Beyond Rarity: Insights Into the Diagnosis and Histopathology of Breast Granular Cell Tumors.

Breast granular cell tumors, which are benign and rare tumors of the breast, pose a diagnostic challenge due to their rarity and nuanced clinical presentations. This article explores a unique case of a 41-year-old female with a biopsy-confirmed granular cell tumor, shedding light on the intricacies involved in diagnosis. Rooted in a neuroectodermal origin, particularly Schwann cells, these tumors demand a multidimensional diagnostic approach for accurate identification. Despite their predominantly benign nature, malignant variants exist, necessitating a thorough histomorphology examination, supported by immunohistochemistry, for precise classification. This article contributes to our understanding of breast pathology and emphasizes the pivotal role of histopathology in unraveling complexities associated with granular cell tumors, reaffirming the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach.

Molecular Markers of Pancreatic Cancer: A 10-Year Retrospective Review of Molecular Advances.

Pancreatic cancer remains the third leading cause of death amongst men and women in the United States. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common type of pancreatic cancer maintains its reputation of being the most aggressive with a poor prognosis. One of the contributing factors to the high mortality of PDAC is the absence of biomarkers for early detection of disease and the complexity of tumor biology and genomics. In this review, we explored the current understanding of epigenetics and diagnostic biomarkers in PDAC and summarized recent advances in molecular biology. We discussed current guidelines on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, especially in high-risk individuals. We also reviewed studies that have touched on identifying biomarkers and the role they play in making early diagnosis although there are currently no screening tools for PDAC. We explored the recent understanding of epigenetic alterations of PDAC and the future implications for early detection and prognosis. In conclusion, the new and emerging advances in the detection and treatment of PDAC can lead to an improvement in the current outcome of PDAC.