RESUMO
Emphysematous gastritis is a rare form of phlegmonous gastritis caused by invasion of the stomach wall by gas-forming bacteria. This clinical entity was first described by Fraenkel in 1889. The authors report the case of a 58-year-old patient with end-stage renal failure under treatment with hemodialysis for the past year. He was admitted on account of pain in the lower abdomen. During the diagnostic procedure, emphysematous gastritis and acute cholecystitis were confirmed. An acute abdomen developed and an emergency laparotomy was performed. During the procedure, the necrotic gallbladder was removed. The patient died on the following day due to multiorgan failure and septic shock. According to the literature, emphysematous gastritis is generally a fatal disease. Air in the wall of the stomach is a rare finding with a broad differential diagnosis.