Spectroscopic study on volasertib: Highly stable complexes with albumin and encapsulation into alginate/montmorillonite bionanocomposites.

In the present work, we study different physicochemical properties related to LADME processes of volasertib, a Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor in advanced clinical trials. Firstly, the protonation equilibria, the extent of ionization at the physiological pH and pKa values of this drug are studied combining spectroscopic techniques and computational calculations. Secondly, the binding process of volasertib to the human serum albumin (HSA) protein is analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy. We report a high binding constant to HSA (Ka = 4.10 × 106 M-1) and their pharmacokinetic implications are discussed accordingly. The negative enthalpy and entropy (ΔH0 = -54.49 kJ/mol; ΔS0 = -58.90 J K-1 mol-1) determined for the binding process suggests the implication of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions in the formation of the HSA-volasertib complex. Additionally, volasertib is encapsulated in an alginate/montmorillonite bionanocomposite as a proof of concept for an oral delivery nanocarrier. The physical properties of that nanocomposite as well as volasertib delivery kinetics are analyzed.

Protein aggregation monitoring in cells under oxidative stress: a novel fluorescent probe based on a 7-azaindole-BODIPY derivative.

The development of new fluorescent probes as molecular sensors is a critical step for the understanding of molecular mechanisms. BODIPY-based probes offer versatility due to their high fluorescence quantum yields, photostability, and tunable absorption/emission wavelengths. Here, we report the synthesis and evaluation of a novel 7-azaindole-BODIPY derivative to probe hydrophobic proteins as well as protein misfolding and aggregation. In organic solvents, this compound shows two efficiently interconverting emissive excited states. In aqueous environments, it forms molecular aggregates with unique photophysical properties. The complex photophysics of the 7-azaindole-BODIPY derivative was explored for sensing applications. In the presence of albumin, the compound is stabilized in hydrophobic protein regions, significantly increasing its fluorescence emission intensity and lifetime. Similar effects occur in the presence of protein aggregates but not with other macromolecules like pepsin, DNA, Ficoll 40, and coconut oil. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and two-photon fluorescence microscopy on breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549) cancer cells incubated with this compound display longer fluorescence lifetimes and higher emission intensity under oxidative stress. Synchrotron FTIR micro spectroscopy confirmed that the photophysical changes observed were due to protein misfolding and aggregation caused by the oxidative stress. These findings demonstrate that this compound can serve as a fluorescent probe to monitor protein misfolding and aggregation triggered by oxidative stress.

Fluorescence lifetime nanothermometer based on the equilibrium formation of anthracene AIE-excimers in living cells.

The effective measurement of temperature in living systems at the nano and microscopic scales continues to be a challenge to this day. Here, we study the use of 2-(anthracen-2-yl)-1,3-diisopropylguanidine, 1, as a nanothermometer based on fluorescence lifetime measurements and its bioimaging applications. In aqueous solution, 1 is shown in aggregated form and the equilibrium between the two main aggregate types (T-shaped and π-π) is highly sensitive to the temperature. The heating of the medium shifts the equilibrium toward the formation of highly emissive T-shaped aggregates. This species shows a high fluorescence emission and a long lifetime in comparison with the π-π aggregates and the freé monomer. A linear relationship between the fluorescence lifetime and the temperature both in aqueous solution and in a synthetic intracellular buffer was found. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) also showed a linear relationship between lifetime and temperature with an excellent sensitivity in MCF7 breast cancer cells, which opens the door for its potential use as FLIM nanothermometer in the biomedical field.

Concomitant Light-Reversible Magnetic Response in Multiferroic Oxide Heterostructures for Multiphysics Applications.

The concept of multiphysics, where materials respond to diverse external stimuli, such as magnetic fields, electric fields, light irradiation, stress, heat, and chemical reactions, plays a fundamental role in the development of innovative devices. Nanomanufacturing, especially in low-dimensional systems, enhances the synergistic interactions taking place on the nanoscale. Light-matter interaction, rather than electric fields, holds great promise for achieving low-power, wireless control over magnetism, solving two major technological problems: the feasibility of electrical contacts at smaller scales and the undesired heating of the devices. Here, we shed light on the remarkable reversible modulation of magnetism using visible light in epitaxial Fe3O4/BaTiO3 heterostructure. This achievement is underpinned by the convergence of two distinct mechanisms. First, the magnetoelastic effect, triggered by ferroelectric domain switching, induces a proportional change in coercivity and remanence upon laser illumination. Second, light-matter interaction induces charged ferroelectric domain walls' electrostatic decompensations, acting intimately on the magnetization of the epitaxial Fe3O4 film by magnetoelectric coupling. Crucially, our experimental results vividly illustrate the capability to manipulate magnetic properties using visible light. This concomitant mechanism provides a promising avenue for low-intensity visible-light manipulation of magnetism, offering potential applications in multiferroic devices.

Reversible optical control of magnetism in engineered artificial multiferroics.

Optical means instead of electric fields may offer a new pathway for low-power and wireless control of magnetism, holding great potential to design next-generation memory and spintronic devices. Artificial multiferroic materials have shown remarkable suitability as platforms towards the optical control of magnetic properties. However, the practical use of magnetic modulation should be both stable and reversible and, particularly, it should occur at room temperature. Here we show an unprecedented reversible modulation of magnetism using low-intensity visible-light in Fe75Al25/BaTiO3 heterostructures, at room temperature. This is enabled by the existence of highly oriented charged domain walls arranged in arrays of alternating in-plane and out-of-plane ferroelectric domains with stripe morphology. Light actuation yields a net anisotropic stress caused by ferroelectric domain switching, which leads to a 90-degree reorientation of the magnetic easy axis. Significant changes in the coercivity and squareness ratio of the hysteresis loops can be light-modulated, encouraging the development of novel low energy-consumption wireless magneto-optical devices.

Formation of Highly Emissive Anthracene Excimers for Aggregation-Induced Emission/Self-Assembly Directed (Bio)imaging.

AIEgens have emerged as a promising alternative to molecular rotors in bioimaging applications. However, transferring the concept of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) from solution to living systems remains a challenge. Given the highly heterogeneous nature and the compartmentalization of the cell, different approaches are needed to control the self-assembly within the crowded intricate cellular environment. Herein, we report for the first time the self-assembly mechanism of an anthracene-guanidine derivative (AG) forming the rare and highly emissive T-shaped dimer in breast cancer cell lines as a proof of concept. This process is highly sensitive to the local environment in terms of polarity, viscosity, and/or water quantity that should enable the use of the AG as a fluorescence lifetime imaging biosensor for intracellular imaging of cellular structures and the monitoring of intracellular state parameters. Different populations of the monomer and T-shaped and π-π dimers were observed in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleoplasm, related to the local viscosity and presence of water. The T-shaped dimer is formed preferentially in the nucleus because of the higher density and viscosity compared to the cytoplasm. The present results should serve as a precursor for the development of new design strategies for molecular systems for a wide range of applications such as cell viscosity, density, or temperature sensing and imaging.

An Evaluation of Burnout Among US Rheumatology Fellows: A National Survey.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate levels of burnout and correlates of burnout among US rheumatology fellows. METHODS: US rheumatology fellows were invited to complete an electronic survey in 2019. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Measures of depression, fatigue, quality of life, and training year were also collected. Open-ended questions about perceived factors to promote resiliency and factors leading to increased burnout were included. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine correlates of burnout. Open-ended responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The response rate was 18% (105/582 pediatric and adult rheumatology fellows). Over one-third (38.5%) of postgraduate year (PGY) 4 and 16.7% of PGY5/6 fellows reported at least 1 symptom of burnout. Of PGY4 fellows, 12.8% met criteria for depression compared with 2.4% of PGY5/6 fellows. PGY4 fellows reported worse fatigue and poorer quality of life compared with PGY5/6. In multivariable models controlling for training year and gender, older age (> 31 years) was associated with lower odds of burnout. Thematic analysis of open-ended responses identified factors that help reduce burnout: exercise, family/friends, sleep, support at work, and hobbies. Factors contributing to burnout: pager, documentation, long hours, demands of patient care, and presentations and expectations. CONCLUSION: This national survey of US rheumatology fellows reveals that early trainee level and younger age are associated with worse levels of fatigue, quality of life, and burnout. Although awareness of and strategies to reduce burnout are needed for all fellows, targeted interventions for younger fellows and those in their first year of training may be of highest yield.

Evolutionary timeline of a modeled cell.

A theoretical study of cell evolution is presented here. By using a toolbox containing an intracellular catalytic reaction network model and a mutation-selection process, four distinct phases of self-organization were unveiled. First, the nutrients prevail as the central substrate of the chemical reactions. Second, the cell becomes a small-world. Third, a highly connected core component emerges, concurrently with the nutrient carriers becoming the central product of reactions. Finally, the cell reaches a steady configuration where the concentrations of the core chemical species are described by Zipf's law.

Experiencia en el tratamiento del divertículo de Meckel con abordaje abierto versus laparoscópico-asistido supraumbilical en niños / Experience in the treatment of Meckel's diverticulum with an open approach versus laparoscopic-assisted supraumbilical in children

Introducción: El divertículo de Meckel (DdM) es la malformación intestinal congénita más común diagnosticada intraoperatoriamente y requiere una resolución quirúrgica una vez conocido el diagnóstico. El presente estudio describe la experiencia en el tratamiento quirúrgico abierto y laparoscópico del DdM. Metodología: El presente estudio transversal retrospectivo, se realizó en niños tratados en el Hospital de Niños Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde, Guayaquil Ecuador, en un periodo de 8 años con diagnóstico de divertículo de Meckel; se analizan variables como: edad, sexo, síntomas, diagnóstico posquirúrgico, técnica quirúrgica, estancia hospitalaria, complicaciones, resultados de biopsia, presentación clínica. Se utiliza estadística descriptiva univariada. Resultados: Se analizan 81 casos, 52 hombres (64%), 25 lactantes (31%), 23 adolescentes (28%). 50 casos (62%) se presentaron como abdomen agudo, 17 casos (21%) se presentaron como hemorragia intestinal. El DdM incidental durante una apendicitis aguda fue realizado en forma incidental en 23 casos (52%). Fueron 67 casos (83%) fueron sometidos a cirugía abierta y 14 casos (17%) fueron sometidos a cirugía combinada. Las complicaciones fueron 8/67 casos (11.9%) en cirugía abierta, y 1/14 casos (7.1%) en cirugía combinada (P=0.60). Conclusión: La resección laparoscópica de DdM no aumentó el riesgo de morbilidad o el tiempo operatorio.

Introduction: Meckel's diverticulum (MsD) is the most common congenital intestinal malformation diag-nosed intraoperatively and requires surgical resolution once the diagnosis is known. The present study de-scribes the experience in the open and laparoscopic surgical treatment of MsD. Methodology: This cross-sectional - retrospective study was carried out in children treated at the Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Children's Hospital, Guayaquil - Ecuador, for over eight years with a diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum; variables such as age, sex, symptoms, post-surgical diagnosis, surgical technique, hospital stay, complications, biopsy results, clinical presentation are analyzed. Univariate descriptive statistics are used. Results: 81 cases were analyzed, 52 men (64%), 25 infants (31%), 23 adolescents (28%). 50 cases (62%) pre-sented as acute abdomen, and 17 cases (21%) presented as intestinal hemorrhage. Incidental MD during acute appendicitis was performed incidentally in 23 cases (52%). 67 cases (83%) underwent open surgery, and 14 (17%) underwent combined surgery. Complications were 8/67 cases (11.9%) in open surgery and 1/14 cases (7.1%) in combined surgery (P=0.60). Conclusion: Laparoscopic resection of MsD did not increase the risk of morbidity or operative time.

Salud mental positiva: entre el bienestar y el desarrollo de capacidades / Positive mental health: between well-being and capacity development

Resumen Los esfuerzos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud por trascender los modelos biomédicos y comportamentales para la explicación de la salud han resaltado el bienestar como elemento clave en esta tarea. La inclusión del concepto de bienestar en las definiciones de salud mental ha provocado, en muchas ocasiones, la utilización de ambos conceptos como sinónimos, sin embargo, difícilmente el bienestar por sí solo puede dar cuenta de la salud mental de una persona. Este artículo de reflexión tiene como objetivo presentar el concepto de capacidad desde el campo del desarrollo humano, como respuesta a las limitaciones que presentan los modelos de bienestar, y los aportes que tendría su utilización en la construcción de una definición de salud mental a partir del enfoque socioeconómico y en la consolidación de una estrategia de promoción de la salud mental.

Abstract The efforts of the World Health Organization to transcend biomedical and behavioral explanations of health have highlighted well-being as a key element in this task. The inclusion of well-being concept in mental health definitions has caused, on many occasions, the use of both concepts as synonyms, however, well-being cannot hardly define by its own a person's mental health. This article aims to introduce the concept of capacity from the field of human development as a response to the limitations presented by well-being models and the contributions that their implementation would have in the construction of a definition for mental health from the socioeconomic approach and consolidate a strategy to promote mental health.

Respiratory Protection Perceptions among Malian Health Workers: Insights from the Health Belief Model.

Reusable respiratory protective devices called elastomeric respirators have demonstrated their effectiveness and acceptability in well-resourced healthcare settings. Using standard qualitative research methods, we explored the feasibility of elastomeric respirator use in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We conducted interviews and focus groups with a convenience sample of health workers at one clinical center in Mali. Participants were users of elastomeric and/or traditional N95 respirators, their supervisors, and program leaders. Interview transcripts of participants were analyzed using a priori constructs from the Health Belief Model (HBM) and a previous study about healthcare respirator use. In addition to HBM constructs, the team identified two additional constructs impacting uptake of respirator use (system-level factors and cultural factors). Together, these framed the perceptions of Malian health workers and highlighted both facilitators of and barriers to respirator use uptake. As needs for respiratory protection from airborne infectious hazards become more commonly recognized, elastomeric respirators may be a sustainable and economic solution for health worker protection in LMIC.

A Novel Quantum Dot-Based pH Probe for Long-Term Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Experiments in Living Cells.

The use of two nanoparticles for quantitative pH measurements in live cells by means of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is investigated here. These nanoparticles are based on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), functionalized with N-acetylcysteine (CdSe/ZnS-A) and with a small peptide containing D-penicillamine and histidine (CdSe/ZnS-PH). CdSe/ZnS-A has tendency to aggregate and nonlinear pH sensitivity in a complex medium containing salts and macromolecules. On the contrary, CdSe/ZnS-PH shows chemical stability, low toxicity, efficient uptake in C3H10T1/2 cells, and good performance as an FLIM probe. CdSe/ZnS-PH also has key advantages over a recently reported probe based on a CdSe/ZnS QD functionalized with D-penicillamine (longer lifetimes and higher pH-sensitivity). A pH(±2σ) of 6.97 ± 0.14 was determined for C3H10T1/2 cells by FLIM employing this nanoprobe. In addition, the fluorescence lifetime signal remains nearly constant for C3H10T1/2 cells treated with CdSe/ZnS-PH for 24 h. These results show the promising applications of this nanoprobe to monitor the intracellular pH and cell state employing the FLIM technique.

Validation of a brief version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale with a Spanish speaking population (DERS-S SF) / Validación de una versión breve de la Escala de Dificultades en la Regulación Emocional con población hispanohablante (DERS-S SF)

Abstract Emotion regulation refers to all the processes involved in adapting to relatively strong emotional episodes, and specifically to identifying, differentiating and monitoring intense emotional states in order to cope with stressful situations. Difficulties in regulating emotions are associated with problems such as depression, anxiety and maladaptive behaviors. The DERS (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale) is the most complete tool for measuring difficulties with emotion regulation. Several brief versions of this scale in English are described in the literature, but no a brief Spanish version has been found. The purpose of this study is to validate a brief version of the DERS in Spanish. The DERS tool was used with a Spanish speaking population (n=351, inhabitants of Cartagena, Colombia, 56% were woman, Mage 39 years, SD = 14.98) who responded the 5-point Likert scale. The brief version (18 items) was validated using confirmatory factor analysis (X2 / df = 1.19, CFI= .99, TLI = .99, RMSEA=.02). However, neither the reliability nor the stability of the awareness dimension was confirmed. This point and other results are examined on the light of extant literature.

Resumen La regulación de las emociones se refiere a todos los procesos involucrados en la adaptación a episodios emocionales relativamente fuertes y, específicamente, en la identificación, diferenciación y seguimiento de estados emocionales intensos para hacer frente a situaciones estresantes. Las dificultades para regular las emociones están asociadas con problemas como la depresión, la ansiedad y los comportamientos desadaptativos. La Escala de Dificultades en la Regulación de las Emociones (DERS) es la herramienta más completa para medir las dificultades con la regulación de las emociones. En la literatura se describen varias versiones breves de esta escala en inglés, pero no se ha encontrado una versión breve en español. El propósito de este estudio es validar una versión breve del DERS en español. Se utilizó la herramienta DERS con una población hispanohablante (n = 351, habitantes de Cartagena, Colombia, 56% eran mujeres, Medad 39 años, DE = 14,98) que respondió la escala Likert de 5 puntos. La versión breve (18 ítems) se validó mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio (X2 / df = 1.19, CFI= .99, TLI = .99, RMSEA=.02). Sin embargo, no se confirmó ni la fiabilidad ni la estabilidad de la dimensión de conciencia. Este punto y otros resultados se examinan a la luz de la literatura existente.

Photocontrolled Strain in Polycrystalline Ferroelectrics via Domain Engineering Strategy.

The use of photonic concepts to achieve nanoactuation based on light triggering requires complex architectures to obtain the desired effect. In this context, the recent discovery of reversible optical control of the domain configuration in ferroelectrics offers a light-ferroic interplay that can be easily controlled. To date, however, the optical control of ferroelectric domains has been explored in single crystals, although polycrystals are technologically more desirable because they can be manufactured in a scalable and reproducible fashion. Here we report experimental evidence for a large photostrain response in polycrystalline BaTiO3 that is comparable to their electrostrain values. Domains engineering is performed through grain size control, thereby evidencing that charged domain walls appear to be the functional interfaces for the light-driven domain switching. The findings shed light on the design of high-performance photoactuators based on ferroelectric ceramics, providing a feasible alternative to conventional voltage-driven nanoactuators.

Vulneración a la integridad física de personas mayores: prevalencia del maltrato y factores asociados / Violation of the Physical Integrity of the Elderly: Prevalence of Abuse and Related Factors

Resumen El envejecimiento poblacional que experimenta actualmente América Latina trae consigo retos para la sociedad, como la prevención de la vulneración a los derechos humanos y libertades de las personas mayores y la eliminación de todas las formas de maltrato. La prevalencia de maltrato físico a personas mayores fue de 4,1%. Se presentó principalmente en mujeres, personas sin pareja y con ingreso económico. Además, fue más prevalente en personas mayores con riesgo de depresión, ante cedentes de pensamientos suicidas, insatisfacción con la salud y que convivían con familias disfuncionales. Los hallazgos de esta investigación muestran como las re laciones familiares pueden ser un factor clave a la hora de abordar la problemática del maltrato; además, las graves repercusiones que generan estos hechos sobre la víctima, como afectaciones no solo a la salud física sino también mental.

Abstract The ageing population currently experienced by Latin America brings with it cha llenges for society, such as the prevention of human rights violation and freedoms of the elderly, and the elimination of all forms of abuse. The prevalence of physical abuse for the elderly was 4.1%. It was mainly presented in women, people without a partner, and with financial income. In addition, it was more prevalent in older people at risk of depression, a history of suicidal thoughts, dissatisfaction with health, and living with dysfunctional families. The findings of this research show how family re lationships can be a key factor in addressing the problem of abuse. In addition, the serious impact of these facts on the victim, such as affectations not only to physical health, but also to mental health.

Institutional practices in maternal health according to social class. Bogotá, Colombia, 2018 / Prácticas institucionales en salud en maternas según clase social. Bogotá, Colombia, 2018

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender las prácticas institucionales en salud que se realizan en las mujeres en embarazo parto y posparto, según la clase social, en Bogotá. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, desde el paradigma de la hermenéutica crítica. Método de etnografía crítica, con muestreo teórico. Participaron 9 mujeres y 8 profesionales de la salud de la ciudad de Bogotá, que asistieron a instituciones públicas y privadas, pertenecientes a los regímenes subsidiado y contributivo del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud (SGSS). Se realizaron 38 entrevistas a profundidad durante 13 meses y 62 acompañamientos a las maternas en las actividadesde control prenatal, vacunación, trabajo de parto, consulta posparto, exámenes de seguimiento, curso psicoprofiláctico, hospitalización y sala de espera, tanto en servicios públicos como privados. Análisis por triangulación en Atlas Ti. Resultados: Teniendo en cuenta los discursos de los actores, la observación participante y el contexto, se encontraron dos categorías que determinan estas inequidades, denominadas el mercado regula la salud, y la vigilancia y el control en los servicios de salud. Conclusiones: En la práctica médica es conveniente fortalecer las competencias ciudadanas para garantizar los derechos del personal de salud y de las mujeres. Estudiar desde la investigación cualitativa es una oportunidad para promover la transformación de las racionalidades médicas que afectan a las mujeres.

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand institutional practices in healthcare as relates to women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period according to social class in Bogota. Materials and methods: Qualitative study based on the critical hermeneutics paradigm. Critical ethnographic method with theoretical sampling. The participants included 9 women and 8 health-care professionals from the city of Bogotá, attending public and private healthcare institutions that serve populations under both the subsidized as well as the contributive regimes of the General Social Security System. Overall, 38 in-depth interviews were conducted during a 13 month period, with 62 instances of support to the mothers in terms of prenatal care, vaccination, labor, postpartum visits, follow-up tests, psychoprophylactic course, hospitalization and waiting room. Triangulation analysis on Atlas Ti. Results: Taking into account the discourse of the different players, observations and context, two categories were found to be determining factors of inequities: "Market-regulated health" and "Over- sight and control in health services". Conclusions: It is advisable in medical practice to build competencies in the population in order to ensure the realization of the rights of women and healthcare personnel. Qualitative research offers the opportunity to promote the transformation of medical rationale affecting women.

Intervenciones de la aorta ascendente: Estudio transversal en dos Instituciones de Salud de la Ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador / Ascending aorta surgical interventions: Cross- Sectional Study in two Health Institutions in Cuenca, Ecuador.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tratamiento de las patologías aneurismáticas de la aorta ascendente (AA) ha evolucionado a través de los años. La técnica quirúrgica propuesta para esta patología es siempre en pro de conservar en medida de lo posible los tejidos nativos. La dilatación aórtica puede ser secundaria a otras patologías. Existe relación con HTA, EPOC, tabaquismo, aterosclerosis, insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva, enfermedad coronaria, síndrome de Marfan. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar a los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente de la aorta ascendente en dos centros médicos de la ciudad de Cuenca- Ecuador, entre Enero del 2014 hasta Agosto 2019. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo y de correlación, de corte transversal. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 23 pacientes sometidos a intervención quirúrgica de aorta ascendente en la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador, en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga y la Clínica Santa Inés desde enero de 2014 hasta agosto 2019. La información se obtuvo de las historias clínicas únicas. RESULTADOS: El rango de edad fue de 27 a 74 años, con una media de 55.57 años. Las comorbilidades encontradas con mayor frecuencia fueron hipertensión arterial (56.5%) y diabetes tipo 2 (17.4%); además un 8.7% de pacientes presentó síndrome de Marfan. El 39% fueron casos de aneurisma de aorta ascendente sin afección valvular importante. La gran mayoría de pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía con técnica de Bentall-De Bono (91%). La mayoría de pacientes (52.2%) no presentó ninguna complicación postquirúrgica. La tasa de mortalidad encontrada en la población de estudio fue 1.3 por cada 10. CONCLUSIONES: Los hombres presentaron con mayor frecuencia cirugía por patología de la aorta. La edad media fue de 55 años. Los diagnósticos en los pacientes estudiados fueron heterogéneos entre SAA y afecciones aórticas primarias o secundarias a valvulopatías. Los síntomas principales fueron angina y disnea; no se encontró una relación entre la presentación clínica con un aumento en la mortalidad. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron HTA y Diabetes Mellitus II. No se lograron identificar relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las complicaciones y las demás variables. La complicación más común fue la re-intervención por sangrado. La mortalidad en nuestro estudio tuvo una disminución progresiva desde el 2014.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of ascending aorta (AA) aneurysms has evolved over the years. The surgical technique for this pathology should always be chosen in favor of preserving native tissues, as much as possible. Aortic dilation can be secondary to other pathologies. There is an association with arterial hypertension, COPD, smoking, atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, Marfan syndrome. The aim of this study was to characterize patients who underwent ascending aorta surgery in two medical centers in Cuenca- Ecuador, between January 2014 and August 2019. METHODS: Cross-Sectional descriptive and correlation study. The study population was formed by 23 patients undergoing an ascending aortic surgical intervention, in the city of Cuenca-Ecuador, at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga or Clínica Santa Inés, from January 2014 to August 2019. Data was obtained from the patient's medical records. RESULTS: The age range went from 27 to 74 years with an average of 55.5 7 years. The most frequently found comorbidities were hypertension (56.5%) and type 2 diabetes (17.4%), 8.7% of the patients presented with Marfan syndrome. The most common diagnosis was ascending aortic aneurysm without significant valve damage (39%). 91% percent of the patients underwent surgery with the Bentall-De Bono technique. The majority of patients (52.2%) did not present any post-surgical complications. The mortality rate found in this population was 1.3 per 10 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Men were more frequently affected. The mean age was 55 years. The studied pathologies were heterogeneous, from SAA to primary or secondary aortic diseases. The main symptoms were angina and dyspnea; there was no significant association between clinical onset and mortality. The most frequent comorbidities were Arterial Hypertension and type II Diabetes. We didn't found any significant associations between complications and the other variables. The most common complication was bleeding that needed re-intervention. Mortality decreased progressively since 2014.

Maltrato al adulto mayor, un problema silencioso / Elder abuse, a silent problem / Maus-tratos aos idosos, um problema silencioso

Resumen Los malos tratos hacia las personas mayores están influenciados por patrones culturales, el contexto histórico, el entorno sociocultural y los juicios de valor que la sociedad construye en torno a la vejez. El maltrato a esta población no ha tenido la misma resonancia en la sociedad que el ejercido a niños y mujeres; sin embargo, en los últimos años ha comenzado a ser visible como un problema de interés público. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo presentar los principales conceptos y características del maltrato al adulto mayor y describir la magnitud de este fenómeno social en el mundo y en Colombia desde 1975 hasta 2018.

Abstract Abuse towards older people is influenced by cultural patterns, the historical context, the socio-cultural environment and the value judgments that society builds around old age. The mistreatment of this population has not had the same resonance in society as the abuse of children and women; however, in recent years it has started to be seen as a problem of public interest. This review aims to present the main concepts and characteristics of elder abuse and describe the magnitude of this social phenomenon worldwide and in Colombia from 1975 until 2018.

Resumo Os maus-tratos aos idosos estão influenciados por padrões culturais, o contexto histórico, o ambiente sociocultural e os juízos de valor que a sociedade constrói ao redor da velhice. Os maus-tratos dirigidos a esta população não têm tido a mesma repercussão na sociedade que o exercido às crianças e mulheres; porém, nos últimos anos se tornou mais visível como um problema de interesse público. A presente revisão tem como objetivo apresentar os principais conceitos e características dos maus-tratos ao idoso e descrever a extensão desse fenômeno social na Colômbia e no mundo desde 1975 até 2018.

Acceso de mujeres en embarazo, parto y post parto a servicios de salud según clase social / Access of women in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum to health services according to social class

Resumen Objetivo: comprender el acceso que tienen las mujeres en situación de embarazo, parto y post parto a los servicios de salud según la clase social en Bogotá (Colombia). Métodos: estudio cualitativo. Perspectiva hermenéutica crítica. Método etnografía crítica. Muestreo teórico. Análisis por triangulación en Atlas Ti. Participaron 9 mujeres y 8 profesionales de la salud. Se realizaron 38 entrevistas a profundidad durante 13 meses y 62 acompañamientos a las maternas en las actividades de control prenatal, vacunación, trabajo de parto, consulta post parto, exámenes de seguimiento, curso Psicoprofiláctico, hospitalización y sala de espera, tanto en servicios públicos como privados. Resultados: existen desigualdades según la clase social en el acceso que tienen las mujeres a los servicios de salud en los siguientes aspectos: acceso a servicio a especialistas, hacer la fila para esperar la atención, la disponibilidad de citas y agenda para programar la cita, perder la cita habiendo llegado al servicio, la prioridad que le dan las instituciones a las maternas, madrugar para conseguir atención, pedir la cita, las condiciones de la espera y elegir la clínica o el personal. Conclusiones: los anteriores aspectos se intensifican en clases sociales con menos ventajas. Se requiere disminuir las desigualdades sociales para disminuir las inequidades en salud.

Abstract Objective: to understand the access that women in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum have to health services according to social class in Bogotá (Colombia). Methods: qualitative study. Critical hermeneutical perspective. Critical ethnography method. Theoretical sampling. Analysis by triangulation in Atlas Ti. 9 women and 8 health professionals participated. 38 in-depth interviews were carried out during 13 months and 62 accompaniments to the maternal in the activities of prenatal control, vaccination, labor, postpartum consultation, follow-up examinations, Psychoprophylactic course, hospitalization and waiting room, both in public services as private. Results: there are inequalities according to social class in the access that women have to health services in the following aspects: access to specialist services, queuing to wait for care, availability of appointments and schedule to schedule the appointment, Missing the appointment having arrived at the service, the priority that institutions give to maternal mothers, getting up early to get care, requesting an appointment, waiting conditions and choosing the clinic or staff. Conclusions: the previous aspects are intensified in social classes with less advantages. Reducing social inequalities is required to decrease health inequities.

[Women in pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum: a look from the feminist point of view]. / Mujeres en embarazo, parto, y posparto: una mirada desde el pensamiento feminista.

This essay analyzes the contributions of the gender approach of feminist thinking to understand the relationship of women in pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum with health service personnel. Origi nal qualitative design research was analyzed, were the relationship of women with health personnel is visualized. It is concluded that the gender approach of feminist thinking is a useful approximation to understand the problem of women's relations with health service personnel in aspects such as obstetric violence, care and the intersection of gender with other categories, in the framework of the health system.

Este ensayo analiza los aportes del enfoque de género del pensamiento feminista para comprender la relación de las mujeres en el embarazo, parto, y posparto con el personal de los servicios de salud. Se analizaron investigaciones originales de diseño cualitativo en las cuales se visualiza la relación de las mujeres con el personal de salud. Se concluye que el enfoque de género del pensamiento feminista es una aproximación útil para comprender la problemática de las relaciones de las mujeres con el personal de los servicios de salud en aspectos como la violencia obstétrica, el cuidado y la intersección del género con otras categorías, en el marco del sistema de salud.