (19.5° versus 8.4°; 95%CI -12.1 to -10,1). In addition, the functional results, with the NAHS scale, improved+31.3 points (60.7 pre-surgical versus 92 at the end of follow-up, 95% CI 28.7 to 33.8). The most common complication was transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve hypoaesthesia in 10 cases (7%). CONCLUSION: The mini-invasive PAO approach is a reproducible technique, it allows restoration of acetabular coverage and provides an improvement in functional scales as confirmed by our series.
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Acetábulo/cirurgia , Displasia do Desenvolvimento do Quadril/cirurgia , Ísquio/cirurgia , Osteotomia/métodos , Acetábulo/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Ísquio/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Posicionamento do Paciente , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Communicate the activity of telemedicine, from its opening, between a hospital consultation of infectious diseases and a penitentiary center. METHODS: Descriptive study of the tele-consultation of infectious diseases of the Alcorcón Foundation University Hospital with the Navalcarnero penitentiary center from 2013 to 2017, which is carried out by videoconference. The reason and number of consultations, diagnosis of HIV, antiretroviral treatment (ART), immunovirological situation, diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV= and intervention performed by the infectious expert were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 75 patients were evaluated in a total of 168 consultations (in the first year 11 consultations and in the fifth year 62). The index of successive / new consultations was 1.24 and 85% of the patients required less than 1 year of follow-up. 84% of patients did not move to the hospital. 99% of patients accepted this modality. 96% were HIV positive, 94% of them took ART and 85% had undetectable viral load with 532 CD4/mL of medium. 90% had positive serology for HCV. 72% of the consultations were for the assessment of HCV treatment, which was sofosbuvir/ledipasvir by 63%. 40% changed their ART (70% to avoid interactions). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the evaluated patients have HIV infection. This type of consultation has a growing demand, is efficient (avoids transfers and is decisive) and has high acceptance. The most frequent reason for consultation was the treatment of HCV and more than a third of patients required ART change.
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Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C Crônica/diagnóstico , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Prisões , Telemedicina , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Introducción: La esclerosis múltiple es una enfermedad autoinmune, crónica e inflamatoria del sistema nervioso central con desmielinización axonal, gliosis y neurodegeneración. Considerada una causa frecuente de discapacidad neurológica en adultos jóvenes. En este trabajo, se ha optimizado un modelo de encefalomielitis autoinmune experimental (EAE), mediante la inyección de glicoproteína mielínica de los oligodendrocitos (MOG35-55), se han estudiado las repercusiones oftalmológicas, y se plantea su uso como modelo de experimentación en otros estudios de degeneración de las células ganglionares (CGR) y del nervio óptico (NO). Material y métodos: Dieciséis ratones de 10 semanas en 2 grupos de estudio: grupo control 10 animales y grupo con EAE 6 animales. Al grupo EAE se le inyectó MOG35-55. Los animales del modelo EAE, fueron monitorizados mediante escalas de discapacidad motora. Las retinas y los nervios ópticos se procesaron para examen morfológico a microscopia óptica y estudio ultraestructural. Resultados: Los modelos animales presentaron clínica motora de lesión medular, apareciendo los primeros síntomas entre el 7.°-19.° día postinyección. Con un promedio de discapacidad máxima de 3,5puntos. En retina, el promedio de CGR en el grupo EAE fue de 0,0891μm frente a 0,1678μm del grupo control (p = 0,0003). El NO se vio intensamente afectado con una gliosis reactiva, aumento del daño axonal y disminución de la densidad axonal (grupo control 0,38038 axones/μm2 frente al grupo EAE 0,16 axones/μm2; p = 0,00032). Conclusiones: En este trabajo hemos caracterizado y detallado un modelo animal de EAE para el estudio de alteraciones desmielinizantes en retina y NO. Sus características lo convierten en un magnífico instrumento para el estudio de las enfermedades oftalmológicas neurodegenerativas
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune, chronic and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with axonal demyelination, gliosis and neurodegeneration. It is considered a frequent cause of neurological disability in young adults. In this work, an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model was optimised by injecting a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55). The ophthalmological effects were studied, as well as its use as an experimental model in other studies of retinal ganglion cell degeneration (RGC) and optic nerve (ON). Material and methods: The study included 16 mice of 10 weeks that were placed into 2 study groups: a control group of 10 animals and another group of 6 animals with EAE that were injected with MOG35-55. The animals of the EAE model were monitored using motor disability scales. The retinas and optic nerves were processed for morphological examination by optical microscopy and ultrastructure studies. Results: The animal models presented with motor symptoms of spinal cord injury, with the first symptoms appearing between the 7 th and 19 th day post-injection, with a maximum disability mean of 3.5 points. In the retina, the mean RGC in the EAE group was 0.0891 μm, compared with 0.1678 μm of the control group (p = .0003). The ON was strongly affected with reactive gliosis, increased axonal damage and decreased density axonal (control group 0.38038 axons/μm2 versus EAE group 0.16 axons/μm2, p = .00032). Conclusions: In this work an animal model of EAE has been characterised and detailed for the study of demyelinating alterations in the retina and the ON. Its characteristics make it an excellent tool for the study of neurodegenerative ophthalmic diseases
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Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/patologia , Nervo Óptico/patologia , Células Ganglionares da Retina/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant disease with a high prevalence worldwide. The main cause of death is not the primary tumor, but instead the spread of tumor cells to distant sites. The aim of the present study was to examine a new method for the detection of cancer cells in aqueous medium using bioimpedance spectroscopy assisted with magnetic nanoparticles (MNP's) exposure to a constant magnetic field. The spectroscopic patterns were identified for three breast cancer cell lines. Each BC cell line represents a different pathologic stage: the early stage (MCF-7), invasive phase (MDA-MB-231) and metastasis (SK-BR-3). For this purpose, bioimpedance measurements were carried out at a certain frequency range with the aid of nanoprobes, consisting of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coupled to a monoclonal antibody. The antibody was specific for the predominant cell surface protein for each cell line, which was identified by using RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. Accordingly, EpCAM corresponds to MCF-7, MUC-1 to MDA-MB-231, and HER-2 to SK-BR-3. Despite their low concentrations, BC cells could be detected by impedance spectroscopy. Hence, this methodology should permit the monitoring of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and therefore help to prevent recurrences and metastatic processes during BC treatment.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Molécula de Adesão da Célula Epitelial/genética , Mucina-1/genética , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Anticorpos Monoclonais/química , Anticorpos Monoclonais/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Espectroscopia Dielétrica , Molécula de Adesão da Célula Epitelial/metabolismo , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Células MCF-7 , Campos Magnéticos , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/química , Mucina-1/metabolismo , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patologia , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune, chronic and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with axonal demyelination, gliosis and neurodegeneration. It is considered a frequent cause of neurological disability in young adults. In this work, an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model was optimised by injecting a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55). The ophthalmological effects were studied, as well as its use as an experimental model in other studies of retinal ganglion cell degeneration (RGC) and optic nerve (ON). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 16 mice of 10 weeks that were placed into 2 study groups: a control group of 10 animals and another group of 6 animals with EAE that were injected with MOG35-55. The animals of the EAE model were monitored using motor disability scales. The retinas and optic nerves were processed for morphological examination by optical microscopy and ultrastructure studies. RESULTS: The animal models presented with motor symptoms of spinal cord injury, with the first symptoms appearing between the 7th and 19th day post-injection, with a maximum disability mean of 3.5 points. In the retina, the mean RGC in the EAE group was 0.0891µm, compared with 0.1678µm of the control group (p=.0003). The ON was strongly affected with reactive gliosis, increased axonal damage and decreased density axonal (control group 0.38038 axons/µm2 versus EAE group 0.16 axons/µm2, p=.00032). CONCLUSIONS: In this work an animal model of EAE has been characterised and detailed for the study of demyelinating alterations in the retina and the ON. Its characteristics make it an excellent tool for the study of neurodegenerative ophthalmic diseases.
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Modelos Animais de Doenças , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/patologia , Nervo Óptico/patologia , Células Ganglionares da Retina/patologia , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
This work presents the main results of two experimental campaigns carried out in summer and winter seasons in a complex pollution hotspot near a large park, El Retiro, in Madrid (Spain). These campaigns were aimed at understanding the microscale spatio-temporal variation of ambient concentration levels in areas with high pollution values to obtain data to validate models on the effect of urban trees on particulate matter concentrations. Two different measuring approaches have been used. The first one was static, with instruments continuously characterizing the meteorological variables and the particulate matter concentration outside and inside the park. During the summer campaign, the particulate matter concentration was clearly influenced by a Saharan dust outbreak during the period 23 June to 10 July 2016, when most of the particulate matter was in the fraction PM2.5-10. During the winter campaign, the mass concentrations were related to the meteorological conditions and the high atmospheric stability. The second approach was a dynamic case with mobile measurements by portable instruments. During the summer campaign, a DustTrak instrument was used to measure PM10 and PM2.5 in different transects close to and inside the park at different distances from the traffic lane. It was observed a decrease in the concentrations up to 25% at 20â¯m and 50% at 200â¯m. High PM10 values were linked to dust resuspension caused by recreational activities and to a Saharan dust outbreak. The highest PM values were measured at the Independencia square, an area with many bus stops and high traffic density. During the winter campaign, three microaethalometers were used for Black Carbon measurement. Both pollutants also showed a reduction in their concentrations when moving towards inside the park. For PM10 and PM2.5, reductions up to 50% were observed, while for BC this reduction was smaller, about 20%.
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Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar/estatística & dados numéricos , Monitoramento Ambiental , Material Particulado/análise , Poluição do Ar/análise , Cidades , Poeira , Tamanho da Partícula , Estações do Ano , EspanhaRESUMO
Las lesiones obstétricas del esfínter, son una fuente importante de morbilidad en la población obstétrica ya que más de la mitad de las afectadas reportan incontinencia anal a largo plazo. Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de la episiotomía sobre las lesiones obstétricas del esfínter anal. Material y métodos: Para la realización de esta revisión, se realizó una búsqueda en abril de 2017 en las bases de datos de Medline y Scopus, utilizando como descriptor Mesh el término «episiotomy» y como palabras clave «obstetric anal sphincter injury». Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 23 y 91 resultados en Medline y Scopus respectivamente, y tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionaron 3 artículos de Medline y 12 de Scopus. Discusión: Se analizaron los resultados obtenidos en función del tipo de estudio, tamaño muestral, tipo de episiotomía utilizado y el protocolo de uso de la misma que realizan, ya sea liberal o restrictivo, criterios de inclusión y exclusión aplicados en los estudios y las características obstétricas, demográficas y maternas recogidas entre las cuales se encuentran el tipo de parto, la edad gestacional y materna, la etnia, la paridad, el uso de epidural, una duración de la segunda etapa del parto, el IMC materno y el tamaño fetal. Conclusiones: La episiotomía parece perfilarse como un factor protector de las lesiones obstétricas del esfínter anal
Obstetric sphincter injuries are a significant source of morbidity in the obstetrics population, as more than half of those affected report long-term anal incontinence. Objective: To determine the effects of episiotomy on obstetric lesions of the anal sphincter. Material and methods: In order to perform this review, a search made in April 2017 in the Medline and Scopus databases, using "episiotomy" as the Mesh descriptor, and the words, "obstetric anal sphincter injury". Results: A total of 23 and 91 results were obtained in Medline and Scopus, respectively, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 3 Medline and 12 Scopus articles were selected. Discussion: The results were analysed according to the type of study, sample size, type of episiotomy performed and the protocol used for it, whether liberal or restrictive. Inclusion and exclusion criteria applied in studies, and the obstetric, demographic and maternal characteristics, including type of delivery, gestational and maternal age, ethnicity, parity, epidural type, the duration of the second stage of labour, maternal and foetal size. Conclusions: Episiotomy seems to be a protective factor for obstetric lesions of the anal sphincter
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Episiotomia/métodos , Episiotomia/tendências , Canal Anal/cirurgia , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Canal Anal/lesões , Estudos Retrospectivos , Razão de Chances , Idade GestacionalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Operative interventions are uncommonly required for penetrating pulmonary injuries. Similarly, because their incidence is low, few series appear sporadically in the literature. Objectives of this study are to identify predictors of outcome for patients requiring emergent thoracotomy for penetrating pulmonary injuries and evaluate the use of tissue sparing versus resective techniques for their management. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective 169-month study of all patients with penetrating pulmonary injuries requiring thoracotomy. The main outcome measures are: physiologic parameters, AAST-OIS injury grade, surgical procedures and mortality. Statistical analysis includes univariate and stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS: 101 patients required thoracotomy for penetrating pulmonary injuries. Mechanism of injury includes: gunshot wounds (GSW)-73 (72%), stab wounds (SW)-28 (33%). Mean systolic BP 97 ± 47, mean HR 92 ± 47, and mean admission pH 7.22 ± 0.17. Mean RTS 6.25 ± 2.7, mean ISS 36 ± 22. The mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 5277 ± 4955 mls. Predictors of outcome are: admission pH (p = 0.0014), admission base deficit (p < 0.0001), packed red blood cells (PRBCs) transfused (p = 0.023), whole blood transfused (p < 0.01). A total of 143 procedures were required in 101 patients: tissue sparing 114 (80%) versus resective procedures 29 (20%). Only pneumonectomy (p = 0.024) predicted outcome. Overall survival 64/101-64%. American Association for the Surgery of Trauma-Organ Injury Scale (AAST-OIS) injury grades I-III versus IV-VI predicts survival (p < 0.001). Stepwise logistic regression identified AAST-OIS injury grades IV-VI (p = 0.007; OR 6.38 [95% CI 1.64-24.78]), intraoperative dysrhythmias (p = 0.003; OR 17.38 [95% CI 2.59-116.49]) and associated cardiac injuries (p = 0.02; OR 8.74 [95% CI 1.37-55.79]) as independent predictors of outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Predictors of outcome for penetrating pulmonary injuries requiring thoracotomy are identified and must be taken into account in their operative management. Tissue sparing techniques-stapled pulmonary tractotomy is once again validated, and it remains effective as the mainstay for their management; however, only pneumonectomy predicts outcome. AAST-OIS injury grades IV-VI predict outcome with higher injury grades requiring resective procedures.
Assuntos
Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Lesão Pulmonar/cirurgia , Toracotomia , Traqueostomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos Penetrantes/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Lesão Pulmonar/mortalidade , Lesão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Toracotomia/mortalidade , Índices de Gravidade do Trauma , Resultado do Tratamento , Ferimentos Penetrantes/mortalidade , Ferimentos Penetrantes/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a unique G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by extracellular Ca2+ and by other physiological cations including Mg2+, amino acids, and polyamines. CaSR is the most important master controller of the extracellular Ca2+ homeostatic system being expressed at high levels in the parathyroid gland, kidney, gut and bone, where it regulates parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, vitamin D synthesis, and Ca2+ absorption and resorption, respectively. Gain and loss of function mutations in the CaSR are responsible for severe disturbances in extracellular Ca2+ metabolism. CaSR agonists (calcimimetics) and antagonists (calcilytics) are in use or under intense research for treatment of hyperparathyroidism secondary to kidney failure and hypocalcemia with hypercalciuria, respectively. Expression of the CaSR extends to other tissues and systems beyond the extracellular Ca2+ homeostatic system including the cardiovascular system, the airways, and the nervous system where it may play physiological functions yet to be fully understood. As a consequence, CaSR has been recently involved in different pathologies including uncontrolled blood pressure, vascular calcification, asthma, and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, the CaSR has been shown to play a critical role in cancer either contributing to bone metastasis and/or acting as a tumor suppressor in some forms of cancer (parathyroid cancer, colon cancer, and neuroblastoma) and as oncogene in others (breast and prostate cancers). Here we review the role of CaSR in health and disease in calciotropic tissues and others beyond the extracellular calcium homeostatic system.
Assuntos
Doença , Saúde , Receptores de Detecção de Cálcio/metabolismo , Animais , Células/metabolismo , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Receptores de Detecção de Cálcio/químicaRESUMO
Introducción: Existe un creciente interés en las nuevas estrategias terapéuticas para la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) orientadas a reducir la carga de péptido β-amiloide (Aβ) en el cerebro mediante el secuestro de Aβ en el plasma, un alto porcentaje del cual se encuentra unido a albúmina y otras proteínas plasmáticas. En esta revisión, se analizan los conceptos de interacción entre Aβ y albúmina que han conducido al desarrollo del proyecto AMBAR (Alzheimer Management By Albumin Replacement), un nuevo estudio clínico multicéntrico, aleatorizado y controlado para el tratamiento de la EA. Desarrollo: Resultados de estudios de investigación básica indican que Albutein(R) (albúmina terapéutica, Grifols) contiene niveles no cuantificables de Aβ. Asimismo demuestran la capacidad de Albutein(R) de unirse a Aβ. Por otro lado, en la EA existe un elevado estrés nitro-oxidativo asociado a los agregados fibrilares de Aβ que puede inducir la modificación de la albúmina, afectando a sus funciones biológicas. Resultados del estudio en fase II confirman que el reemplazo de la albúmina endógena con Albutein(R) 5% mediante aféresis terapéutica es factible y seguro en pacientes con EA, produciendo una movilización de Aβ, además de una mejoría cognitiva de los pacientes tratados. En el estudio AMBAR se ensayará el uso combinado de aféresis terapéutica y hemoféresis con el posible efecto potenciador de Albutein(R) con reposición de inmunoglobulina por vía intravenosa (Flebogamma ® DIF). Se evaluarán los cambios cognitivos, funcionales y conductuales en pacientes con EA leve o moderada. Conclusiones: El estudio AMBAR representa una nueva perspectiva terapéutica ante la EA
Introduction: There is a growing interest in new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) which focus on reducing the beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) burden in the brain by sequestering plasma Aβ, a large proportion of which is bound to albumin and other proteins. This review discusses the concepts of interaction between Aβ and albumin that have given rise to AMBAR (Alzheimer's Disease Management by Albumin Replacement) project, a new multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical trial for the treatment of AD. Development: Results from preliminary research suggest that Albutein(R) (therapeutic albumin, Grifols) contains no quantifiable levels of Aβ. Studies also show that Albutein(R) has Aβ binding capacity. On the other hand, AD entails a high level of nitro-oxidative stress associated with fibrillar aggregates of Aβ that can induce albumin modification, thus affecting its biological functions. Results from the phase II study confirm that using therapeutic apheresis to replace endogenous albumin with Albutein(R) 5% is feasible and safe in patients with AD. This process resulted in mobilisation of Aβ and cognitive improvement in treated patients. The AMBAR study will test combination therapy with therapeutic apheresis and haemopheresis with the possible leverage effect of Albutein(R) with intravenous immunoglobulin replacement (Flebogamma® DIF). Cognitive, functional, and behavioural changes in patients with mild to moderate AD will be assessed. Conclusions: the AMBAR study represents a new therapeutic perspective for AD
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doença de Alzheimer/terapia , Remoção de Componentes Sanguíneos/instrumentação , Remoção de Componentes Sanguíneos/métodos , Albuminas/uso terapêutico , Imunoglobulinas/uso terapêutico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/instrumentação , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção EnzimáticaAssuntos
Abscesso/etiologia , Abscesso/microbiologia , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/efeitos adversos , Citrobacter freundii , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/etiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/microbiologia , Abscesso/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diafragma , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa after a trauma is a rare event. The lack of appropriate treatment can lead to ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We report about a case of TMJ ankylosis following intracranial dislocation of the mandibular condyle through the roof of the articular fossa. CASE REPORT: A 9-year-old patient was referred for a severe limitation of mouth opening that began progressively one year before. A history of chin injury due to an accidental fall was found. Preoperative CT scan showed a TMJ ankylosis on the right side combined with a dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa. Treatment consisted in an intracranial resection of the mandibular condyle, partial removal of the ankylosis block and TMJ arthroplasty. DISCUSSION: Our case is the second case of TMJ ankylosis following intracranial dislocation of the mandibular condyle and treated with arthroplasty alone published in the English literature. There is no consensus regarding the pathophysiology of TMJ ankylosis and regarding the attitude towards the ankylosis block. In our case, no recurrence was noticed after a one-year follow-up. An interdisciplinary approach is needed, including maxillofacial surgeon, neurosurgeon, physiotherapist and orthodontist.