Topical Adipose Mesenchymal Stem cell metabolites regulate the expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, EGF, TGF-ß in oral mucosa ulcer rat model.

Objective: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1 and -9), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and Transforming Growth factor (TGF)-ß are expressed in the oral ulcer wound-healing process. The Adipose mesenchymal stem cell metabolites (AdMSCMs) may accelerate wound-healing. This study aimed to investigate the expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, EGF, and TGF-ß in the oral mucosa ulcer rat model treated with topical AdMSCMs. Materials and Methods: Oral ulcer models were created in twenty healthy male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) divided into AdMSCMs and control groups. The oral ulcer model was treated topically using AdMSCMs oral gel three times daily for 3 and 7 days. The expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, EGF, TGF-ß was evaluated through histological examination using the immunohistochemistry method. Independent t-test was used to compare the mean of expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, EGF, TGF-ß between control and treatment groups (AdMSCMs), and paired t-test was used to analyze the mean between day 3 and day 7 of each group. Results: A lower expression of MMP-1, MMP-9 in AdMSCMs group and higher expression EGF and TGF-ß in AdMSCMs group compared to the control group in day 3 and day 7. Independent t-test results showed a significant difference in the expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, EGF between the control and AdMSCMs group in day 3 and day 7. Only TGF-ß expression mean difference between day 3 and day 7 showed a significant difference compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: AdMSCMs oral gel may accelerate oral ulcer healing models by reducing the expression MMP-1, MMP-9, and increasing EGF and TGF-ß expressions during the wound-healing process.

Exploring Interleukin-10 Levels in Diabetes Patients with and without Oral Diseases: A Systematic Review.

Aim: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine that plays an important role in the progression of diabetes mellitus (DM). Oral diseases were more common in diabetics than in non-diabetics. The aim of this review is to identify IL-10 levels in diabetic patients with and without oral diseases. Methods: A systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines. Three databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct) were used to search for articles up to November 2023 for studies on the measurement of IL-10 in diabetics with and without oral disease. The criteria were limited to human studies and full-text in English only. The outcome was the value of IL-10. The study was quality-graded using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS). Results: There were eleven articles that met the eligibility criteria for analysis. Four articles discovered higher IL-10 levels, while seven articles discovered lower IL-10 levels in diabetes patients with oral diseases compared with each control group. Conclusion: Most studies showed lower IL-10 levels in diabetic patients with oral diseases compared with the control group.

Identifying Chili as a Risk Factor for the Geographic Tongue: A Case Report.

Introduction: Geographic tongue (GT) is a chronic tongue condition triggered by various factors such as immune reactions, allergies, stress, hereditary factors, and nutritional deficiencies. The prevalence of GT in the population ranges from 1% to 3%, and its symptoms can cause discomfort to patients. Spicy foods are popular among Indonesians. Chili is one such food that can cause allergies and trigger GT. Objective: This report highlights the significance of identifying the risk factors associated with symptomatic GT. Case: A 19-year-old female patient complained of a rough and sore dorsal tongue for a year, particularly after consuming spicy food. Extra-oral examination revealed dry lips. Intra-oral examination showed red patches with white borders on the dorsal tongue. A complete blood count and allergy test were performed. The eosinophil count was 4%, the total IgE level was 698 IU/mL, and the skin prick test for chili was positive. The diagnosis of chili-induced GT was made. Case Management: The patient was advised to avoid chilies, and benzydamine hydrochloride mouthwash was administered. One week after treatment, clinical improvement was observed. Severity decreased on the Geographic Tongue Area and Severity Index (GTASI) from 12 (moderate) to 0.4 (mild). Pain decreased from 6 to 0 on the numerical rating scale (NRS). Conclusion: Management of symptomatic GT includes the avoidance of allergens such as chilies and appropriate pharmacological therapy. The identification of risk factors is required for effective management.

Detection of Human Herpesviruses in Sera and Saliva of Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Individuals Using Multiplex RT-PCR DNA Microarray.

Human herpesviruses (HHVs) are frequently linked to an increased risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and vice versa. This study aimed to detect human herpesvirus (HHV) members in the sera and saliva of asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals. Paired saliva and serum samples were obtained from 30 asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals. HHVs were detected with a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) DNA microarray Clart®Entherpex kit. A total of 30 subjects were enrolled: 23 (76.67%) men and 7 (23.33%) women. The present study showed that at least one or more HHV members were detected in the saliva and sera of all (100%) of the subjects. In the saliva, we detected herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) 6.67%, herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) 6.67%, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) 86.67%, cytomegalovirus (CMV) 63.33%, HHV-6 (40%), and HHV-7 (83.33%). In the sera, HSV-2 (20%), EBV (30%), CMV (40%), HHV-6 (0%), and HHV-7 (76.67%) were found, but not HSV-1. VZV and HHV-8 were not detected in either the saliva or sera. EBV and HHV6 were significantly more prevalent in the saliva than they were in the sera of asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the prevalence of HSV-1, EBV, CMV, HHV-6, and HHV-7 in the saliva and sera of asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the multiplex RT-PCR DNA microarray can serve as a valuable diagnostic tool that can be used as a screening tool or a first-line test for HHVs infections.

Effectiveness of natural-based products for radiation-induced oral mucositis therapy: A systematic review.

Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) is one of the common toxic reactions from ionizing radiation and normal tissue injuries as a complication of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is an option for the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC). The use of natural products is an alternative therapy for RIOM. This review aimed to describe the effectiveness of natural-based products (NBPs) in reducing the severity, pain score, incidence, oral lesion size, and other symptoms such as dysphagia, dysarthria, and odynophagia. This systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Ebscohost-CINAHL Plus databases were used for article searches. The inclusion criteria were studies published from 2012 to 2022 with full text available, in English, a study in humans, and a Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) that evaluate the effect of NBPs therapy in RIOM patients diagnosed with HNC. This study's population was HNC patients who had oral mucositis after receiving radiation or chemical therapy. The NBPs were manuka honey, thyme honey, aloe vera, calendula, zataria multiflora, Plantago major L., and turmeric. Eight of the twelve included articles showed significant effectiveness against RIOM in various parameters, such as a decrease in severity, incidence rate, pain score, oral lesion size, and the other symptoms of oral mucositis such as dysphagia and burning mouth syndrome. This review concludes that NBPs therapy is effective for RIOM in HNC patients.

The Impact of DNA Methylation on IL6 mRNA Levels in Hematinic Deficiency and Atopy-Associated Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the DNA methylation using pyrosequencing and its effects on the upregulation of IL6 mRNA in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) in connection with hematinic deficiency and atopy. Material and Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, from January-March 2019 and was approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Padjadjaran (Ethics No. 990/UN6.KEP/EC/2018). Furthermore, the subjects had RAS ulcers with a history of at least twice a year along with atopy and dietary imbalance with no history of recurrent intraoral herpes or any systemic diseases. This study was performed on 23 RAS patients and 21 healthy subjects, and the sampling was carried out consecutively. The blood samples were collected from all the subjects, and then, the DNA and RNA were extracted from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Consequently, the bisulfite-modified DNA was used to confirm the methylation status of the IL6 gene promoter through the pyrosequencing method. The methylation levels of the IL6 promoter were assessed by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique. The gene expression of RAS and the control group was analyzed by the 2-ΔΔ C T method. The statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to evaluate IL6 mRNA levels and DNA methylation with p value <0.05 considered to be statistically significant. RESULT: The IL6 mRNA levels were approximately 1.88-fold in RAS patients, and there was a significant relationship between the expression of the IL6 gene and the increased risk of RAS (p < 0.001). It was reported that four out of six sites in the cytosine phosphate guanine (CpG) island IL6 promoter had a lower degree of methylation, and two other sites in patients with RAS had greater methylation compared with control, but not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study showed the upregulation of IL6 mRNA levels in RAS patients compared to control. DNA methylation in the present study is at sites 566-658, whereas the location of the IL6 promoter is at sites 1-1684. Thus, it would be necessary conducting some research at other CpG sites of IL6 promoter islands to determine the status of DNA methylation.