Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression among Resident Doctors in Nigeria: A Multi-Center Study.

BACKGROUND: Depression is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. Several studies have shown that depression in resident doctors is more common than that in the general population. However, data on the prevalence of depression among resident doctors in Nigeria is limited. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of depression as well as factors associated with depression among resident doctors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was employed with semi-structured questionnaires on socio-demographic and other factors associated with depression in resident doctors. The proportionate sample size in hospitals across the six geopolitical zones with multi-stage sampling and systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit resident doctors. The Beck's Depression Inventory was employed. The data was analyzed using Epi info version 3.5.3 (2011) and Stata 14. A p-value of less than 0.05 was statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression was 18.9% among the resident doctors. Negative binomial regression used showed that depression in resident doctors was significantly associated with age (IRR=1.07, 95%CI:1.01-1.13, p=0.017), female gender ((IRR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.00-3.05, p=0.049) and being a resident in the surgical specialties (IRR=2.31, 95%CI: 1.35-3.94, p=0.002), respectively. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depression among resident doctors showed that older age, female gender, and surgical specialties were determinants of depression.

CONTEXTE: La dépression contribue de façon importante à la charge mondiale de morbidité. Plusieurs études ont montré que la dépression chez les médecins résidents est plus fréquente que dans la population générale. Cependant, les données sur la prévalence de la dépression chez les médecins résidents au Nigéria sont limitées. OBJECTIFS: Le but de cette étude est de déterminer la prévalence de la dépression ainsi que les facteurs associés à la dépression chez les médecins résidents. MÉTHODES: Un plan d'étude transversal a été utilisé avec des questionnaires semi-structurés sur les facteurs sociodémographiques et autres associés à la dépression chez les médecins résidents. La taille proportionnelle de l'échantillon dans les hôpitaux des six zones géopolitiques avec un échantillonnage en plusieurs étapes et une technique d'échantillonnage aléatoire systématique a été utilisée pour recruter des médecins résidents. L'inventaire de la dépression de Beck a été utilisé. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide d'Epi info version 3.5.3 (2011) et stata 14. Une valeur de p inférieure à 0,05 était statistiquement significative. RÉSULTATS: La prévalence de la dépression était de 18,9 % chez les médecins résidents. La régression binomiale négative utilisée a montré que la dépression chez les médecins résidents était significativement associée à l'âge (TRI = 1,07, IC à 95 %: 1,01-1,13, p = 0,017), au sexe féminin (IRR = 1,75, IC à 95%: 1,00-3,05, p = 0,049) et au fait d'être résident dans les spécialités chirurgicales (TRI = 2,31, IC à 95%: 1,35-3,94, p = 0,002), respectivement. CONCLUSION: La prévalence de la dépression chez les médecins résidents a montré que l'âge avancé, le sexe féminin et les spécialités chirurgicales étaient des déterminants de la dépression. Mots-clés: Dépression, Médecins, Géopolitique, Beck.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome among Hypertensive Patients Attending the General Outpatient Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in North Central Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. It is important to identify those at risk and initiate early interventions to prevent or delay its onset and complications. METHODS: It was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from 1 September to 31 October, 2014. One hundred and ninety one adult hypertensive patients were recruited from the General Outpatients Clinic using a convenience sampling technique in which participants randomly picked folded papers numbered 1-10 daily. Those who picked even numbers were recruited into the study. Data about socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, history of hypertension and co-morbidities were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Physical examination included blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist:hip ratio (WHR). Laboratory indices included fasting blood glucose and lipid profile. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on the USA National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) definition. Approval for the study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia on 19 June 2014. (No. DASH/I/ADM/0340). RESULTS: There were 36 (19.8%) males and 146 (80.2%) females, with a mean age of 50.3 + 10.7 years. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 32.4%. The commonest pattern was the combination of hypertension, abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridaemia in 25 (13.7%) participants. Logistic regression analysis showed that physical activity is protective against metabolic syndrome (OR = 0.072, 95% CI = 0.009 - 0.571, p = 0.013) while large waist circumference (abdominal obesity) is associated with an increased risk for metabolic syndrome (OR = 9.986, 95% CI = 3.689 - 27.030, p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome is common in hypertensive patients in the study area. Physicians should screen all patients with hypertension for early identification of those at greater risk of metabolic syndrome.