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1.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 62(2): 210-5, 2008 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18715733

RESUMO

In vitro cefditoren antimicrobial activity was tested against 288 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 220 Haemophilus influenzae clinical strains isolated in our hospital from January 2005 to May 2006 by agar dilution and broth microdilution method, respectively. MICs were also determined for 13 and 10 comparison drugs, respectively. The pneumococci tested comprised 113 (39.2%) penicillin susceptible, 91 (31.6%) penicillin intermediate, and 84 (29.2%) penicillin resistant. Cefditoren was the most active drug on the basis of the MICs (MIC(90)=0.5 microg/mL), followed by ceftriaxone and levofloxacin (MIC(90)=1 microg/mL). Cefditoren MICs ranged from 0.25 to 1 microg/mL for ceftriaxone-resistant isolates, with a modal MIC of 0.5 microg/mL and an MIC(90) of 1.0 microg/mL. No S. pneumoniae isolates evaluated in this study showed MICs to cefditoren higher than 1 microg/mL (MIC range, 4 microg/mL). Against H. influenzae (Hi beta+), the rank order of intrinsic activity (MIC(90), microg/mL) was cefditoren (0.03) < cefixime (0.06)8.0).


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cefalosporinas/farmacologia , Haemophilus influenzae/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Infecções por Haemophilus/microbiologia , Haemophilus influenzae/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resistência às Penicilinas , Infecções Pneumocócicas/microbiologia , Pneumonia Pneumocócica/microbiologia , Espanha , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação
2.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ; 26(1): 4-9, 2008 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18208759

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Susceptibility to seven betalactam antibiotics, glycopeptides and aminoglycosides was investigated in 190 erythromycin-resistant alpha-hemolytic streptococci and 30 Gemella spp, mainly from normal flora. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by a standard agar diffusion test and a standard agar dilution method according to NCCLS/CLSI criteria. RESULTS: 62.6% of alfahemolytic streptococci and 53.3% of Gemella spp. were not susceptible to penicillin (MIC50: 0,5 microg/mL). Cefuroxime was the least active cephalosporin (MIC50: 1 microg/mL and 0.5 microg/mL, in streptococci and Gemella spp., respectively), whereas cefotaxime, ceftriaxone (MIC50: 0.25 microg/mL) and cefepime (MIC50: 0.5 microg/mL) were more active than penicillin. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin and gentamicin. Four alfahemolytic streptococcal strains showed high-level resistance to streptomycin, and three strains to kanamycin. There were no significant differences in resistance rates to the antibiotics studied between strains with different macrolide resistance phenotypes. Resistance to penicillin and other betalactam antibiotics (73.8%) was prevalent in M phenotype strains and resistance to penicillin and other classes of antibiotics predominated in constitutive (cMLS(B)) strains (71.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Resistance to penicillin in erythromycin-resistant strains was notably high in this study. This fact has important clinical implications because of the endogenous character of alpha-hemolytic streptococcal and Gemella spp. infections. The lower cefuroxime activity suggests that use of this agent against other pathogens would be effective in preserving the oropharyngeal microflora analyzed.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Glicopeptídeos/farmacologia , Staphylococcaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Lactamas/farmacologia , Aminoglicosídeos/farmacologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Proteínas Hemolisinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Abscesso Pulmonar/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Faringite/microbiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia
3.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-058457

RESUMO

Objetivo. Se investigó la sensibilidad de 190 estreptococos alfahemolíticos y 30 Gemella spp., en su mayoría comensales y resistentes a eritromicina, frente a 7 antibióticos betalactámicos, glucopépticos y aminoglucósidos. Material y métodos. Para determinar la sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos se utilizaron las técnicas de dilución y difusión en agar, según las normas del National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards/Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (NCCLS/CLSI). Resultados. El 62,6% de los estreptococos alfahemolíticos y el 53,3% de Gemella spp. no fueron sensibles a penicilina (concentración inhibitoria mínima al 50% [CIM50]: 0,5 mg/ml). Cefuroxima fue la cefalosporina que presentó menor actividad (CIM50: 1 mg/ml y 0,5 mg/ml, en estreptococos y Gemella spp.), mientras que cefotaxima, ceftriaxona (CIM50: 0,25 mg/ml) y cefepima (CIM50: 0,5 mg/ml) presentaron una actividad superior a penicilina. El 100% de los aislamientos fueron sensibles a vancomicina, teicoplanina y gentamicina. Cuatro cepas de estreptococos alfahemolíticos presentaron resistencia de alto nivel a estreptomicina y tres a kanamicina. No hubo diferencia significativa en el comportamiento de los antibióticos estudiados frente a las cepas con diferente fenotipo de resistencia a macrólidos. Tanto en los aislamientos con fenotipo M como en aquéllos con fenotipo constitutivo (MLSBc) predominó la resistencia a penicilina y a otros antibióticos betalactámicos frente al patrón de resistencia, que incluye sólo penicilina o bien penicilina, otros antibióticos betalactámicos y aminoglucósidos. Conclusiones. Las tasas de resistencia a penicilina en las cepas comensales resistentes a eritromicina son particularmente elevadas, hecho que tiene una importante implicación clínica por el carácter endógeno de las infecciones causadas por estas bacterias. La menor actividad de cefuroxima podría sugerir que su utilización frente a otros patógenos preservaría en mayor grado a la microbiota orofaríngea estudiada (AU)


Objective. Susceptibility to seven betalactam antibiotics, glycopeptides and aminoglycosides was investigated in 190 erythromycin-resistant alfahemolytic streptococci and 30 Gemella spp, mainly from normal flora. Material and methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by a standard agar diffusion test and a standard agar dilution method according to NCCLS/CLSI criteria. Results. 62.6% of alfahemolytic streptococci and 53.3% of Gemella spp. were not susceptible to penicillin (MIC50: 0,5 mg/mL). Cefuroxime was the least active cephalosporin (MIC50: 1 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL, in streptococci and Gemella spp., respectively), whereas cefotaxime, ceftriaxone (MIC50: 0.25 mg/mL) and cefepime (MIC50: 0.5 mg/mL) were more active than penicillin. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin and gentamicin. Four alfahemolytic streptococcal strains showed high-level resistance to streptomycin, and three strains to kanamycin. There were no significant differences in resistance rates to the antibiotics studied between strains with different macrolide resistance phenotypes. Resistance to penicillin and other betalactam antibiotics (73.8%) was prevalent in M phenotype strains and resistance to penicillin and other classes of antibiotics predominated in constitutive (cMLSB) strains (71.4%). Conclusions. Resistance to penicillin in erythromycin-resistant strains was notably high in this study. This fact has important clinical implications because of the endogenous character of alfahemolytic streptococcal and Gemella spp. infections. The lower cefuroxime activity suggests that use of this agent against other pathogens would be effective in preserving the oropharyngeal microflora analyzed (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactamas/farmacocinética , Aminoglicosídeos/farmacocinética , Glicopeptídeos/farmacocinética , Streptococcus/patogenicidade , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcaceae/patogenicidade , Eritromicina/farmacocinética , Resistência a Medicamentos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
4.
Rev. oftalmol. venez ; 43(2): 172-5, abr.-jun. 1985.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-1063

RESUMO

Revisión del síndrome de Moebius, presentando un caso personal, con antecedentes familiares, lazos de consanguinidad entre los padres, que hemos tenido la oportunidad de ver a los 7 años de edad; con una A.V. normal, ortoforia en P.P.M., fuerte restricción de los movimientos laterales y lesión parcial del VII par. Se acompaña de alteraciones dentarias. Desarrollo mental normal


Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Anormalidades Múltiplas , Paralisia Facial/congênito , Paralisia Facial/genética
5.
Rev. oftalmol. venez ; 43(1): 60-9, ene.-mar. 1985. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-1053

RESUMO

Se revisa brevemente la insuficiencia de convergencia, diagnóstico. Se tomaronm165 pacientes de la consulta privada, cuyo motivo de consulta era cefalea. A todos se les practicó examen oftalmológico completo. En 105 pacientes se encontró insuficiencia de convergencia, a 65 se les practicó evaluación sensorial; de éstos, 20 fueron tratados con ortóptica, quedando todos con p.p.c. y amplitud de fusión dentro de límites normales y asintomáticos


Assuntos
Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estrabismo/complicações , Cefaleia/etiologia , Estrabismo/terapia
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