RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Equine influenza virus is a common cause of respiratory disease in equids. Few reports describe clinical presentation and disease progression in donkeys. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Describe the clinical and diagnostic findings, outcome, and pathologic lesions associated with influenza pneumonia in donkeys. ANIMALS: Thirteen unvaccinated donkeys ranging from 1 week to 12 years of age and sharing clinical signs and exposure history. METHODS: Retrospective case series. Medical records from June to July 2020 at the Colorado State Veterinary Teaching Hospital and collaborating referring veterinary practices were reviewed. The diagnosis was confirmed by molecular testing, virus isolation, and partial genetic and phylogenetic analysis of the virus. RESULTS: Survival in donkeys <1 year old was 16.6% (1/6) whereas survival in animals >1 year of age was 85.7% (6/7). Hemagglutinin gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed a contemporary clade 1 Florida sublineage H3 virus as the causative agent. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Clinical signs of equine influenza virus infection in donkeys are similar to those observed in horses. Prognosis for survival generally is good, but deaths have been observed especially in foals born to seronegative dams. This finding emphasizes the importance of prenatal vaccination protocols in all equids, including donkeys.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N8 , Influenza Humana , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae , Cavalos , Animais , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N8/genética , Equidae , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hospitais Veterinários , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Hospitais de Ensino , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Progressão da DoençaRESUMO
Foal emergencies can be intimidating to manage in the field, yet many conditions will respond well to the supportive care possible on the farm. Triage of the foal targets focused supportive care to stabilize the foal before referral to a hospital or to facilitate the management in the field. There are many diagnostic and therapeutic options available in the field setting to support a successful outcome on the farm.