The impact of filamentous plant pathogens on the host microbiota.

When a pathogen invades a plant, it encounters a diverse microbiota with some members contributing to the health and growth of the plant host. So far, the relevance of interactions between pathogens and the plant microbiota are poorly understood; however, new lines of evidence suggest that pathogens play an important role in shaping the microbiome of their host during invasion. This review aims to summarize recent findings that document changes in microbial community composition during the invasion of filamentous pathogens in plant tissues. We explore the known mechanisms of interaction between plant pathogens and the host microbiota that underlie these changes, particularly the pathogen-encoded traits that are produced to target specific microbes. Moreover, we discuss the limitations of current strategies and shed light on new perspectives to study the complex interaction networks between filamentous pathogens and the plant microbiome.

Desert plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and associated bacteria: Exploring the diversity and role of symbiosis under drought.

Desert plants, such as Agave tequilana, A. salmiana and Myrtillocactus geometrizans, can survive harsh environmental conditions partly due to their symbiotic relationships with microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Interestingly, some of these fungi also harbour endosymbiotic bacteria. Our research focused on investigating the diversity of these AMFs and their associated bacteria in these plants growing in arid soil. We found that agaves have a threefold higher AMF colonization than M. geometrizans. Metabarcoding techniques revealed that the composition of AMF communities was primarily influenced by the plant host, while the bacterial communities were more affected by the specific plant compartment or niche they inhabited. We identified both known and novel endofungal bacterial taxa, including Burkholderiales, and confirmed their presence within AMF spores using multiphoton microscopy. Our study also explored the effects of drought on the symbiosis between A. tequilana and AMF. We discovered that the severity of drought conditions could modulate the strength of this symbiosis and its outcomes for the plant holobiont. Severe drought conditions prevented the formation of this symbiosis, while moderate drought conditions promoted it, thereby conferring drought tolerance in A. tequilana. This research sheds light on the diversity of AMF and associated bacteria in Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) plants and underscores the crucial role of drought as a factor modulating the symbiosis between A. tequilana and AMF. Further research is needed to understand the role of endofungal bacteria in this response.

Relationship between aging and excess body fat with markers of inflammation, skeletal muscle mass and strength in Mexican community-dwelling people.

INTRODUCTION: Aging is accompanied by changes in body composition, such as an increase in fat mass (FM), a decrease in skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) and muscle strength, combined with a chronic inflammatory process (CI). OBJECTIVE: Determine the relationship between age and excess body fat with markers of chronic inflammation, skeletal muscle mass and strength. METHODS: A cross-sectional alitical study was carried out in a convenience sample of adults 45 to 59 years old (n = 100) and older adults 60 to 74 years old (n = 133). All participants had their body composition measured with an impedance meter. They were subsequently divided into two groups: (i) with excess fat (WEF), (ii) without excess fat (NEF), in order to relate excess fat and age with inflammation, muscle mass and strength. RESULTS: NEF adults and older adults had similar values of SMMI (9.1 ± 1.5 vs. 8.8 ± 1.3, p > 0.05) and strength (28 ± 8 vs. 27 ± 8.6, p > 0.05). Likewise, WEF adults showed significantly lower values than NEF adults in the SMMI (7.9 ± 0.8 vs. 9.1 ± 1.5, p < 0.05) and strength (28 ± 8 vs. 22 ± 5, p < 0.001). Also, WEF older adults presented significantly lower values in the SMMI (15.9 ± 1.8 vs. 22.8 ± 5.1, p < 0.05) and strength (17.9 ± 4.8 vs. 27 ± 8.6, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that excess fat mass is a risk factor that has a significantly greater influence than aging per se on the index of skeletal muscle mass and strength.

Is Aging a Disease? A Critical Review Within the Framework of Ageism.

Ageism is a type of discrimination characterized by negative social representations of old age and aging, with prejudices and stereotypes that cause rejection and marginalization of older adults, generally considering them as fragile and unproductive. For this reason, it is recognized as one of the main enemies of healthy aging, especially when it arises from the scientific and professional fields. In this sense, the proposals promoted by some researchers regarding the World Health Organization (WHO) classifying aging as a disease goes against the healthy aging approach. In this sense, we consider that there is no theoretical or scientific support to classify aging as a disease, so we must advocate before the WHO so that aging is eliminated within its disease classification codes. In this framework, this review proposes the concept of "hallmarks of ageism" defined as the characteristics, representations and attitudes of rejection and discrimination towards aging, old age and older people, at the political and institutional, scientific or professional, technological and digital, social, family and personal levels, which are presented in an articulated and structured manner. For this reason, it is essential to comprehensively identify and analyze the "hallmarks of ageism", in order to propose programs that include strategies and public policies that promote "anti-ageism" as a counterproposal to the "hallmarks of aging", whose biological changes related to aging are intended to be comparable to chronic non-communicable diseases.

Effect of Exercise Programs on Physical Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with and without Frailty: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The measurement of physical performance constitutes an indicator of the physical functional capacity of older adults with and without frailty. AIM: To present a synthesis of knowledge on the effect of exercise programs on physical performance in older adults with and without frailty in the community. METHOD: A systematic review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA-2020 criteria. The search for articles was made until 4 May 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SciELO and LILACS. The outcome variable was physical performance, measured through the SPPB (Short Physical Performance Battery). The mean difference (MD) was estimated to evaluate the effect. RESULT: We found 2483 studies, of which 12 met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review and 9 for the meta-analysis. The effect of exercise on SPPB scores was significantly higher in the exercise group compared to control in non-frail older adults with MD = 0.51 [95% CI, 0.05 to 0.96, p < 0.05]. Likewise, in older adults with frailty, the effect of exercise on the global SPPB score was significantly higher in the exercise group compared to the control with MD = 0.66 [95% CI, 0.09 to 1.24, p < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that exercise programs are effective in increasing and/or maintaining physical performance in older adults with and without frailty, whose effect is more evident in older adults with frailty, probably due to the greater margin of recovery of intrinsic capacity. This systematic review shows the differentiated effect of exercise training on physical performance in older adults with and without frailty. Scientific evidence reinforces the importance of implementing physical exercise programs in all older adults, including those who are frail. However, it is necessary to specify the types and doses (duration, frequency and intensity), for individualized groups, previously grouped according to the SPPB score.

Endocardite Infecciosa por Haemophilus parainfluenza / Infectious endocarditis caused by Haemophilus parainfluenza

A endocardite infecciosa por bactérias do grupo HACEK - Haemophilus spp. (excluindo Haemophilus influenza), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens e Kingella kingae é rara. Os pacientes acometidos são mais jovens e costumam ter fatores predisponentes, como por exemplo doenças cardíacas. A infecção caracteriza-se por um curso clínico insidioso, de apresentação subaguda, com atraso médio no diagnóstico de um a três meses, o que pode estar relacionado à formação de vegetações valvares com maior tamanho e consequente maior risco de embolização. Este relato descreve um caso de uma menina jovem, previamente hígida, cuja queixa clínica principal era cefaleia com febre. A suspeita diagnóstica surgiu apenas após o crescimento de H. parainfluenza em hemocultura, confirmada pela visualização ecocardiográfica de uma vegetação aderida ao folheto posterior da valva mitral. Houve boa resposta clínica ao tratamento com ceftriaxone por seis semanas, no entanto foi necessária a cirurgia para troca valvar depois de três meses.

Efecto del resveratrol sobre las funciones cognitivas en adultos mayores: una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis / Effect of resveratrol on cognitive functions in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introducción: el resveratrol tiene múltiples efectos beneficiosos en diferentes sistemas del organismo, incluido el nervioso central, sin embargo, los resultados reportados sobre el efecto en las funciones cognitivas en adultos mayores son inconsistentes. Por lo anterior, el propósito de esta revisión sistemática es presentar una síntesis del conocimiento sobre los efectos del resveratrol en las funciones cognitivas en adultos mayores. Método: se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática acorde con los criterios de PRISMA-2009. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó hasta el 7 de septiembre de 2021 en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SciELO y TESIUNAM. Las variables de desenlace fueron memoria diferida, inmediata y de trabajo y velocidad del procesamiento. Se estimó la diferencia de medias estandarizadas (DME) para evaluar el efecto. Resultados: se encontraron 1.065 estudios, de los cuales seis cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad para la revisión sistemática y metaanálisis. No se encontró un efecto significativo en la memoria diferida (DME = 0,69, IC 95 %: 0,85-2,23, p = 0,38), memoria inmediata (DME = 0,56, IC 95 %: -0,20-1,31, p = 0,15), memoria de trabajo (DME = -0,21, IC 95 %: -0,74-0,32, p = 0,43) y velocidad de procesamiento (DME = 0,25, IC 95 %: -0,58-1,07, p = 0,55). Conclusión: nuestros resultados sugieren que el resveratrol no tiene un efecto sobre las funciones cognitivas en adultos mayores. No obstante, es necesario realizar más estudios con diferentes dosis, tipos de formulación del nutracéutico y tiempo de tratamiento. (AU)

Introduction: resveratrol has multiple beneficial effects on different body systems, including the central nervous system, however, the results reported on the effect on cognitive functions in older adults are inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to present a synthesis of knowledge about the effect of resveratrol on cognitive functions in older adults. Method: a systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA-2009 criteria. The search for articles was carried out until September 7, 2021 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SciELO, and TESIUNAM. The outcome variables were delayed, immediate, and working memory, and processing speed. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was estimated to assess the effect. Results: one thousand sixty-five studies were found, of which six met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review and meta-analysis. No significant effect was found on delayed memory (SMD = 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.85-2.23, p = 0.38), immediate memory (SMD = 0.56, 95 % CI: -0.20-1.31, p = 0.15), working memory (SMD = -0.21, 95 % CI: -0.74-0.32, p = 0.43) and processing speed (SMD = 0.25, 95 % CI: -0.58-1.07, p = 0.55). Conclusion: our results suggest that resveratrol does not have an effect on cognitive functions in older adults, however, it is necessary to carry out more studies with different doses, type of nutraceutic. (AU)

Confiabilidad de cuestionarios electrónicos para evaluar calidad de vida y actitudes hacia la vejez en mujeres de 40 a 69 años / Reliability of electronic questionnaires to evaluate quality of life and attitudes towards old age in women aged 40 to 69 years

Introducción: el uso de cuestionarios electrónicos se ha convertido en algo común, sin embargo, depende de diversos factores (como la edad y las habilidades digitales), por lo que es necesario determinar la confiabilidad de estos instrumentos para su aplicación. Objetivo: determinar la concordancia y reproducibilidad de los cuestionarios Calidad de vida breve de la OMS (WHOQoL-B) y Actitudes autoevaluadas hacia la vejez (AAV) en formato electrónico para su aplicación vía remota a mujeres de edad madura y adulta mayor. Metodología: se realizó un estudio instrumental con el método test-retest con 35 mujeres (40-69 años). Se transfirieron ambos cuestionarios a un formulario de Google y se enviaron vía WhatsAppen dos ocasiones, con una diferencia mayor a 15 días entre la aplicación. Se calcularon los parámetros de confiabilidad por estabilidad temporal y concordancia estadística. Resultados: el WHOQoL-B obtuvo a y CCI = 0.880 y r = 0.785 en la calificación total; para sus dimensiones a > 0.740 y r > 0.590. La calificación total del AAV mostró a y CCI = 0.708 y r = 0.552 y sus dimensiones a > 0.710 y r de 0.295 a 0.508. Conclusiones: los cuestionarios WHOQoL-B y AAV en formato electrónico pueden ser utilizados para aplicación vía remota, aunque el AAV es menos consistente...(AU)

Abstract Introduction: The electronic tests have been used on a regular basis, although their use depends on several factors such as age and digital ability, therefore it is necessary to determine the confidence of these instruments for their application. Objective: To determine the agreement and reproducibility of the WHO Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQoL-B) and the Self-Assessed Attitudes Towards Old Age (SATO) questionnaires in electronic format for application in middle-aged and older women. Methods: An instrumental study with a test-retest method was carried out with 35 women (40-69 years). Both questionnaires were transferred to a Google form and sent to the women by WhatsApp twice with a difference of more than 15 days between applications. We calculate the confidence by temporal stability and the statistical agreement. Results: For the WHOQoL-B, an a and ICC= 0.880, and r = 0.785 were obtained in the total rating; for their dimensions the result for a was > 0.740, and r > 0.590. The total rating of SATO shows an a and ICC= 0.708, and r = 0.552; for their dimensions, the a was > 0.710, and r from 0.295 to 0.508. Conclusions: The electronic tests WHOQoL and SATO can be used for remote application, although SATO is less consistent.

The Supplementation of Sechium edule var. nigrum spinosum (Chayote) Promotes Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Protection in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome.

The aim was to determine the effect of Sechium edule var. nigrum spinosum (chayote) on gene expression related to antioxidant protection mechanisms and the inflammatory process in older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). A quasi-experimental study was carried out in a convenience sample of 46 older adults diagnosed with MetS: (i) placebo group (PG; n = 20); (ii) experimental group (EG; n = 26). The clinical, biochemical, anthropometric parameters and SOD, GPx, and CAT enzyme activity, alongside total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α), and mRNA expression of SOD, GPx, CAT, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, Nrf2, NFkB p50, and NFkB p65, were measured at baseline and 6 months post-intervention. A statistically significant decrease was observed in TOS (baseline, 28.9 ± 3.6 vs. post, 23.7 ± 3.4, p < 0.01) and OSI (baseline, 24.1 ± 3.8 vs. post, 17.7 ± 4), as well as an increase in IL-6 (baseline, 10.7 ± 1.1 vs. post, 12.3 ± 2, p = 0.03), SOD activity (baseline, 167.1 ± 11.9 vs. post, 180.6 ± 7.6, p < 0.05), CAT activity (baseline, 1.0 ± 0.2 vs. post, 1.3 ± 0.2, p < 0.01), and TAS (baseline, 1.1 ± 0.1 vs. post, 1.4 ± 0.1, p < 0.01) in the EG compared to the PG. Regarding the expression of Nrf2, SOD, and IL-6, the EG showed a significant increase vs. basal levels (47%, 44%, and 43%, respectively). Our findings suggest that Sechium edule supplementation promotes the antioxidant response and decreases oxidative stress via Nrf2.

[Effect of resveratrol on cognitive functions in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis]. / Efecto del resveratrol sobre las funciones cognitivas en adultos mayores: una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis.

Introduction: Introduction: resveratrol has multiple beneficial effects on different body systems, including the central nervous system, however, the results reported on the effect on cognitive functions in older adults are inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to present a synthesis of knowledge about the effect of resveratrol on cognitive functions in older adults. Method: a systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA-2009 criteria. The search for articles was carried out until September 7, 2021 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SciELO, and TESIUNAM. The outcome variables were delayed, immediate, and working memory, and processing speed. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was estimated to assess the effect. Results: one thousand sixty-five studies were found, of which six met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review and meta-analysis. No significant effect was found on delayed memory (SMD = 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.85-2.23, p = 0.38), immediate memory (SMD = 0.56, 95 % CI: -0.20-1.31, p = 0.15), working memory (SMD = -0.21, 95 % CI: -0.74-0.32, p = 0.43) and processing speed (SMD = 0.25, 95 % CI: -0.58-1.07, p = 0.55). Conclusion: our results suggest that resveratrol does not have an effect on cognitive functions in older adults, however, it is necessary to carry out more studies with different doses, type of nutraceutical formulation and treatment time.

Introducción: Introducción: el resveratrol tiene múltiples efectos beneficiosos en diferentes sistemas del organismo, incluido el nervioso central, sin embargo, los resultados reportados sobre el efecto en las funciones cognitivas en adultos mayores son inconsistentes. Por lo anterior, el propósito de esta revisión sistemática es presentar una síntesis del conocimiento sobre los efectos del resveratrol en las funciones cognitivas en adultos mayores. Método: se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática acorde con los criterios de PRISMA-2009. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó hasta el 7 de septiembre de 2021 en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SciELO y TESIUNAM. Las variables de desenlace fueron memoria diferida, inmediata y de trabajo y velocidad del procesamiento. Se estimó la diferencia de medias estandarizadas (DME) para evaluar el efecto. Resultados: se encontraron 1.065 estudios, de los cuales seis cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad para la revisión sistemática y metaanálisis. No se encontró un efecto significativo en la memoria diferida (DME = 0,69, IC 95 %: 0,85-2,23, p = 0,38), memoria inmediata (DME = 0,56, IC 95 %: -0,20-1,31, p = 0,15), memoria de trabajo (DME = -0,21, IC 95 %: -0,74-0,32, p = 0,43) y velocidad de procesamiento (DME = 0,25, IC 95 %: -0,58-1,07, p = 0,55). Conclusión: nuestros resultados sugieren que el resveratrol no tiene un efecto sobre las funciones cognitivas en adultos mayores. No obstante, es necesario realizar más estudios con diferentes dosis, tipos de formulación del nutracéutico y tiempo de tratamiento.

Advanced Activities of Daily Living in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS 2018).

BACKGROUND: The advanced activities of daily living (AADLs) in old age is a key indicator of the mobility domain for the intrinsic capacity of older adults living in the community; for this reason, it is relevant to know the prevalence and risk factors related to performing fewer AADLs in different populations. AIM: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with the ability to perform AADLs in older adults reported in the Mexican Study of Health and Aging (MSHA 2018). METHODS: A secondary cross-sectional analysis of the MSHA 2018 data was carried out, including a convenience sample of 6474 subjects ≥ 60 years of age, for both sexes, without cognitive deficits. Nine questions related to AADLs were selected from the database. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with <3 AADLs, including sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health status factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of the ability to perform <3 AADLs was 63%. Age is the most important risk factor for <3 AADLs, which increases by the decade, followed by sedentary lifestyle (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.91-2.42, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that age, schooling, urban residence, sedentary lifestyle, and comorbidity are the main risk factors for <3 AADLs in older Mexican adults.

Effects of green tea polyphenols against metal-induced genotoxic damage: underlying mechanistic pathways.

This review is based upon evidence from the published effects of green tea polyphenols (GTP) on genotoxic damage induced by metals with carcinogenic potential. First, the relationship between GTP and antioxidant defense system is provided. Subsequently, the processes involved in the oxidative stress generated by metals and their relationship to oxidative DNA damage is examined. The review demonstrated that GTP generally decrease oxidative DNA damage induced by exposure to metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb). The pathways involved in these effects are related to: (1) direct scavenging of free radicals (FR); (2) activation of mechanisms to repair oxidative DNA damage; (3) regulation of the endogenous antioxidant system; and (4) elimination of cells with genetic damage via apoptosis. The results obtained in the studies reviewed demonstrate potential for possible use of GTP to prevent and treat oxidative damage in populations exposed to metals. Further, GTP may be considered as adjuvants to treatments for metal-associated diseases related to oxidative stress and DNA damage.

Detection of Insomnia and Its Relationship with Cognitive Impairment, Depression, and Quality of Life in Older Community-Dwelling Mexicans.

Sleep disturbances are one of the most frequent health problems in old age, among which insomnia stands out. It is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, frequent awakenings, or waking up too early and not having restful sleep, which may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment and depression, affecting functionality and quality of life. Insomnia is a very complex multifactorial problem that requires a multi- and interdisciplinary approach. However, it is frequently not diagnosed in older community-dwelling people, increasing the risk of psychological, cognitive, and quality of life alterations. The aim was to detect insomnia and its relationship with cognitive impairment, depression, and quality of life in older community-dwelling Mexicans. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in 107 older adults from Mexico City. The following screening instruments were applied: Athens Insomnia Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire WHOQoL-Bref, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory. The frequency of insomnia detected was 57% and its relationship with cognitive impairment, depression, and low quality of life was 31% (OR = 2.5, 95% CI, 1.1-6.6. p < 0.05), 41% (OR = 7.3, 95% CI, 2.3-22.9, p < 0.001), and 59% (OR = 2.5, 95% CI, 1.1-5.4, p < 0.05), respectively. Our findings suggest that insomnia is a frequent clinical disorder that is not diagnosed and a significant risk factor for cognitive decline, depression, and poor quality of life.

The consumption of Sechium edule (chayote) has antioxidant effect and prevents telomere attrition in older adults with metabolic syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of the consumption of Sechium edule (1.5 g/day) for six months on oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation markers and its association with telomere length (TL) in older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS: The study was conducted in a sample of 48 older adults: placebo (EP) and experimental (EG) groups. Lipoperoxides, protein carbonylation, 8-OHdG, total oxidant status (TOS), SOD, GPx, H2O2 inhibition, total antioxidant status (TAS), inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL10, TNF-α), and TL were measured before and six months post-treatment. RESULTS: We found a significant decrease in the levels of lipoperoxides, protein carbonylation, 8-OHdG, TOS in the EG in comparison PG. Likewise, a significante increase of TAS, IL-6, and IL-10 levels was found at six months post-treatment in EG in comparison with PG. TL showed a statistically significant decrease in PG compared to post-treatment EG. CONCLUSIONS: Our findigns showed that the supplementation of Sechium edule has antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, and diminushion of shortening of telomeric DNA in older adults with MetS. This would be the first study that shows that the intervention with Sechium edule has a possible geroprotective effect by preventing telomeres from shortening as usually happens in these patients. Therefore, suggesting a protection of telomeric DNA and genomic DNA.

Effect of Resveratrol on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Sirtuin 1 in Elderly Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects a large part of the adult population and impairs its quality of life. Because of this, natural compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic properties have been used as adjuvants. Among these compounds, resveratrol (RV) stands out, a polyphenol that has been studied in several clinical trials, the results of which are controversial. We conducted a randomized clinical trial on 97 older adults with T2D to evaluate the effect of RV on oxidative stress markers and sirtuin 1, using doses of 1000 mg/day (EG1000, n = 37) and 500 mg/day (EG500, n = 32) compared with a placebo (PG, n = 28). Biochemical markers, oxidative stress and sirtuin 1 levels were measured at baseline and after six months. We observed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant gap, the percentage of subjects without oxidant stress and sirtuin 1 levels in EG1000. In the PG, we observed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in lipoperoxides, isoprostanes and C-reactive protein levels. An increase in the oxidative stress score and in the percentage of subjects with mild and moderate oxidative stress was observed too. Our findings suggest that 1000 mg/day of RV exerts a more efficient antioxidant effect than 500 mg/day.

Aging, Physical Exercise, Telomeres, and Sarcopenia: A Narrative Review.

Human aging is a gradual and adaptive process characterized by a decrease in the homeostatic response, leading to biochemical and molecular changes that are driven by hallmarks of aging, such as oxidative stress (OxS), chronic inflammation, and telomere shortening. One of the diseases associated with the hallmarks of aging, which has a great impact on functionality and quality of life, is sarcopenia. However, the relationship between telomere length, sarcopenia, and age-related mortality has not been extensively studied. Moderate physical exercise has been shown to have a positive effect on sarcopenia, decreasing OxS and inflammation, and inducing protective effects on telomeric DNA. This results in decreased DNA strand breaks, reduced OxS and IA, and activation of repair pathways. Higher levels of physical activity are associated with an apparent increase in telomere length. This review aims to present the current state of the art of knowledge on the effect of physical exercise on telomeric maintenance and activation of repair mechanisms in sarcopenia.

IL-23 signaling is not an important driver of liver inflammation and fibrosis in murine non-alcoholic steatohepatitis models.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), represents an unmet medical need that can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which, without intervention, can result in the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Inflammation is a pathological hallmark of NASH, and targeting key inflammatory mediators of NASH may lead to potential therapeutics for the disease. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of IL-23 signaling in NASH progression in murine models. We showed that recombinant IL-23 can promote IL-17 producing cell expansion in the liver and that these cells are predominately γδ T cells and Mucosal Associated Invariant T cells (MAITs). Reciprocally, we found that IL-23 signaling is necessary for the expansion of γδ T cells and MAIT cells in the western diet (WD) diet induced NASH model. However, we did not observe any significant differences in liver inflammation and fibrosis between wild type and Il23r-/- mice in the same NASH model. Furthermore, we found that Il23r deletion does not impact liver inflammation and fibrosis in the choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined and high-fat diet (CDA-HFD) induced NASH model. Based on these findings, we therefore propose that IL-23 signaling is not necessary for NASH pathogenesis in preclinical models and targeting this pathway alone may not be an effective therapeutic approach to ameliorate the disease progression in NASH patients.

Influence of Age and Dose on the Effect of Resveratrol for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Several clinical trials have suggested that resveratrol has hypoglycemic properties; however, there are other studies in which such an effect has not been observed. Methods: We carried out a systematic search in several databases; seventeen studies were selected for the systematic review and fifteen were included in the meta-analysis. Results: Resveratrol decreases glucose levels in subjects aged 45−59 years at doses <250 mg/day (−8.64 mg/dL, p < 0.00001), 250−500 mg/day (−22.24 mg/dL, p = 0.0003), and 500−1000 mg/day (−28.40 mg/dL, p = 0.0008), while in subjects older than 60 years, it only decreases with doses of 250−500 mg/day. Likewise, HbA1c improved in subjects aged 45−59 years with doses of 250−500 mg (−0.60%, p < 0.00001), but not in subjects older than 60 years. Insulin levels improved in subjects aged 45−59 years with doses < 250 mg/day (−0.80 mIU/L, p = 0.0003) and doses of 250−500 mg/day (−5.0 mIU/L, p = 0.0003), although in subjects older than 60 years, they only improved with doses of 250−500 mg/day (−1.79 mIU/L, p = 0.01). On the other hand, HOMA-IR only improved in subjects older than 60 years with doses of 250−500 mg/day (−0.40, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Resveratrol has a statistically significant dose−response effect on glucose concentrations, HbA1c, and insulin levels; however, there is not enough scientific evidence to propose a therapeutic dose.

Protective Effect of Resveratrol against Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Genotoxic Damage in Hsd:ICR Male Mice.

The aim of this study is to examine the ability of resveratrol to counteract hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-induced genetic damage, as well as the possible pathways associated with this protection. Hsd:ICR male mice are divided into groups of the following five individuals each: (a) control 1, distilled water; (b) control 2, ethanol 30%; (c) resveratrol, 50 mg/kg by gavage; (d) CrO3, 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally; (e) resveratrol + CrO3, resveratrol administered 4 h prior to CrO3. The assessment is performed on peripheral blood. Micronuclei (MN) kinetics are measured from 0 to 72 h, while 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adduct repair levels, endogenous antioxidant system biomarkers, and apoptosis frequency were quantified after 48 h. Resveratrol reduces the frequency of Cr(VI)-induced MN and shows significant effects on the 8-OHdG adduct levels, suggesting that cell repair could be enhanced by this polyphenol. Concomitant administration of resveratrol and Cr(VI) results in a return of the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase to control levels, accompanied by modifications of superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels. Thus, antioxidant properties might play an important role in resveratrol-mediated inhibition of Cr(VI)-induced oxidant genotoxicity. The increase in apoptotic cells and the decrease in necrosis further confirmed that resveratrol effectively blocks the actions of Cr(VI).

Relationship between Self-Perception of Aging and Quality of Life in the Different Stages of Reproductive Aging in Mexican Women.

Biological aging has an abrupt beginning in women, changing their body and perceptions, which are not accepted easily because the actual stereotypes are focused on youth and anti-aging. Our interest was to explore what the self-perception of aging (SPA) is in middle-aged women throughout the reproductive aging stages and their association with the quality of life. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 240 women (40−69 years) living in Mexico City, who were separated according to their reproductive aging stage. An electronic version of the Spanish version of the Self-rated Attitudes Towards Old Age (SATO) and the WHO Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQoL) was applied to these women and was sent by WhatsApp or email. Seventeen women of the total sample (7%) had a negative self-perception of aging. There is an association between SATO and WHOQoL (r = −0.273, p < 0.0001), but in the menopausal transition stage, the association is strong in the psychological subscale, and after menopause, early and late postmenopausal women show a better association in the social subscale. Negative SPA impacts the WHOQoL psychological dimension and not the total WHOQoL score. Our findings suggest an association between SPA and quality of life in different reproductive aging stages.