Oral squamous cell carcinoma in a young person with candidosis endocrinopathy syndrome: a case report.

Candidosis endocrinopathy syndrome is a rare condition characterized by mucocutaneous candidosis and multiple endocrinal abnormalities. This case reports a patient with the syndrome who also developed an oral mucosal squamous cell carcinoma at the age of 21.

Mental paraesthesia: an ominous symptom. Case reports.

The sudden onset of paraesthesia in the distribution of the mental nerve should be regarded as an ominous symptom. It is usually related to events such as fractures or dentoalveolar surgery, but in the absence of such history this finding should be regarded with suspicion. Four case studies are presented in which the patient presented with unexplained mental paraesthesia, which were later related to metastatic malignant disease. Careful medical history is required to alert the clinician to appropriate diagnostic procedures and ensure correct management.

Role of thermal trauma in experimental oral mucosal Candida infections in rats.

A model of candidosis in experimental rats was used to study the role of trauma in the aetiology of oral mucosal infections caused by Candida albicans. Standardised thermal trauma was delivered to the dorsum of the tongue of Sprague-Dawley rats and experimental candidosis was induced. Histologically, the site of trauma was invaded by hyphae earlier and more extensively than in control animals, leading to the conclusion that trauma facilitated the establishment of the C. albicans infections.

Candida species and Candida albicans morphotypes in erythematous candidiasis.

A group of full-denture-wearing patients with erythematous candidiasis was matched by age and sex with a group of healthy, full-denture-wearing persons who served as controls. In the group with erythematous candidiasis, clinical symptoms and signs of the disease were recorded. Denture hygiene and tobacco use were noted in both groups. Epithelial smears and imprint cultures were obtained from both groups from specified sites. Cultures were grown and subjected to species identification and C. albicans strain differentiation by a morphotyping technique. Denture-wearing subjects who smoked tobacco had a significantly greater incidence of erythematous candidiasis than the controls. Five species of Candida were isolated from both groups, with C. albicans as the dominant species. Twenty different morphotypes of C. albicans as well as strains involved in erythematous candidiasis were also isolated from the oral cavities of healthy, full-denture-wearing control subjects.

Candida albicans as a promoter of oral mucosal neoplasia.

A model of oral mucosal carcinogenesis using the water-soluble carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) was combined with a model of oral mucosal candidosis to examine the ability of Candida albicans to promote the development of neoplasia in suitably initiated epithelium. Sprague-Dawley rats were initiated by the application of 4NQO to their palatal and tongue mucosa 3 times weekly for 4 weeks. The animals then received either application of a phorbol ester to act as a promoter, induction of experimental oral mucosal infection with C. albicans, or no further procedures. Animals were killed at 34 or 52 weeks and the tongues and palates sectioned for light-microscopic examination. Control groups with no treatment, mucosal infection only, phorbol ester application only, 4NQO with the tetracycline or vehicle application only were also used. The development of carcinoma in the experimental groups was similar to that in the positive control groups, indicating that the particular strain of Candida used had a similar ability to promote neoplastic changes as the known promoter phorbol-12,13-didecanoate and caused neoplastic changes to occur by week 34 with no additional lesions occurring by week 52. This indicated that the speculation that strains of C. albicans may participate in causing neoplastic transformation in humans was well founded.

Effect of housing system on sow productivity.

Three separate trials are described, each involving sows ranging in parity from first to tenth. In the first trial sows were penned either in individual stalls 2.1 m X 0.6 m or individually tethered in stalls 0.6 m wide, from mating to day 110 of pregnancy. Both groups were on insulated concrete floors partially slatted. Results indicate no difference in percentage of pigs born dead or survival to weaning or in post-weaning performance of sows. In the second trial sows were kept in farrowing pens 2.4 m X 1.6 m with the sow restrained in a farrowing crate 0.6 m wide or tethered by the neck in a partial crate 0.6 m wide from day 110 of pregnancy to weaning at 30 days of age. All pens were of insulated concrete without bedding with the rear 0.6 m slatted with cast iron slats. Results indicate no effect of pen type on percentage of pigs born dead, survival to weaning or in post-weaning sow performance. In the third trial sows were housed in groups of 4 on an insulated concrete floor without bedding or in individual stalls after weaning. Boars were present in adjoining pens in both cases. Group housed animals had poorer performance due to a combination of failure to show oestrus, lower conception ratio and loss through injuries due to fighting. Those that did show oestrus had the same weaning to oestrus period as stalled sows and produced slightly (but not significantly) bigger litters.