RESUMO
Chronic alcoholics are all too often not recognized in general practice. Diagnosis is only possible if the doctor assumes potential alcoholism in all his patients. Because of the tendency of the patient and often his family to deny alcohol dependence, diagnosis is only possible by taking psychiatric, somatic and psychosocial aspects into consideration in addition to an independent history. Questionnaires may be helpful. The severity of the dependence on alcohol is not a predictor of success in therapy. In practice, three types of alcoholics may be distinguished: (1) patients with stable social relationships; (2) patients with stable social relationships and severe anxiety or depression with alcohol abuse as an inadequate self medication; (3) patients who are not able to maintain stable relationships. The latter are unlikely to be successfully treated by a family physician. A careful classification of patients according to these simple criteria may reduce the rate of treatment failures. Therapy by the family physician is initiated with an extensive somatic, psychiatric and psychosocial work-up, and maintained by counseling and care. An important factor is close collaboration between physician and social worker. Disulfiram may be a powerful adjunct to the therapy of the family physician if supervised by a trustee. In our departments we work with alcoholics in a joint consultation service involving an internist and a psychiatrist. Two thirds of the patients who consent to supervised disulfiram remain in the program for a year. 3 months after initiation of the treatment, gamma-glutamyltransferase, ASAT, ALAT and MCV are normalized. A follow-up 5 years after treatment indicated the efficacy of this treatment.
