Primary Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Literature Review Examining the Use of Different Chemotherapy Regimens.

Primary classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) of the breast is a rare type of breast disease. The diagnosis is mostly confirmed by an excisional biopsy. The first line of treatment commonly used for Hodgkin lymphoma is doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD). Our case report is about a 48-year-old lady who was diagnosed with bilateral breast Hodgkin lymphoma following an excisional biopsy and was treated with brentuximab vedotin plus doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (BV-AVD). The patient responded positively after the initiation of the regimen. There is scarce data on the classic Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast, and even with the wide use of first-line treatment using ABVD, the disease is still difficult to manage. Hence, patients with breast masses should be screened for classic HL of the breast, and larger studies are needed to establish specific treatment guidelines concerning HL of the breast to prevent relapse and other complications.

Revolutionizing Cardiac Imaging: A Scoping Review of Artificial Intelligence in Echocardiography, CTA, and Cardiac MRI.

BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION: Cardiac imaging is crucial for diagnosing heart disorders. Methods like X-rays, ultrasounds, CT scans, and MRIs provide detailed anatomical and functional heart images. AI can enhance these imaging techniques with its advanced learning capabilities. METHOD: In this scoping review, following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) Guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using related keywords on 16 April 2024. From 3679 articles, we first screened titles and abstracts based on the initial inclusion criteria and then screened the full texts. The authors made the final selections collaboratively. RESULT: The PRISMA chart shows that 3516 articles were initially selected for evaluation after removing duplicates. Upon reviewing titles, abstracts, and quality, 24 articles were deemed eligible for the review. The findings indicate that AI enhances image quality, speeds up imaging processes, and reduces radiation exposure with sensitivity and specificity comparable to or exceeding those of qualified radiologists or cardiologists. Further research is needed to assess AI's applicability in various types of cardiac imaging, especially in rural hospitals where access to medical doctors is limited. CONCLUSIONS: AI improves image quality, reduces human errors and radiation exposure, and can predict cardiac events with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.

Can CSL-112 revolutionize atherosclerosis treatment? A critical look at the evidence.

CSL-112, a recombinant human apolipoprotein A-I, holds promise for treating atherosclerotic disease by promoting reverse cholesterol transport. This review evaluates the current evidence on CSL-112's impact on atherosclerotic disease. A search identified studies investigating the effect of CSL-112 on apolipoprotein A-I levels, cholesterol efflux capacity, clinical outcomes, safety profile, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and subgroup analysis in patients with atherosclerotic disease. All nine studies consistently demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in apolipoprotein A-I levels following CSL-112 administration. Most studies also reported a corresponding rise in cholesterol efflux capacity. However, the AEGIS-II trial, the largest study to date, did not show a statistically significant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with CSL-112 compared to placebo. While some smaller studies suggested potential benefits, particularly in stable atherosclerotic disease, their limitations in size and duration necessitate further investigation. CSL-112 appeared to be generally well-tolerated, with mostly mild or moderate adverse events reported. However, the AEGIS-II trial identified a higher incidence of hypersensitivity reactions in the CSL-112 group, requiring further exploration. CSL-112 demonstrates promise in raising apolipoprotein A-I levels and enhancing cholesterol efflux capacity, potentially promoting reverse cholesterol transport. However, its clinical efficacy for atherosclerotic disease remains unclear. Larger, well-designed trials with longer follow-up periods are necessary to definitively establish its clinical benefit and safety profile before widespread clinical use can be considered. Future research should also explore deeper into the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of CSL-112 and explore its efficacy and safety in different patient subgroups.

An Atypical Case of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Possible Newly Diagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Complicated With a Cerebrovascular Accident in a Young Female: A Case Report.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of endocrine disorders among females of reproductive age and is linked with autoimmune disorders. PCOS has been associated with autoantibodies such as antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-thyroid, and anti-Smith (anti-SM). Young patients with PCOS and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have up to a 10-fold increase in stroke. We present a case of a patient with a history of PCOS (on metformin), hypothyroidism, and pulmonary embolism who presented to the emergency room with acute left-sided weakness. She was extensively investigated for risk factors and was eventually diagnosed with a cerebrovascular accident secondary to possible SLE with positive ANA (1:160, nuclear homogenous pattern). The diagnosis of PCOS, coupled with autoantibodies and recurring episodes of thromboembolic events, rendered her case management complex. She received tenecteplase and had thrombectomy done twice because of recurrent thrombotic events during her hospital stay. She passed away on the fifth day post-thrombectomy from a possible massive pulmonary embolism with hemodynamic compromise. There is a need for more research to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of SLE and PCOS to guide the proper management of patients in this situation.