Aetiological Spectrum of Pancreaticobiliary Diseases in Adult Nigerians on Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography.

BACKGROUND: Imaging is vital for assessing pancreaticobiliary diseases. AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the spectrum and pattern of pancreaticobiliary diseases in adult Nigerians using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). METHODS: This was a retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study. The electronic radiological records of 110 adult Nigerians who had undergone MRCP were reviewed. The MRCP images were evaluated for bile duct dilatation, intraluminal filling defects, strictures, calculi, and other abnormalities. RESULTS: There were 45 males (40.9%) and 65 females (59.1%) aged 18-83 years, with a mean age of 51.93 ± 15.22 years. Jaundice (59.1%) and right hypochondrial pain (31.8%) were the most common presenting complaints. Gallstones (32.7%), common bile duct strictures (15.5%), choledocholithiasis (11.8%), pancreatic head carcinoma (10.9%), and gallbladder carcinoma (2.7%) were the most frequent abnormalities. There was biliary obstruction in 56.4% of participants, mostly at the distal and proximal common bile duct. Other findings include hepatomegaly (23.6%), hepatic cysts (6.4%), hepatic steatosis (0.9%), duodenal wall thickening (1.8%), and ascites (5.5%). MRCP was normal in 25 (22.7%) participants. CONCLUSION: Gallstones were the predominant pathology of the various pancreaticobiliary diseases, while Pancreatic head and gallbladder carcinoma were the most common malignant diseases.

A Review of Scrotal Ultrasonography in Uyo, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Scrotal ultrasonography is a useful, sensitive, readily available and safe imaging modality in the investigation of scrotal pathologies, including those possibly contributory to male infertility. The aim of this study was to review the scrotal ultrasound scans (SUSS) done in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital over a period of 18 months from July 2018 to December 2019. METHODOLOGY: This was a retrospective study of all the SUSS performed in the Department of Radiology of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital (UUTH) within an 18-month period. All subjects who presented for scrotal ultrasound with adequately filled request forms which included the biodata and clinical information were included in the study. RESULTS: A total of 79 scans were reviewed during the period. The age range of study patients was 4 - 78 years, with a mean of 41.2 ±15 years. The modal age group was 30-39 years, made up of 20 cases (25.6%). Primary and secondary infertility were the major indications for referrals, in 17 cases (21.8%) and 13 cases (16.7%) respectively. Following SUSS, the findings were normal in 11 patients (14.1%), while hydrocele, and varicocele accounted for 19 cases (24.3%) and 9 cases (11.5%) respectively. Microlitiasis was seen in 7 cases (9%) while a diagnosis of testicular tumor was made in 5 (6.4%) of cases. Three (3) of the 5 testicular tumors, were confirmed histologically. CONCLUSION: Infertility was the main indication for SUSS and hydrocele the commonest finding. Ultrasound is recommended as first line imaging modality in the investigation of scrotal lesions.

CONTEXTE: L'échographie scrotale est une modalité d'imagerie utile, sensible, facilement accessible et sûre pour l'examen des pathologies scrotales, y compris celles qui peuvent contribuer à l'infertilité masculine. L'objectif de cette étude était d'examiner les échographies scrotales (SUSS) effectuées à l'hôpital universitaire de l'Université d'Uyo sur une période de 18 mois, de juillet 2018 à décembre 2019. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective de toutes les SUSS réalisées dans le département de radiologie de l'hôpital universitaire d'Uyo (UUTH) au cours d'une période de 18 mois. Tous les sujets qui se sont présentés pour une échographie scrotaleavec des formulaires de demande adéquatement remplis qui comprenaient des données biologiques et des informations cliniques ont été inclus dans l'étude. RÉSULTATS: Au total, 79 échographies ont été examinées au cours de la période. L'âge des patients étudiés était compris entre 4 et 78 ans, avec une moyenne de 41,2 ±15 ans. La tranche d'âge modale était de 30 à 39 ans, soit 20 cas (25,6 %). L'infertilité primaire et secondaire était la principale indication de consultation, dans 17 cas (21,8 %) et 13 cas (16,7 %) respectivement. Après le SUSS, les résultats étaient normaux chez 11 patients (14,1 %), tandis que l'hydrocèle et la varicocèle représentaient 19 cas (24,3 %) et 9 cas (11,5 %) respectivement. La microlitiasis a été observée dans 7 cas (9 %) tandis qu'un diagnostic de tumeur testiculaire a été posé dans 5 cas (6,4 %). Trois (3) des 5 tumeurs testiculaires ont été confirmées histologiquement. CONCLUSION: L'infertilité était la principale indication de SUSS et l'hydrocèle la constatation la plus fréquente. la plus fréquente. L'échographie est recommandée comme modalité d'imagerie de première ligne dans l'investigation des lésions scrotales. Mots-clés: Échographie scrotale, infertilité masculine, hydrocèle, varicocèle.

Retrospective Post Mortem Study of Custodial Deaths in Uyo, South-South, Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION: The medicolegal auditing of the pattern of death among detainees in police and prison custody is a useful tool in planning for quality care to be given to detainees, who do not have access to stable health care as seen in the free world. AIM: To retrospectively study the peculiarities of custodial deaths (CD), among individuals detained in police and prison custody in Uyo, South-Soth Nigeria and to suggest preventive measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a review of all the post mortem examinations (PME) that were performed on detainees that died in police or prison custody over 4 years. RESULTS: They were 9 detainees aged between 22-44 years with an average age of 31.1 years. All the detainees were males. Six (66.7%) persons died in police custody, while 2 (22.2%) died in prison custody and 1 (11.1%) person died in police clinic. The shortest duration of detention before death was 1 day (24 hours) and the longest 80 days. Marks of torture were seen in 2 (22.2%) cases. The cause of death was seen in 8 (88.9%) cases. In 1 (11.1%) no anatomic pathologic cause of death was seen. The manner of death was natural in 4 (44.4%), homicide 3 (33.3%), accidental 1 (11.1%) and undetermined 1 (11.1%). The 4 natural causes of death were 2 cases of hypertensive cardiovascular disease, a case of myocardial infarction and a case of alcoholic hepatitis. The cause of death in all the homicidal and accidental cases were massive intracranial bleeding. CONCLUSION: Natural death is the most common manner of death among detainees in Uyo.

INTRODUCTION: L'audit médico-légal des décès parmi les détenus en garde à vue et en détention est un outil utile pour planifier des soins de qualité à prodiguer aux détenus, qui n'ont pas accès à des soins de santé stables comme on le voit dans le monde libre. OBJECTIF: Étudier rétrospectivement les particularités des décès en détention (DC) chez les personnes détenues en garde à vue et en prison à Uyo, dans le sud-sud du Nigeria et proposer des mesures préventives. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: Il s'agit d'un examen de tous les examens post mortem (EPM) qui ont été effectués sur des détenus décédés en garde à vue ou en prison pendant 4 ans. RÉSULTATS: Il s'agissait de 9 détenus âgés de 22 à 44 ans avec une moyenne d'âge de 31,1 ans. Tous les détenus étaient des hommes. Six (66,7 %) personnes sont décédées en garde à vue, tandis que 2 (22,2 %) sont décédées en garde à vue et 1 (11,1 %) personne est décédée en clinique de police. La durée de détention la plus courte avant le décès était de 1 jour (24 heures) et la plus longue de 80 jours. Des traces de torture ont été observées dans 2 cas (22,2 %). La cause du décès a été retrouvée dans 8 (88,9%) cas. Dans 1 (11,1%) aucune cause anatomique de décès n'a été observée. Le mode de décès était naturel dans 4 (44,4 %), homicide 3 (33,3 %), accidentel 1 (11,1%) et indéterminé 1 (11,1 %). Les 4 causes naturelles de décès étaient 2 cas de maladie cardiovasculaire hypertensive, un cas d'infarctus du myocarde et un cas d'hépatite alcoolique. La cause du décès dans tous les cas homicides et accidentels était une hémorragie intracrânienne massive. CONCLUSION: La mort naturelle est le mode de décès le plus courant parmi les détenus d'Uyo. MOTS-CLÉS: Décès en détention, Examen post mortem, Détenus, Uyo.

Sonographic evaluation of renal parameters in individuals with essential hypertension and correlation with normotensives.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension can secondarily involve the kidneys, and renal sonographic parameters can be used to indirectly assess renal function or status. Ultrasound is an inexpensive and safe modality for evaluating the kidneys. The purpose of this study was to sonographically assess renal parameters in patients with essential hypertension to determine the parameters that may indicate increased risk of renal damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty individuals (96 females and 54 males) with essential hypertension attending consultant outpatient clinic in University of Benin Teaching Hospital were evaluated. An equal number of nonhypertensive volunteers comprising of 80 females and 70 males were studied as controls. For individuals and controls, the renal length, width, anteroposterior diameters, renal parenchymal volume, cortical thickness, and echogenicity were assessed. Serum creatinine was also obtained. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 17.0) was used in data analysis. RESULTS: The mean renal parenchymal volume and cortical thickness were 99.1 ± 25.8 cm3 and 1.0 ± 0.2 cm on the right and 113.8 ± 35.8 cm3 and 1.0 ± 0.2 cm on the left for the hypertensive individuals. The values for the normotensives were 100.5 ± 19.8 cm3 and 1.2 ± 0.2 cm on the right and 118.7 ± 27.4 cm3 and 1.3 ± 0.2 cm on the left. The difference in cortical thickness between the two groups was statistically significant. No significant difference was noted between renal parenchymal volume of the right and left kidneys in the individuals and controls. The variation in cortical echogenicity between the hypertensives and controls was statistically significant; 74.0% and 75.3% of hypertensives and 28.0% and 26.0% of normotensives had increased cortical echogenicity on the right and left kidneys, respectively. The serum creatinine value was significantly higher in the hypertensive group. CONCLUSION: Cortical echogenicity grading was significantly higher among hypertensives than normotensives while renal parenchymal volume and cortical thickness were lower among hypertensives. In the hypertensives and normotensives, renal parenchymal volume, cortical thickness, and renal length were higher in males compared to the females and in the left kidney compared to the right. Hypertension seems to have more effect in the renal cortex than the medulla.

The pattern and distribution of cancers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION: The pattern of cancer is known to vary by location based on people's lifestyle and socioeconomic development status. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the pattern of cancers seen in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of all cancer cases that were histologically diagnosed in the Histopathology Department of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital for 9 years (January 2007-December 2015). RESULTS: There were 1186 cases, identified and included in this study. Females accounted for 59.7% of cases while males accounted for 40.3% of cases, with the mean ages for females and males being 45.69 ± 14.38 and 59.63 ± 17.77 years, respectively. Age group 60-69 years accounted for most cases (20.4%). The common cancers in both sexes were breast (33%), prostate (25.8%), cervix (11.1%), skin (4.9%), sarcoma (4.8%), and colorectal (3.8%). CONCLUSION: There is a variation between the pattern of cancer in Akwa Ibom and other regions of Nigeria warranting further clinicopathological evaluation, and these results will be useful in the overall context of planning and evaluation of cancer control activities in Akwa Ibom State. A population-based cancer registration in Uyo is suggested.