Metabolomics reveals that fittest trail runners show a better adaptation of bioenergetic pathways.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effect in the blood metabolome of trail running, a demanding sport that takes place in the natural environment, places considerable strain on both muscles and joints. While metabolic responses to aerobic exercise have been analyzed in-depth, few studies have focused on trail running. DESIGN: Observational study to analyze changes in 35 different metabolites - representative of aerobic exercise-induced by a simulated 21-km trail race with an uphill gradient of 1400 m. METHODS: We performed a semiquantitative metabolomics study consisting of capillary blood microsampling and targeted screening with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to analyze, in 33 licensed athletes, changes concerning 35 metabolites. RESULTS: We observed significant changes in many metabolites, including increased acetyl-carnitine and taurine concentrations (false discovery rate-corrected paired t-test P value 1.63 × 10-13, and P value 5.021 × 10-12, respectively) and decreased carnitine and proline concentrations (P value 6.33 × 10-10, and P value 1.21 × 10-9, respectively). Metabolic responses to trail running were largely independent of sex but were influenced by the level of training, with runners with a higher level showing resistance to exercise-induced changes in taurine, 1-methyl histidine, acetyl-carnitine, and hypoxanthine concentrations. Performance (measured as race time) was inversely correlated with changes in specific metabolites (including taurine, serotonin, and hypoxanthine) and directly correlated with increases in glutathione. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of metabolomics studies for analyzing exercise-induced physiological changes and show individual differences associated with the level of training and performance.

[Small cell neuroendocrine tumour of the bladder: with reference to a case and bibliographical revision]. / Tumor neuroendocrino vesical de célula pequeña: a propósito de un caso y revisión bibliográfica.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The small cell neuroendocrine tumour is an infrecuent neoplasia, with inmunohistochemistry being the key to diagnosis. We present a new case making reference to treatment and its evolution there after. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The clinic, diagnosis and treatment of this tumour is described. Bibliographical revision follours. CONCLUSIONS: The neuroendocrine tumour of small cell is an infrecuent neoplasia, in which the inmunohistochemistry study is key in the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis includes the high degree diferentiation transitionals cells carcinoma and primary and secondary linfoma. The standard treatment is based on chemotherapy plus surgery.

Tumor neuroendocrino vesical de célula pequeña: a propósito de un caso y revisión bibliográfica / Small cell neuroendocrine tumour of the bladder: with reference to a case and bibliographical revision

Introducción y objetivos: El tumor neuroendocrino de célula pequeña es una neoplasia infrecuente, siendo el estudio inmunohistoquímico clave en el diagnóstico. Aportamos un nuevo caso, hacemos referencia al plan de tratamiento y evolución en los primeros meses tras el mismo. Material y métodos: Se describe la clínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento de este tumor. Revisión bibliográfica. Conclusiones: El tumor neuroendocrino de célula pequeña es una neoplasia infrecuente, en la que el estudio inmunohistoquímico es clave en el diagnóstico. El diagnóstico diferencial incluye el carcinoma de células transicionales de alto grado y el linfoma primario y secundario. El tratamiento estándar se basa en quimioterapia más cirugía

Introduction and objectives: The small cell neuroendocrine tumour is an infrecuent neoplasia, with inmunohistochemistry being the key to diagnosis. We present a new case making reference to treatment and its evolution there after. Material and methods: The clinic, diagnosis and treatment of this tumour is described. Bibliographical revision follours. Conclusions: The neuroendocrine tumour of small cell is an infrecuent neoplasia, in which the inmunohistochemistry study is key in the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis includes the high degree diferentiation transitionals cells carcinoma and primary and secondary linfoma. The standard treatment is based on chemotherapy plus surgery