Isolation of dermatophytes in wild felids from screening centers

The aim of this study was detect the presence of dermatophyte fungi on wild felids from screening centers. Samples were taken from 30 animals, assembled in two groups: "free-ranging" and "transitory captivity". The dermatophytes (Trichophyton genus), isolated from two felids (6.6%), both of the group "free-ranging".

Isolation of dermatophytes in wild felids from screening centers

The aim of this study was detect the presence of dermatophyte fungi on wild felids from screening centers. Samples were taken from 30 animals, assembled in two groups: "free-ranging" and "transitory captivity". The dermatophytes (Trichophyton genus), isolated from two felids (6.6%), both of the group "free-ranging".

Efficacy of terbinafine and itraconazole on a experimental model of systemic sporotrichosis

Itraconazole is currently considered the drug of choice to treat the diverse clinical presentation of sporotrichosis. On the other hand terbinafine by virtue of its excellent in vitro activity is under comparative evaluation for its therapeutic potential for a wide range of fungal infections. In this study, our aim was to determine the in vivo efficacy of terbinafine and itraconazole on a experimental model of systemic sporotrichosis. 120 rats Wistar received an injection of 2x10³ S. schenckii cells by via the lateral tail vein. After 3 days the animals were treated with terbinafine (250mg/kg) and itraconazole (100 mg/kg) and their respective diluents. In our model, terbinafine and itraconazole were effective in reducing the number of clinical lesions and positive organ cultures. There was statistical difference between the groups treated with the antifungals in relation to the control groups (p 0,05) concerning the clinical alterations, anatomic-pathological findings and in the positive organ cultures of the agent, being that the treated animals resulted in the absence and/or reduction of all the evaluated parameters. As for the treatments, terbinafine showed similar or higher activity that itraconazole in the evaluation of the testicle alteration (p=0,0004), as well as in the positive organ cultures of microorganism from the organ (p=0,0142). With these results it is possible to conclude that the antifungals studied are effective in the treatment of experimental systemic sporotrichosis.

Itraconazol é atualmente considerado a droga de escolha para o tratamento das diferentes formas clínicas da esporotricose. Por outro lado a terbinafina devido a sua excelente atividade in vitro está sendo avaliada quanto ao seu potencial terapêutico frente a diversas infecções fúngicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a eficácia in vivo da terbinafina e itraconazol em um modelo de esporotricose experimental sistêmica. 120 ratos Wistar receberam uma injeção de 2x10³ células de S. schenckii pela veia lateral da cauda. Após 3 dias os animais foram tratados com terbinafina (250mg/kg) e itraconazol (100mg/kg) e os seus respectivos diluentes. No modelo experimental estudado, a terbinafina e itraconazol se mostraram efetivos reduzindo o número de sintomas clínicos e retroisolamento positivo para o agente. Houve diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos tratados com os antifúngicos em relação aos grupos controle (p 0,05) nas alterações clínicas, achados anatomopatológicos e no retroisolamento do agente, sendo que os animais tratados resultaram na ausência e/ou diminuição de todos os parâmetros avaliados. Quanto aos tratamentos a terbinafina se mostrou com atividade similar ou superior ao itraconazol quando avaliado as alterações anatomopatológicos do testículo (p=0,0004), assim como no retoisolamento do órgão (p=0,0142). Com estes resultados permite-se concluir que os antifúngicos estudados são efetivos no tratamento da esporotricose sistêmica experimental.

Aspergillosis: a limiting factor during recovery of captive magellanic penguins

The article describes the epidemiology, macroscopic and histological lesions as well as the isolation of Aspergillus flavus and A. fumigatus from Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) during recovery in the Center for Recovery of Marine Animals (CRAM - 32ºS/52ºW), over a period of two years. From January 2004 to December 2005 the Center received 52 Magellanic penguins, and 23% (12/52) died. Necropsies were performed and tissue samples were collected for histological and microbiological examination. From 12 dead animals, aspergillosis was confirmed in five animals, corresponding to 42% of the mortality. Granulomatous nodules were observed mainly on air sacs and lungs. Histologically, septate and branching hyphae, measuring 3-5 µm and PAS positive were found. Two of these cases were caused by A. fumigatus, two other by A. flavus, and in one the diagnostic was established by macroscopic lesions observed in the necropsy without sample collection for fungal isolation and identification. The five aspergillosis cases occurred in the first year of the study, when a disinfection program was not yet established in the CRAM. This paper points out the importance of aspergillosis in the rehabilitation process of captive penguins, and emphasize the necessity of an environmental disinfection on the aspergillosis prevention, mycosis that caused a high rate of mortality of the seabirds found on the Brazilian coast and admitted in the CRAM.

O trabalho descreve fatores epidemiológicos, achados de necropsia, histológicos e o isolamento de Aspergillus flavus e A. fumigatus em pingüins-de-Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) em reabilitação no Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos (CRAM - 32ºS/52ºW), durante um período de dois anos. De janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2005 foram recebidos no Centro, 52 pingüins-de-Magalhães, dos quais 23% (12/52) morreram. Esses animais foram necropsiados e amostras de tecidos foram coletadas para exame histológico e microbiológico. De 12 animais necropsiados, aspergilose foi diagnosticada em 42% (5/12). Granulomas foram observados principalmente em sacos aéreos e pulmões e hifas septadas, hialinas e dicotômicas em ângulo agudo foram encontradas na histologia. Dois casos foram ocasionados por A. fumigatus, outros dois por A. flavus e em um caso o diagnóstico foi estabelecido pelas lesões macroscópicas observadas na necropsia, sem a coleta de amostra para isolamento e identificação fúngica. Os cinco casos da micose ocorreram no primeiro ano, período em que não havia um programa de desinfecção no Centro. Este trabalho ressalta a importância da aspergilose interferindo no processo de reabilitação de pingüins em cativeiro no CRAM, e enfatiza a necessidade da desinfecção ambiental na prevenção da micose, doença que causa uma alta taxa de mortalidade de aves marinhas encontradas na costa brasileira e encaminhadas ao CRAM.