RESUMO
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological tumour in developing countries. Most patients with EC are diagnosed at an early stage with a low risk of relapse and overall survival at 5 years greater than 85%. Nevertheless, there is a subgroup of patients with a very poor prognosis due to the pathological features and molecular characteristics. Until now there has been no consensus regarding adjuvant treatment in EC patients, with many open questions: In which patients is it indicated? Which is the best approach: chemotherapy, radiotherapy or both? What is the right timing? Relevant clinical trials are in progress in order to answer these questions. Unfortunately, the survival of patients with metastatic or recurrent EC is quite short due to the poor responses to standard first-line chemotherapy and the lack of second lines of treatment.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Endometrioide/terapia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/terapia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Carcinoma Endometrioide/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Endometrioide/patologia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Oncologia/legislação & jurisprudência , Oncologia/organização & administração , Metástase Neoplásica , Prognóstico , Recidiva , Sociedades Médicas/legislação & jurisprudência , Sociedades Médicas/organização & administração , EspanhaRESUMO
Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer worldwide, with a well known origin, infection by high-risk human papilloma virus. Although screening programmes have led to a relevant reduction in the incidence and mortality due to CC in developed countries, it is still an important cause of mortality in young women in undeveloped countries. Clinical stage is the most relevant prognostic factor in CC and the standard of care is still based on it. In early stages, the primary treatment is surgery or radiotherapy, whereas concomitant chemo-radiotherapy is the conventional approach in locally advanced stage. In the setting of recurrent or metastatic CC the treatment is largely palliative, so it is important to develop new therapeutic strategies.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/terapia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/terapia , Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Carcinoma/patologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Oncologia/legislação & jurisprudência , Metástase Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Espanha , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Conduta ExpectanteRESUMO
Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women worldwide, with the highest rates observed in underdeveloped countries. In the last decades, its incidence has decreased after the implementation of screening programs, mainly in developed countries. Infection with high-risk oncogenic HPV is associated with precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. Advances in the understanding of the role of HPV in the etiology of high-grade cervical lesions (CIN 2/3) and cervical cancer have led to the development, evaluation and recommendation of two prophylactic HPV vaccines. This review article provides a summary of the studies related with their development and efficacy.