International perspectives on sexual harassment of college students: the sounds of silence.

The incidence, psychological dimensions, reporting, and impact of sexual harassment of college students throughout the world are reviewed. Special attention is paid to methodological constraints in conducting cross-cultural research in sexual harassment, including difficulty in securing research participants, different methodologies to collect incidence data, use of retrospective data, and varying, definitions of sexual harassment. Recommendations for implementing intervention programs are offered. The strategies suggested deal with the social causes that maintain the harassment, including renegotiating the balance of power between men and women.

Factores relacionacionados con la aceptación del tratamiento de los pacientes con acné vulgar / Factors related to patient compliance in the treatment of acne vulgaris

Objetivo: La falta a una consulta programada es un problema importante en la atención sanitaria y es un elemento que sirve para determinar la aceptación del tratamiento del paciente. Determinar si hay una relación entre las creencias, actitudes y expectativas sobre el tratamiento y las experiencias previas de tratamiento de los pacientes con acné y acudir a las consultas de seguimiento durante el tratamiento. Métodos: Ciento cuarenta y cuatro pacientes que acudieron consecutivamente a una consulta privada de un dermatólogo para el tratamiento del acné completaron cuestionarios respecto a sus creencias y tratamientos previos y se mantuvo un registro de la falta a las citas durante una serie de cinco visitas programadas. Un grupo control de estudiantes de educación secundaria y universitarios rellenaron el mismo cuestionario. Seis meses después de comenzar el tratamiento, se rellenó un segundo cuestionario, en el que se valoraba la aceptación del tratamiento, los problemas con la medicación y la frecuencia de las citas y el mantenimiento de las citas. Resultados: Hubo pocas diferencias entre los pacientes y los controles en los conocimientos sobre la causa y tratamiento del acné. El mantenimiento de las citas programadas de los pacientes fue como sigue: el 28 por ciento de los pacientes acudieron a cuatro citas de seguimiento, el 10 por ciento a tres citas, el 15 por ciento a dos citas, el 13 por ciento, a una visita y el 19 por ciento, a ninguna. El 15 por ciento de los pacientes abandonó el tratamiento durante una o dos citas y después volvió. Conclusiones: Los factores demográficos, el sexo, la raza, el sistema de pago de los servicios médicos y el tipo de tratamiento prescrito fueron más importantes para determinar la conducta sobre la asistencia a las citas que las actitudes y creencias de los pacientes, los tratamientos anteriores y la gravedad del acné. Aunque no hubo ninguna correlación entre acudir a las consultas y el conocimiento de la enfermedad, el conocimiento de la medicación, la gravedad del acné, la edad o los tratamientos médicos anteriores, se observaron relaciones entre los factores demográficos y el mantenimiento de las visitas (AU)

Factors related to patient compliance in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

BACKGROUND: Missed appointments are a major problem in healthcare delivery, and are one element of patient compliance with treatment. AIM: To determine whether there was a relationship between the beliefs, attitudes, expectations of treatment, and previous treatment experiences of acne patients and the keeping of follow-up appointments for treatment. METHODS: One hundred and forty-four consecutive patients presenting to a private dermatologist's office for the treatment of acne completed questionnaires concerning their beliefs and previous treatment, and a record was maintained of missed appointments over a series of five scheduled appointments. A control group of middle and high school students completed the same pretreatment questionnaire. Six months after starting treatment, a second questionnaire was completed regarding compliance with treatment, problems with medication, and frequency of appointments and appointment keeping. RESULTS: There were very few differences between patients and controls in beliefs about the cause and treatment of acne. Patient appointment keeping was as follows: 28% of acne patients attended all four follow-up appointments, 10% three follow-up appointments, 15% two follow-up appointments, 13% one follow-up appointment, and 19% no follow-up appointments. Fifteen per cent of patients dropped out of treatment for one or two appointments and then returned. CONCLUSIONS: Demographic factors, such as gender, race, method of payment for medical services, and type of therapy prescribed, were more important in determining appointment keeping behavior than were patient attitudes and beliefs, previous therapy, or severity of acne. Although there was no correlation between appointment keeping and knowledge of the condition, knowledge of the medication, severity of acne, age, or previous medical treatment, relationships were observed between demographic factors and appointment keeping.

Effect of selected psychological characteristics upon choice-shift patterns found within hierarchical groups of public accountants.

The goals of this study were to examine, first, the relationship between choice shift and three psychological variables (social desirability, locus of control, and moral reasoning) and, second, the influence of these and subjects' employment position on the choice-shift phenomenon within the context of a professional accounting setting. The sample of 60 subjects (four auditors per group, each holding different employment ranks within their firms, yielding 15 groups, each from a different small to medium size CPA firm), participated in three group decision-making tasks related to common accounting and auditing risk-assessment issues. The exercise consisted of three iterations of a standard choice-shift exercise followed by three standardized tests to mcasure the selected psychological characteristics. Analysis indicated that choice shifts were not significantly affected by subjects' psychological characteristics. Instead, subjects' position in an organization influenced choice shift, and the higher the position, the less absolute shift shown.