[Foix-Alajouanine syndrome, what is it?].

The article contains the description of Foix-Alajouanine syndrome (FAS) from literature. Three our own cases of FAS, which developed in two men and one woman, are presented. An analysis of FAS clinical picture revealed a step-like progression of the disease with a possibility of short-term fluctuation of some focal neurological signs. Five stages of clinical course of FAS were detected. Some peculiar sings of spinal neurovisualization, together with serum and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) laboratory examinations, were indicated in FAS. Surgery is first-choice of FAS treatment. Pharmacological treatment with high doses of anticoagulants, together with antiviral therapy (and antibiotics, if necessary), neuroprotectors, antiedematic and symptomatic therapy must be started early. Prevention of thrombotic, trophic and purulent complications is required.

Preconditioning of the small intestine to ischemia in rats.

Measures reflecting the state of the small intestine were studied in rats after ischemia lasting 90 min produced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery and reperfusion for 30 min. Preconditioning of the intestine to ischemia was induced by producing intestinal ischemia for 10 min followed by 10 min of reperfusion (ischemic preconditioning), 30-min limb ischemia with 15-min reperfusion (distant ischemic preconditioning), and i.v. L-arginine. The smallest amount of damage to the intestine after 90 min of ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion was seen in the group of rats subjected to ischemic preconditioning. The protective effect of ischemic preconditioning was partially blocked by administration of N-omega-nitro-L-arginine (a blocker of NO synthesis). Doses of L-arginine also had protective effects, though these were smaller than those of ischemic preconditioning. Preliminary ischemia-reperfusion of the limb had no effect on the state of the intestine. Thus: 1) ischemic preconditioning of the intestine is partially associated with activation of nitric oxide synthesis, and 2) distant ischemic preconditioning did not protect the intestine.

[Adaptation of the rat small intestine to ischemia]. / Adaptatsiia tonkoi kishki krys k ishemii.

Pre-conditioned rats underwent one cycle of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion with subsequent assessment of the heart remote ischemic pre-conditioning (IPC). A local IPC exerted an obvious protective action whereas a remote IPC was ineffective. The local IPC depended partially on the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. L-arginine administration reduced the intestinal injury. The findings suggest that the ischemic pre-conditioning of intestine depends partially on the NO synthesis and that the remote IPC in intestine does not exist.

[Parenchymal-stromal interactions in gastric mucosa of patients with indolent ulcers]. / Prenkhimatozno-stromal'nye vzaimodeistviia v slizistoi obolochke zhe ludka u bol'nykh s dlitel'no ne zazhivaiushchimi iazvami.

The aim of the study was to investigate the development and progress of indolent gastric ulcers. Historical and morphometric data were obtained characterizing different stages of chronic inflammation in periulcerative region. In indolent gastric ulcers the reduction of macrophages, plasmocytes and intraepithelial lymphocytes number was revealed. Epithelio-stromal-vascular correlations in the stomach mucosa can be used as structural criteria for prognosis of chronic ulcer healing.

[Patient Helicobacter pylori infectivity after gastric resection]. / Infitsirovannost' Helicobacter pylori bol'nykh posle rezektsii zheludka.

The article is devoted to investigation of the Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in 14 patients after resection of the stomach for ulcers of the gastroduodenal zone. Different methods were used for the assessment of the state of the gastric stump and gastroenteric anastomosis in the postoperative period. In most cases different degree of inflammatory alterations of the gastric mucosa were detected. In 2 cases (14.3%) peptic ulcers of the anastomosis developed. Changes to the gastric stump of 11 patients were associated with the HP infection which involved the mucosa of the anastomosed intestine in 8 patients. The data obtained point to possible participation of HP pathogenesis of the alterations detected after the stomach resection. The question of the expediency of a specific antibacterial therapy in the postoperative period and in treatment of certain kinds of postgastroresectional syndromes is raised.

[The clinico-morphological characteristics of the gastric mucosa during peptic ulcer therapy with the autotransfusion of hemosorbent-treated blood]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskaia kharakteristika slizistoi obolochki zheludka pri terapii iazvennoi bolezni autotransfuziei gemosorbentobrabotannoi krovi.

A study was made of gastric biopsy specimens withdrawn on repeated endoscopy in 35 patients with chronic gastric ulcers before and 2 weeks after the treatment by autohemotransfusion of hemosorbent-treated blood (AHTB). In 30 patients, the ulcer healed or reduced in size, in 5 patients, the effect was lacking. Morphologic and morphometric studies were carried out on cryostat sections stained by means of PAS and according to Romanovsky-Giemsa. They involved determination of the specific area of the gland and count of free cells of the stroma surrounding the gland followed by an analysis of correlations between effector cells of the immune system. A comprehensive estimation of the accumulation and distribution of the cells infiltrating m. mucosae of the stomach and of their interaction revealed the dependence on the use of AHTB.