RESUMO
Alcoholic and nonalcoholic subjects rated the degree of control that they and others possess over future life events. Alcoholics attributed less personal control over events to themselves than nonalcoholics did. Alcoholics also attributed less control to themselves than to others, whereas nonalcoholics attributed more control to themselves than to others. These differences prevailed despite the similar socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, recent life experiences and beliefs concerning the general controllability of events of both alcoholics and nonalcoholics. The attributions of alcoholics were consistent with others' notions of self-handicapping. The attributions of nonalcoholics were consistent with control motivation. Alcoholics who attributed less control to themselves than to others more frequently failed to complete treatment than did alcoholics who attributed more control to themselves.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/psicologia , Controle Interno-Externo , Alcoolismo/terapia , Humanos , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Motivação , Pacientes Desistentes do Tratamento/psicologiaRESUMO
How substance-abusing individuals early and late in treatment explain the problem behavior of other substance abusers is analyzed in attributional terms. Alcoholism was chosen as the problem of interest. Subjects were 42 male alcoholics newly enrolled in a treatment program, 41 male alcoholics nearing the completion of the program, and 46 male nonalcoholic controls. All subjects viewed a videotape interview with an actor who was identified as an alcoholic or not identified. As predicted, early-treatment alcoholics made greater situational attributions to the "alcoholic" and greater dispositional attributions to the "nonalcoholic" actor in comparison to the late-treatment alcoholics and controls. Early-treatment alcoholics, more than late-treatment alcoholics or controls, rated the actor labeled as alcoholic to be more similar to themselves. Discussion focuses on the applicability of attribution theory to problems of substance abuse.
Assuntos
Controle Interno-Externo , Teoria Psicológica , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Humanos , Identificação Psicológica , Masculino , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapiaRESUMO
Alcoholics attributed an alcoholic's behavior to internal or dispositional factors. Alcoholics identified more closely with alcoholics who could succeed and nonalcoholics who failed than with nonalcoholics who could succeed and alcoholics who failed.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/psicologia , Controle Interno-Externo , Adulto , Empatia , Retroalimentação , Humanos , Identificação Psicológica , Maquiavelismo , Masculino , PersonalidadeRESUMO
Fifty alcoholics successfully completing a 2-month rehabilitation program were administered the I-E Scale and a drinking locus of control scale during their first week in treatment and again the week prior to discharge from treatment. A test--retest non-alcoholic control group was administered the I-E Scale at a 7-week interval. Alcoholics were significantly more internal with regard to their behavior in general and their drinking behavior in particular at the close of treatment than at the onset. The control group evidenced no change. It was suggested that the alcoholics perceived internality was a function of exposure to treatment rather than a predisposing personality dimension.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/reabilitação , Controle Interno-Externo , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Alcoólicos Anônimos , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Aconselhamento , Humanos , Masculino , Métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Alcoholics electing to take disulfiram were significantly more externally oriented, as measured by Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, than were alcoholics not electing to take disulfiram.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/tratamento farmacológico , Dissulfiram/uso terapêutico , Orientação , Adulto , Alcoólicos Anônimos , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Alcoolismo/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Internally oriented patients' scores on Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale remained the same over treatment but those of externally oriented patients shifted toward greater internal control.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/terapia , Hospitalização , Controle Interno-Externo , Testes Psicológicos , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de PersonalidadeAssuntos
Alcoólicos Anônimos , Alcoolismo/terapia , Psicoterapia de Grupo , Adulto , Arizona , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
A dose of alcohol producing a mean blood alcohol concentration of 0.09% slowed the peak of later components of visually evoked potentials recorded from the occipital scalp. Simple visuomotor reaction time was also slower in a low-motivation nonreward condition.
Assuntos
Etanol/farmacologia , Potenciais Evocados/efeitos dos fármacos , Tempo de Reação/efeitos dos fármacos , Recompensa , Córtex Visual/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Atenção/fisiologia , Discriminação Psicológica/fisiologia , Etanol/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Estimulação LuminosaRESUMO
The effects of three compliance techniques were examined. None elicited more returns than did a conventional mailed questionnaire.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/reabilitação , Cooperação do Paciente , Comunicação Persuasiva , Seguimentos , Humanos , Recompensa , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Women alcoholics had higher scores than women social drinkers (indicating greater external control orientation) on both the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale and a Locus of Drinking Control Scale.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo , Controle Interno-Externo , Fatores Etários , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Alcoolismo/reabilitação , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
The study examined the effect of a dose of alcohol producing a mean blood alcohol content of 90 mg% on components of the scalp-recorded visually evoked potential (VEP) both with and without a visual discrimination task to control the level of attention, and the interaction of amplitudinal hemispheric asymmetry of the VEP with alcohol treatment and the discrimination task. Ingestion of ethyl alcohol producing a mean blood alcohol content of 90 mg% affected VEPs recorded from the central scalp by attenuating the overall amplitude of the later VEP components (60-200 msec) and by significantly reducing hemispheric asymmetry in the amplitude of these VEP components. Alcohol attenuates VEP components P90-N120 and N120-P180, and the task of counting flashes and attending to discriminate double flashes increased amplitude of VEP components N60-P90 and P90-N120 in control and placebo conditions. Several studies have reported that the VEP recorded from the right hemisphere of human beings is larger than the VEP recorded from the homologous location in the left hemisphere. Evoked potentials recorded under control and placebo conditions in this study also demonstrated a hemispheric asymmetry with right larger than left for component P90-N120. We also found a reliable alcohol by hemispheric asymmetry interaction. Alcohol selectively depressed the amplitude of the right hemisphere VEP (P90-N120) component to a significantly greater extent than the left hemisphere VEP was affected.
Assuntos
Atenção/efeitos dos fármacos , Etanol/farmacologia , Potenciais Evocados/efeitos dos fármacos , Percepção Visual/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Discriminação Psicológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Eletroencefalografia , Etanol/sangue , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Lateralidade Funcional , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo , Córtex Visual/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The self-perceived locus of control of three groups of alcoholics who had had varying amounts of exposure to treatment was measured on the Internal-External (I-E) scale. Alcoholics who had had more treatment perceived themselves in greater control of their behavior in general and of their drinking in particualar than those who had had less treatment.