RESUMO
Breast cancer is the leading cancer in females worldwide, the vast majority being carcinomas, and only 0.2-0.3% being sarcomas. Of the mammary sarcomas, extra-osseous osteogenic sarcomas constitute a small heterogeneous group. This communication reports a case of primary extra-osseous osteogenic sarcoma occurring in the breast of a48-year-old female, and presents a literature review of this condition. A pre-requisite for the diagnosis of primary mammary osteogenic sarcoma is the exclusion of an osteogenic sarcoma arising from the underlying ribs or sternum. Like all other osteogenic sarcomas in general, these neoplasms are characterized by the direct formation of osteoid matrix by the tumour cells. Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the breast may arise from metaplastic sarcomatous transformation of neoplastic cells in a primary breast carcinoma, fibroadenoma, malignant phyllodes tumour, or may exceptionally represent a nonphyllodes sarcoma of the breast arising from the soft tissues of an otherwise normal or previously irradiated breast.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal/patologia , Osteossarcoma/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Carcinoma Ductal/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Ductal/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteossarcoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteossarcoma/cirurgia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Congenital duodenal web is a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction in the adult. In this communication, we report a case in whom a preoperative diagnosis of chronic duodenal ulcer had been made. A review of diagnosis was forced by the finding of a normal pylorus at surgery.
Assuntos
Úlcera Duodenal/diagnóstico , Duodeno/anormalidades , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Doença Crônica , Erros de Diagnóstico , Úlcera Duodenal/complicações , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/etiologia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Dissection, light and electron microscopy combined with degeneration induced by intracranial nerve lesions and superficial nerve transection were used to trace the sources of sensory fibres of the inferior conjunctiva of cynomolgus monkeys. Most nerves destined for the inferior conjunctiva were branches of the lacrimal nerve and entered the inferior eyelid laterally. Following unilateral ophthalmic neurotomy in three monkeys and combined ophthalmic/maxillary neurotomy in one monkey, substantial and regular degenerative changes were observed in the nerves and nerve-fibre bundles of the inferior conjunctiva. Following intracranial lesions of the maxillary nerve and of the infra-orbital nerve at its facial hiatus, conjunctival nerves showing induced changes were infrequent (four animals) or absent animal). The results indicate that the inferior conjunctiva is innervated mainly by the ophthalmic nerve contrary to the popular notion that it is innervated mainly or wholly by the infra-orbital branch of the maxillary nerve.
