Mental health profiles of depressive symptoms and personal well-being among active-duty military families.

Although some research has examined the mental health of individual family members in military families, additional research is needed that considers mental health among multiple members of the family system simultaneously and that characterizes subsets of families with distinct patterns. Mental health patterns of depressive symptoms and well-being in and among families were identified using latent profile analysis with a community sample of 236 military families with a service member (SM) parent, civilian partner, and adolescent. Drawing from the Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response model, we examined several military-related family demands (e.g., relocations, deployments) and capabilities (e.g., family cohesion, social support outside the family) as correlates of the family profiles. Three profiles emerged: thriving families (62.3% of the sample where all three family members reported relatively low depressive symptoms and high personal well-being), families with a relatively distressed SM (24.2%), and families with a relatively distressed adolescent (13.5%). Overall, there were no differences between the groups of families regarding military-related demands, yet there were differences between the groups regarding their capabilities, namely family cohesion and social support. In general, families in the thriving profile tended to have higher family cohesion and social support as reported by multiple family members compared to the other two profiles. Findings can inform the development of family needs assessments and tailored interventions (and intervention points) based on family profiles and current capabilities.

Continuity in hostile family relationships mediated by family psychopathology: An application of systems perspective.

Grounded in the family systems theory within the life course systems perspective, this study sought to investigate (a) long-term transmission processes of hostility from interparental relationships to parent-young adult relationships and (b) the mediational roles of parents' and adolescents' psychopathology in these long-term processes. Research has examined the long-term transmission of hostility from interparental relationships to young adults' relationships with their parents. However, less is known about how this transmission process differs for father-young adult and mother-young adult relationships and if psychopathology is a mechanism that contributes to the transmission of hostility. Utilizing a structural equation model and prospective, longitudinal data from couples in enduring marriages and their offspring (n = 345 families), we examined long-term associations between interparental hostility when offspring were adolescents and young adults (1990 and 2001), adolescents' hostile relationships with their fathers and mothers (1991), and young adults' hostile relationships with their fathers and mothers (2003) as well as the mediating roles of fathers', mothers', and adolescents' psychopathology (1992 and 1994). Interparental hostility was more strongly linked to hostility between mothers (rather than fathers) and their young adult offspring. Fathers', mothers', and adolescents' psychopathology uniquely mediated the transmission processes. This study elucidated transmission processes of interparental hostility to young adults' relationship hostility with their parents and offers insights into the unique mediational roles of each family member's psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Identifying Mental Health Profiles Among Adolescents Who Experienced a Recent Parental Deployment or Military-Related Family Separation.

Accessing two independent samples of adolescents in military families in the United States who recently experienced parental separation (N = 573; N = 186), this study sought to identify adolescent mental health profiles indexed on multiple indicators. In other words, we asked how military adolescents fare after parental separation in terms of mental health indicators. Proximal family processes (family cohesion, conflict, and marital adjustment) were also examined in relation to mental health profiles as well as core adolescent outcomes, self-rated health, and school enjoyment. In both samples, three profiles emerged identifying similar structures of mental health profiles. Two-thirds of adolescents were in the lowest risk mental health group. Poor family cohesion and greater conflict were associated with the moderate and highest risk groups. The lowest risk group reported better health and greater school enjoyment. Family nurses and other health care professionals are encouraged to inquire about military connectedness, structural changes occurring within the family system, and family processes in relation to adolescent well-being.

Life transition events and depressive symptom trajectories during young adulthood: The influence of adverse family and individual contexts in adolescence.

Because sequential patterns of multiple transition events (i.e., college graduation, full-time employment, marriage, and parenthood) are associated with turning points in depressive symptom trajectories during young adulthood, the present study used a sample of 446 White adolescents (52.3% females; 15.58 years old, on average) over 18 years (1992 to 2010) to (a) identify distinct longitudinal joint processes between these sequential patterns of life transition events and turning points of depressive symptom trajectories by using a person-centered modeling approach and (b) investigate the influence of adverse family and individual contexts (negative family economic events, hostile relationships with parents, and impulsive sensation seeking) in adolescence on these longitudinal joint processes. We identified six longitudinal joint processes: (a) traditional transition pattern with no turning points in depressive symptom trajectories, (b) traditional transition pattern with turning points in depressive symptom trajectories in the mid-to-late 20s, (c) early parenthood transition pattern with no turning points in depressive symptom trajectories, (d) early parenthood transition pattern with turning points in depressive symptom trajectories in the mid-to-late 20s, (e) precocious transition pattern with no turning points in depressive symptom trajectories, and (f) precocious transition pattern with depressive symptom turning points (or fluctuations) throughout young adulthood. Negative family economic events, hostile relationships with parents, and impulsive sensation seeking in adolescence influenced these longitudinal joint processes. Hostile relationships with parents also uniquely influenced turning points in depressive symptoms during young adulthood while impulsive sensation seeking uniquely influence sequential patterns of life transition events. Clinical implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Explaining Physical Health Disparities and Inequalities Over the First Half of the Life Course: An Integrative Review of Add Health Studies.

This integrative review of research utilizing the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health draws on previous research detailing pathways linking early socioeconomic adversity in childhood and adolescence (Wave 1 in 1995 and prior) to physical health outcomes in young adulthood (Wave 5 in 2015). Health outcomes considered included specific diseases, disease risk, and morbidity as prospectively measured by parent-reported and self-reported health outcomes as well as clinical biomarkers. A heuristic research framework was developed from the comprehensive review focused on 4 study designs and identifying total associations, physiological pathways, stress pathways, and resources pathways linking early socioeconomic adversity to physical health outcomes for young adults, as well as potential modifiers of these pathways. The appropriateness of different analytical strategies used in these research studies including approaches for analysis of change in health are discussed. Taken together, review findings suggest the merit of an integrated perspective taking a long view over early life course to explain cumulative physical health risk over the first half of the life course by assessing multiple pathways simultaneously. Looking forward, the review findings also emphasize the need for the investigation of the continuity and change in these pathways over the second half of the life course.

Patterns of Co-occurring Developmental Failures in Adolescence: Socioeconomic and Genetic Antecedents and Health Outcomes in Adulthood.

This study investigates (1) conjoint latent classes of adolescent co-occurring developmental problems (obesity, depressive symptoms, and low educational attainment), (2) socioeconomic and genetic influences on these classes of adolescents' problem trajectories, and (3) physical health consequences of those latent classes. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; N = 9,107; mean age = 15.5 years; Female = 52.9 per cent) were used to identify classes of early socioeconomic adversity and conjoint trajectory groups of co-occurring developmental problems. Profiles of social antecedents, genetic endowments (polygenic scores), and physical health outcomes in young adulthood were compared across identified four conjoint trajectory risk groups (overall high-risk, overall low-risk, BMI-risk or obesity, low education-risk). The results showed that youth with overall high-risk and BMI/education-specific risk trajectory groups were more likely to be Black or Hispanic, reported more adverse socioeconomic characteristics and genetic endowment, and averaged significantly poorer physical health in young adulthood compared with youth in the overall low-risk problem trajectory group. Less pronounced differences emerged between the high-risk and problem-specific-risk groups. The findings highlight heterogeneity in adolescent co-occurring developmental problems. Adolescent heterogeneous problem co-development is associated with background socioeconomic and genetic characteristics and physical health in young adulthood.

Midlife financial strain and later-life health and wellbeing of husbands and wives: Linking and moderating roles of couple intimacy trajectories.

This study investigates (a) heterogeneous trajectories of couple intimacy over the mid-later years (average ages of 40-65) and (b) how these intimacy classes are differentially associated with spouses' midlife financial strain as well as their later-life health and wellbeing outcomes. The sample was comprised of white couples in long-term marriages from the rural Mid-west who experienced the economic downturn of the farm crisis in late 1980s. Couple-level measures of emotional intimacy and sexual intimacy were created by summing husbands' and wives' reports. Using growth mixture modeling with a sample of 304 couples, conjoint intimacy classes were identified from trajectories of couple emotional intimacy and sexual intimacy. Three qualitatively different latent intimacy classes of couples were identified: Consistently High, Moderate and Increasing, and Chronically Low. Intimacy classes were differentially associated with midlife financial strain and later-life health and wellbeing. Spouses with consistently high and moderate and increasing intimacy in their mid-later years averaged lower financial strain in early midlife and better health and wellbeing outcomes in later years (>67 years) compared to those with consistently low intimacy after controlling for lagged health measures. The identification of couple intimacy trajectory groups provides a potentially useful prognostic tool for counseling efforts that can promote and develop resiliency factors to aid in the redirection of adverse couple intimacy trajectories.

En el presente estudio se investigan las a) trayectorias heterogéneas de la intimidad de la pareja durante los años de la mediana edad y la vejez (edades promedio de 40 a 65 años) y b) cómo estas clases de intimidad se asocian diferencialmente con la presión económica de la mediana edad de los cónyuges, así como con los resultados en la salud y el bienestar en la vejez. La muestra estuvo compuesta de parejas blancas en matrimonios duraderos de zonas rurales del centro de los Estados Unidos que sufrieron la recesión económica de la crisis agrícola a fines de la década de los ochenta. Las medidas a nivel de la pareja de la intimidad emocional y la intimidad sexual se crearon sumando los informes de los esposos y las esposas. Utilizando un modelo de combinación de crecimiento con una muestra de 304 parejas, se identificaron clases de intimidad conjunta a partir de las trayectorias de la intimidad emocional y la intimidad sexual de la pareja. Se identificaron tres clases de parejas cualitativamente diferentes según su intimidad latente: constantemente alta, moderada y en aumento, y crónicamente baja. Las clases de intimidad estuvieron asociadas diferencialmente con la presión económica en la mediana edad y la salud y el bienestar en la vejez. Los cónyuges con intimidad constantemente alta, y moderada y en aumento entre la mediana edad y la vejez promediaron una menor presión económica a principios de la mediana edad y mejores resultados en la salud y el bienestar durante la vejez (más de 67 años) en comparación con aquellos que tenían una intimidad constantemente baja después de tener en cuenta las medidas de salud retardadas. La identificación de los grupos de trayectorias de la intimidad de la pareja ofrece una herramienta de pronóstico que puede ser útil para el trabajo de terapia orientado a personas y a parejas, ya que puede promover y desarrollar factores de resiliencia que ayuden a redirigir las trayectorias desfavorables de la intimidad de la pareja.

Latent profiles of postdeployment reintegration among service members and their partners.

Consistent with the emotional cycle of deployment, postdeployment reintegration is often a time of highs and lows as service members (SMs) and their families adjust to their new normal. However, few studies have considered the nuances of reintegration, specifically the various patterns of personal and family reintegration experiences that may exist. The present study uses latent profile analysis to identify unique reintegration patterns along four dimensions (i.e., positive personal, negative personal, positive family, and negative family reintegration) for SMs (N = 236) and a subsample of their civilian partners (N = 141). Differences among the resulting reintegration profiles were also examined for demographics, military-related characteristics, psychosocial characteristics, and individual and family functioning. Three profile groups with varying reintegration experiences emerged for SMs, and two groups emerged for civilian partners. For both SMs and their civilian partners, one profile (39.0% of SMs and 63.8% of civilian partners) was characterized by high positive family and personal reintegration and low negative family and personal reintegration. Other groups reported moderate to high positive and negative family and personal reintegration. SMs and civilian partners with the most favorable reintegration profile reported greater family cohesion. For SMs, differences in sleep were also reported across the reintegration profiles, whereas, for civilian partners, differences in depressive symptoms emerged across the reintegration profiles. Few group differences emerged for demographics, military-related characteristics, and psychosocial characteristics. Findings highlight important variability in military families' experiences within the reintegration stage of the deployment cycle. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Higher-order trajectories of pain and depressive symptoms link midlife financial stress to women's well-being in later life.

Objectives: Consistent with biopsychosocial models, shared pathophysiological conditions underlying both physical pain and depressive symptoms can result in the clustering of pain and depressive symptoms. However, previous studies have not investigated a higher-order construct capturing both pain and depressive symptoms over time. Furthermore, research has not identified trajectory antecedents (e.g. perceived family financial stress) and their consequences for later-life health and well-being. The present study sought to address these gaps in the research.Method: Using prospective data over 23 years from 244 long-term married women, the present study estimated latent growth curves in a structural equation model (more specifically a parallel trajectory model was estimated).Results: Family financial strain in midlife was, on average, associated with a higher initial level (ß = .37, p < .001) and rate of change (ß = .20, p = .045) of pain-depressive symptoms trajectories, which, in turn, contributed to health and well-being challenges, including the level and rate of change in physical limitations (ß = .50, p < .001 and 0.43, p < .001, respectively), memory impairment (ß = .47 and .47, p < .001, respectively), and loneliness (ß = .63, p = < .001 and .28, p = .022, respectively) in later years. The adverse influence of family financial strain on pain-depressive symptoms trajectories weakened under high levels of marital closeness (ß = -.10, p = .032). Conclusion: These findings emphasize the necessity of policies and interventions that focus on reducing adults' stressful life circumstances and further developing protective factors that can aid in the redirection of adverse pain-depressive symptoms trajectories.Supplemental data for this article are available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2021.1993129.

Military couples' childhood experiences and romantic relationship satisfaction: The role of accepting influence.

Although accepting influence (i.e., being open to the influence of others) is considered important for couple relationships, there is a lack of empirical research on the association between accepting influence and relationship satisfaction. Moreover, research has not examined what family experiences may precede one's ability to accept influence in later romantic relationships, although life course theory and the vulnerability stress adaptation model support the notion that stressful childhood experiences may be consequential for accepting influence adaptive processes, which, in turn, can impact relationship satisfaction. This study used dyadic, couple data and an actor partner interdependence model to investigate the associations between stressful childhood experiences, accepting influence, and relationship satisfaction in a sample of 229 military couples (with one male service member and one female civilian spouse) after accounting for elements of their military context (e.g., rank, number of deployments), relationship length, and mental health. The path model also estimated the indirect effects from both partners' stressful childhood experiences to relationship satisfaction through accepting influence. Female spouses' stressful childhood experiences were associated with their perceptions of male partners' accepting influence, which, in turn, was associated with both partners' relationship satisfaction, demonstrating partial mediation. Military couples, as well as other couples in stressful contexts, may benefit from interventions that address how prior family experiences impact current accepting influence processes. Moreover, accepting influence behaviors can be a tool for couples to utilize to mitigate the possible negative consequences of their stressful circumstances on their relationship.

Aunque la aceptación de la influencia (p. ej.: estar abierto a la influencia de los demás) se considera importante para las relaciones de pareja, faltan investigaciones empíricas sobre la asociación entre la aceptación de la influencia y la satisfacción con la relación Además, las investigaciones no han analizado qué experiencias familiares pueden preceder la capacidad de una persona de aceptar la influencia en relaciones amorosas posteriores, aunque la teoría del curso de vida y el modelo de adaptación al estrés de vulnerabilidad respaldan la noción de que las experiencias estresantes de la niñez pueden ser significativas para aceptar los procesos adaptativos de la aceptación de la influencia que, a su vez, puede afectar la satisfacción con la relación. En este estudio se utilizaron datos diádicos de parejas y un modelo de interdependencia actor-pareja para investigar las asociaciones entre las experiencias estresantes de la niñez, la aceptación de la influencia y la satisfacción con la relación en una muestra de 229 parejas de militares (formadas por un esposo en el servicio militar y una esposa civil) después de tener en cuenta los elementos de su contexto militar (p. ej.: rango, número de movilizaciones militares), la duración de la relación y la salud mental. El modelo de pautas también calculó los efectos indirectos de las experiencias estresantes de la niñez de ambos integrantes de la pareja en la satisfacción con la relación mediante la aceptación de la influencia. Las experiencias estresantes de la niñez de las esposas estuvieron asociadas con sus percepciones de la aceptación de la influencia de los esposos, la cual, a su vez, estuvo asociada con la satisfacción con la relación de ambos integrantes de la pareja. Esto demuestra una mediación parcial. Las parejas de militares, así como otras parejas en contextos estresantes, pueden beneficiarse de las intervenciones que abordan cómo las experiencias familiares anteriores afectan los procesos actuales de aceptación de la influencia. Además, las conductas de aceptación de la influencia pueden ser una herramienta que las parejas pueden utilizar para mitigar las posibles consecuencias negativas de sus circunstancias estresantes en su relación.

Long-Term Physical Health Consequences of Financial and Marital Stress in Middle-Aged Couples.

OBJECTIVE: To examine psychological health as a mechanism linking economic pressure and marital instability in the early middle years to poor physical health in later life. BACKGROUND: Although previous research suggests that sustained stressful marital experience may lead to mental and physical health problems, little is known about how contextual factors, such as economic pressure, impact marital outcomes, and how changes in marital attributes influence health outcomes in a longitudinal and dyadic context. METHOD: Utilizing an actor-partner interdependence model within a latent growth curve approach and prospective data from couples in enduring marriages, we examined the associations between family economic pressure, marital instability, and mental health over their early middle years (1989-1994) and subsequent physical health in later adulthood (2015). Analyses assessed a couple-level pathway and an individual pathway involving within-spouse and between-spouse effects. RESULTS: During the middle years, family financial difficulties were linked to reduced marital stability, which was associated with increased mental health challenges. The findings also reinforced the salient role of psychological distress for subsequent physical health outcomes as husbands' and wives' anxiety symptoms over their early middle years contributed to declines in their physical health outcomes in later adulthood. A partner effect was noted between husbands' anxiety and wives' physical health. CONCLUSION: For couples, experiences of financial and marital stress in their early middle years can have long-lasting detrimental impacts on their physical health in later adulthood.

The Contribution of Stressful Marital Interactions to Loneliness and Health across Mid-life and Later Adulthood.

Although past research has noted longitudinal, and sometimes bi-directional, associations between marital interactions, loneliness, and physical health, previous work has not identified long-term associations and differential associations over life-course stages (i.e., mid-life and later adulthood). Utilizing a life-course stress process perspective and a sample of 250 couples in enduring marriages over 17 years (2001-2017), a structural equation model within a dyadic framework assessed the unique influences of stressful marital interactions on loneliness and physical health and the variation in bi-directional influences of loneliness and physical health over time. Marital interactions were relatively stable across life stages, yet marital interactions appear to influence loneliness and physical health. Notable distinctions were evident across life stages (from mid-life to later adulthood and then within later adulthood). Findings are discussed with an emphasis on the implications for health promotion and prevention programs targeting couples' quality of life in later years.

How Early Stressful Life Experiences Combine With Adolescents' Conjoint Health Risk Trajectories to Influence Cardiometabolic Disease Risk in Young Adulthood.

Research has primarily focused on additive (unique) associations between early stressful life experiences (specifically, socioeconomic adversity and maltreatment) and young adults' cardiometabolic disease risk without considering multiplicative (synergistic) influences. Furthermore, research has not fully considered the varying patterns of health risk trajectories (e.g., substance use, obesogenic-related behaviors, depressive symptoms) across adolescence and the transition to young adulthood that may link earlier stressful experiences and later cardiometabolic disease risk. This study examined heterogeneity in conjoint health risk trajectories from adolescence to the transition to young adulthood and their additive and multiplicative (synergistic) influences with early stressful life experiences on cardiometabolic disease risk in young adulthood using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 9,421; 55.6% female) over a period of 13 years. Four distinct conjoint health risk trajectories were identified considering trajectories of substance use behaviors, obesogenic-related behaviors, and depressive symptoms: (a) overall high-risk, (b) behavioral risks, (c) psycho-obesogenic risks, and (d) overall low-risk. Socioeconomic adversity and maltreatment were additively and multiplicatively associated with cardiometabolic disease risk in young adulthood. Individuals with overall high-risk conjoint trajectories averaged higher cardiometabolic disease risk in young adulthood when they were exposed to early socioeconomic adversity. Implications for personalized interventions for individuals who have experienced multiple forms of health risks are discussed.

Modeling longitudinal dyadic processes in family research.

In this article, several dyadic analyses are applied to illustrate how they can be used to answer distinct research questions regarding associations between dyad members over time (longitudinal interdependence). This article focuses on how to conceptualize and empirically assess distinct dyadic processes, including time-sequential processes involving change in rank-order, parallel change processes involving intra-individual changes, dynamic dyadic processes involving both intra-individual changes and time-specific deviations (from intra-individual change), and accelerated dyadic processes involving acceleration of intra-individual change. These dyadic processes are depicted by four different dyadic models; a cross-lagged autoregressive model, a dyadic latent growth model (with and without structured residuals), and a dyadic latent change score model, respectively. These four longitudinal dyadic models are illustrated using a sample of 251 husbands and wives in enduring marriages. Each model focuses on a different dyadic process demonstrating distinct ways to empirically assess longitudinal interdependence; thus, when analyzing data, dyadic researchers must weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each and select the modeling approach that is most appropriate for the research question. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Midlife family financial strain, sense of control and pain in later years: An investigation of rural husbands and wives.

Research focussing on individual biopsychosocial processes leading to physical pain as a health condition is rare. The present study investigated sense of control as a mechanism linking early midlife stress to later-life physical pain for husbands and wives in long-term marriages. Using data from 508 rural husbands and wives over 27 years (1991-2017) with respondents in their early middle years (<42 years on average) in 1991 and in their later years (>67 years on average) in 2017, this study utilized a comprehensive analytical model in an structural equation modelling framework. Family financial stress (FFS) trajectories in early middle years were associated with depleted sense of control, which was related to increased physical pain in later years after controlling for concurrent physical illness, family income and age. In cross-lagged analyses FFS influenced physical pain over mid-later years. Physical pain also influenced FFS, suggesting a bi-directional association between FFS and physical pain. Findings elucidate how early midlife FFS influences the progression of physical pain over mid-later years through sense of control. Findings suggest effective intervention and prevention programs should focus on FFS in early years of adulthood as well as the maintenance and development of adults' sense of control.

Heterogeneity in Husbands' and Wives' Physical Pain Trajectories Over Mid-Later Years: Biopsychosocial Stratification and Implications for Later-Life Well-Being.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated pain trajectories of husbands and wives over their mid-later years, the grouping of these trajectories, and differences in baseline biopsychosocial profiles and health and well-being outcomes in later years across the pain trajectory groups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Growth mixture modeling was used to identify latent classes of 244 husbands' and wives' physical pain trajectories over their mid-later years (1994-2015, average ages of 44-65 years). Analyses were conducted to identify how these pain trajectory classes were associated with respondents' biopsychosocial profiles in 1994 and health and well-being in later years (2017 [>67 years]). RESULTS: The individual pain trajectories of husbands and wives were clustered into 3 heterogeneous groups with differing trajectory patterns. Nonnormative pain trajectory groups (with either a high pain level and/or persistent pain) were associated with adverse baseline biopsychosocial characteristics. These groups also experienced poorer health and well-being outcomes in later years (2017) compared to those with consistently low pain after controlling for lagged measures in 2015. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The identification of pain trajectory groups and characteristics of group members provides a potentially useful prognostic tool for early preventive intervention efforts, treatment, and policy formation. Such interventions can promote and develop resiliency factors, thereby aiding in the redirection of middle-aged husbands' and wives' adverse pain trajectories.

Couple processes of family economic hardship, depressive symptoms, and later-life subjective memory impairment: moderating role of relationship quality.

OBJECTIVES: To examine a) processes through which family economic hardship (FEH) contributes to spouses' mental health and subsequent subjective memory impairment (SMI) in later years and b) the moderating effect of overall relationship quality on these associations. METHODS: With prospective data over 27 years from a sample of 224 husbands and wives in enduring marriages, the present study utilized latent growth curves to identify how FEH trajectories are associated with both spouses' depressive symptoms trajectories across their mid-later years (average age 40-65 years) and subsequent SMI in later life (> 67 years). The moderating role of relationship quality between depressive symptoms and SMI was also examined. RESULTS: FEH experiences across the mid-later years (1991-2015) explained variation in husbands' and wives' depressive symptoms trajectories (1994-2015). Change in depressive symptoms was associated with husbands' and wives' SMI in later life (2017) after taking the level of depressive symptoms into account. Spousal dependencies, including partner effects, existed among husbands' and wives' depressive symptoms trajectories and SMI outcomes. Some of these dependencies were moderated by couples' overall relationship quality. CONCLUSION: FEH has a persistent influence on husbands' and wives' SMI in later years. Depressive symptoms mediated the influence of FEH on later wellbeing. The findings are discussed as they relate to family systems and life course stress process theories. Implications are addressed at multiple levels including national- and state-policies and clinical interventions.

When Fathers Are Involved: Examining Relational and Psychosocial Health among Military Families.

Father involvement can promote the psychosocial health of family members (i.e., fathers, mothers, and children). However, the association between father involvement and individual members' psychosocial health may depend on the quality of the marital relationship and the perceptions of the reporting family member. Research with multiple reporters from the same family is needed identify how family members perceive the impact of father involvement on family member well-being. Using a risk and resilience theoretical framework applied to a family systems perspective, the current study examines associations between father involvement, family flexibility, marital quality, and psychosocial health with a sample of 207 military families (including fathers, mothers, and their adolescents). After accounting for military context, a conditional structural equation model was used to examine the associations between fathers' involvement and family members' psychosocial health. Family flexibility was examined as a mediator between these associations and marital quality as a moderator. Findings suggest that when fathers are more involved, both mothers and fathers report less family flexibility, and that family flexibility was positively associated with family member (father, mother, and adolescent) well-being. Further, father involvement was indirectly related to mothers' psychosocial health through family flexibility, and father involvement was directly associated with better psychosocial health for fathers and adolescents. Marital quality moderated these associations for fathers, mothers, and adolescents. Given the combined benefits of father involvement, family flexibility, and positive marital relationships, clinical efforts to provide information to increase knowledge and skills around maintaining a healthy relationship could serve to promote psychosocial health by improving marital quality and family flexibility.

La participación del padre puede promover la salud psicosocial de los miembros de la familia (p. ej.: padres, madres e hijos). Sin embargo, la asociación entre la participación del padre y la salud psicosocial individual de los miembros de la familia puede depender de la calidad de la relación conyugal y de las percepciones del miembro de la familia que informa. Se necesitan investigaciones con varios informantes de la misma familia para identificar cómo los miembros de la familia perciben el efecto de la participación del padre en el bienestar de los miembros de la familia. Utilizando un marco teórico de riesgo y resiliencia aplicado a una perspectiva de sistemas familiares, el presente estudio analiza las asociaciones entre la participación del padre, la flexibilidad familiar, la calidad conyugal y la salud psicosocial con una muestra de 207 familias de militares (incluidos los padres, las madres y sus adolescentes). Después de tener en cuenta el contexto militar, se utilizó un modelo condicional de ecuaciones estructurales para analizar las asociaciones entre la participación de los padres y la salud psicosocial de los miembros de la familia. Se analizó la flexibilidad familiar como mediadora entre estas asociaciones y la calidad conyugal como moderadora. Los resultados sugieren que cuando los padres participan más, tanto las madres como los padres informan menos flexibilidad familiar, y que la flexibilidad familiar estuvo asociada positivamente con el bienestar de los miembros de la familia (padre, madre y adolescente). Además, la participación de los padres estuvo indirectamente relacionada con la salud psicosocial de las madres mediante la flexibilidad familiar, y la participación de los padres estuvo asociada directamente con una mejor salud psicosocial en los padres y los adolescentes. La calidad conyugal moderó estas asociaciones en el caso de los padres, las madres y los adolescentes. Teniendo en cuenta los beneficios combinados de la participación del padre, la flexibilidad familiar y las relaciones conyugales positivas, los esfuerzos clínicos para proporcionar información a fin de ampliar el conocimiento y las habilidades en torno al mantenimiento de una relación saludable podrían servir para promover la salud psicosocial mejorando la calidad conyugal y la flexibilidad familiar.

Mastery and Marital Processes: Mechanisms Linking Midlife Economic Adversity and Later-Life Loneliness for Husbands and Wives in Enduring Marriages.

Research has documented that loneliness is a major public health concern, particularly for older adults in the United States. However, previous studies have not elucidated the mechanisms that connect family economic adversity to husbands' and wives' loneliness in later adulthood. Thus, using prospective dyadic data over 27 years from 254 enduring couples, the present study investigated how spouses' mastery, as an intraindividual process, and marital functioning, as a couple process, link midlife family economic adversity to spouses' later-life loneliness. The results provided support for three linking life course pathways: an adversity-mastery-loneliness pathway, an adversity-marital functioning-loneliness pathway, and a mastery-marital functioning-loneliness pathway. The results also showed spousal contemporaneous dependencies in mastery and loneliness. These findings demonstrate the persistent influence of midlife family economic adversity on husbands' and wives' loneliness nearly three decades later and elucidate linking mechanisms involving mastery and couple marital functioning. Findings are discussed as they relate to life course and family systems theories. Implications address multiple levels including national- and state-policies and couple-level clinical interventions.

Las investigaciones han documentado que la soledad es un gran problema de salud pública, particularmente en el caso de los adultos mayores en los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, hay estudios previos que no han dilucidado los mecanismos que conectan las dificultades económicas familiares con la soledad de los esposos y las esposas en la tercera edad. Por lo tanto, utilizando datos diádicos prospectivos durante 27 años de 254 parejas duraderas, el presente estudió investigó cómo la dominancia de los cónyuges como proceso intraindividual y el funcionamiento conyugal como proceso de pareja vinculan las dificultades económicas familiares de la mediana edad con la soledad de los cónyuges en la tercera edad. Los resultados respaldaron tres vías asociadas en el transcurso de la vida: una vía de dificultades-dominancia-soledad, una vía de dificultades-funcionamiento conyugal-soledad, y una vía de dominancia-funcionamiento conyugal-soledad. Los resultados también demostraron dependencias contemporáneas conyugales en la dominancia y la soledad. Estos resultados demuestran la influencia constante de las dificultades económicas familiares durante la mediana edad en la soledad de los esposos y las esposas casi tres décadas después, y dilucidan los mecanismos conectivos relacionados con la dominancia y el funcionamiento conyugal de la pareja. Se exponen los resultados en relación con el transcurso de la vida y las teorías de sistemas familiares. Las implicancias abordan varios niveles, incluidas las políticas nacionales y estatales, y las intervenciones clínicas a nivel de la pareja.

"Sibling relationships in older adulthood: Links with loneliness and well-being": Correction.

Reports an error in "Sibling relationships in older adulthood: Links with loneliness and well-being" by Clare M. Stocker, Megan Gilligan, Eric T. Klopack, Katherine J. Conger, Richard P. Lanthier, Tricia K. Neppl, Catherine Walker O'Neal and K. A. S. Wickrama (Journal of Family Psychology, 2020[Mar], Vol 34[2], 175-185). In the original article, the df value is incorrect in the following sentence in the first paragraph of the Predictors of Individual Differences in Older Adults' Sibling Relationships section of the Results: "The global F-statistic for warmth was significant (F = 16.55, df = 3, 632, p < .001)." The correct value is "df = 3, 601." (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2019-46911-001). Researchers have documented associations between family relationships and a variety of well-being outcomes. Yet, sibling relationships, the longest lasting relationships in most people's lives, have received very little research attention beyond young adulthood. The goals of the current study were to: provide descriptive information about sibling relationships in later adulthood, investigate predictors of individual differences in sibling relationship quality, and examine associations among sibling relationship quality, loneliness, and well-being in later adulthood. The sample included 608 older adults (329 men, 279 women) who were 64.6 years old (SD = 4.58) on average. Participants provided self-report data about their relationships and well-being. Results showed that older adults reported high levels of sibling warmth and low levels of sibling conflict and parental favoritism. Sister-sister pairs had warmer sibling relationships than other gender-compositions. Sibling conflict and parental favoritism were positively associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, hostility, and loneliness. Sibling warmth was negatively associated with loneliness. Loneliness partially mediated the associations between sibling relationship quality and well-being. Results from this study highlight the importance of sibling relationships in older adults' health and well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).