[Adiposity and muscle strength level in pre-scholars according to the educational level and socio-demographic characteristics of their parents]. / Nivel de adiposidad y fuerza muscular en pre-escolares según nivel educacional y características socio-demográficas de sus padres.

INTRODUCTION: The educational level of the adult population is related to obesity, but there is little knowledge regar ding the relationship of parents' educational level with the obesity and muscle strength of Chilean pre-school children. OBJECTIVE: To describe the levels of adiposity and muscular strength of pre schoolers, according to the educational level and socio-demographic characteristics of their parents. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with participation of pre-schoolers from kindergartens and their parents (n = 99). Variables studied were a) socio-demographic (survey with 4 items), b) anthropometry (weight, height, weight/height ratio, weight/height-z, and body mass index), c) body composition (fat mass in kg and %, muscle mass), and d) muscle strength (hand grip muscle strength). The association between the above factors and the educational level of the parents [mother or father] of "low" [Low-EL] or "high" educational level [High-EL] were analy sed. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the weight/height according to the parents' educational level (father Low-EL; 0.088 ± 0.170 vs High-EL -0.060 ± 0.163, P = 0.024), and in the percentage of fat mass (father Low-EL; 30.8 ± 0.8 vs High-EL; 28.7 ± 0.9%, P = 0.040). In the rest of the obesity markers, there were no significant differences according to the parents' educational level nor in strength and muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-school children of parents with low educational level show significantly higher values of weight/height and percentage of fat mass than those peers with parents with high educational level. These findings require further and more complex research to be corroborated.

Consequences of Low Sleep Duration in Anthropometric and Body Composition Parameters of Chilean Preschoolers.

Reduced sleep duration in schoolchildren has been associated with poor health outcomes at the scholar level; however, there is little information on the effects of sleep loss on Chilean preschoolers. The aim of this study was to describe and compare cardiometabolic outcomes according with the sleep duration in Chilean preschoolers. A second aim was to identify potential risk outcomes (i.e., in odds ratios) for suffering anthropometric and body composition alterations related with participants' sleep duration. A total of 99 (n = 54 boys; n = 45 girls) preschoolers (mean age (95% CI) 3.1 (2.7, 3.4 years), mean weight 16.1 (15.5, 16.6 kg)) were included in this study. Sleep duration was assessed using standardized questionnaires with the parents. Socio-demographic parents' information, as well as anthropometric, nutritional, and handgrip strength outcomes in preschoolers were distributed by tertiles (T1; < 10 h, T2; 10 to < 11 h, and T3; ≥ 11 h) of sleep time. Children in the lowest tertile of sleep duration had significantly higher body mass indices (p = 0.036), weight-for-height Z-scores (p < 0.0001), waist-hip ratios (p = 0.041), and body fat in percent (p = 0.035) and kg (p = 0.044) compared to those in the top tertile. Low sleep duration was associated with significantly greater risks of overweight/obesity (OR 1.3 (0.9, 1.8)), low height (OR 1.2 (0.8, 1.6)), and increased BMI (OR 1.5 (0.4, 1.4)), but not with reductions in grip strength. Chilean preschoolers with low sleep duration showed higher cardiometabolic markers (anthropometric/body composition) and were more likely to be classified as obese than youth with longer sleep duration.