Hydronephrotic atrophy after stable mild or severe partial ureteral obstruction: natural history and recovery after relief of obstruction.

After stable mild or severe partial unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats, the ratio of renal dry weight to whole body weight changes in two phases. In a "destructive phase" of two to six weeks, slight weight reduction occurs in the kidneys with mild obstruction and pronounced weight reduction occurs in those with severe obstruction. Then, in a "steady-state phase", there is no further weight reduction in kidneys with either mild or severe obstruction. Relief of ureteral obstruction during the steady-state phase does not result in an increase in renal dry weight. We conclude that the development of hydronephrotic atrophy after stable mild or severe partial unilateral ureteral obstruction can not be influenced by relief of obstruction in the steady-state phase.

[X-ray findings in adult progeria (Werner's syndrome)]. / Röntgenbefunde bei der Progeria adultorum (Werner-Syndrom).

A patient with Werner's syndrome is presented. The authors describe the clinical picture and x-ray findings in this type of premature aging. The main radiological differentials are discussed.

[An intrapulmonary hematoma induced by a Swan-Ganz catheter]. / Durch Swan-Ganz-Katheter ausgelöstes intrapulmonales Hämatom.

A case of circumscribed intrapulmonary haematoma induced by a balloon-tipped catheter is presented in a 56 year old patient with coronary heart disease. The bleeding site appeared as a pulmonary circular focus or coin-shaped lesion on the chest radiograph. The authors discuss possible causes and risk factors of intrapulmonary haematomas and differential diagnosis of pulmonary coin-shaped lesions.

[Morphology of Paget's osteodystrophia deformans in the computed tomogram]. / Morphologie der Osteodystrophia deformans Paget im Computertomogramm.

Thirty-four patients with known Paget's disease were examined by CT in order to characterise the appearances of the bones on transverse sections. The typical findings have been related to their anatomical localisation and frequency. The differential diagnosis from conditions with similar CT appearances, such as osteoplastic metastases, fibrous dysplasia or osteomyelosclerosis, is discussed. The CT appearances of Paget's disease are typical in the same way as conventional radiographs.

[Magnetic resonance tomography of the feet and ankle joints]. / Magnetresonanztomographie der Füsse und Sprunggelenke.

21 patients with suspected, or known, abnormalities of the feet or ankles were examined by magnetic resonance tomography. The indications were: osteochondritis dissecans of the talus (three cases), osteomyelitis (three cases), suspected tumour recurrence (three cases), undiagnosed pain (six cases) and a further miscellaneous six cases. Although most of these problems could have been solved with other imaging methods, magnetic resonance tomography did add some valuable diagnostic information. Because of its ability to demonstrate bones, synovia, tendons, vessels and subcutaneous fascia in a multi-directional manner, it is superior to all other imaging methods. It saves time by making it unnecessary to use a variety of diagnostic procedures.

Semiquantitative SPECT imaging for assessment of bone reactions in internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint.

The temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of 60 patients with arthrographically confirmed internal derangements and 30 volunteers were examined with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Semiquantitative evaluation was done by forming a quotient from the counts of a constantly sized TMJ-ROI relative to the overall counts of the cranium. The TMJ/cranium quotient depended on the age of the subject, with younger patients showing a larger quotient than older ones. Normal joints were separated from the afflicted ones by means of a discriminant analysis. Sensitivity of semiquantitative evaluation was 78% (disc displacements with reduction) and 89% (disc displacements without reduction). Correct visual evaluation was made in 53% of the reducing and 75% of the nonreducing discs. Semiquantitative SPECT of the TMJs provides important information on the extent of osseous changes in afflicted joints and is suitable for follow-up of splint therapy. It may also be helpful as a screening method in detecting clinically normal joints before arthrography is carried out and in assessing the presumptive response to treatment with a splint.

[Semiquantitative SPECT of anterior dislocation of the temporomandibular joint disk]. / Semiquantitative SPECT bei anteriorer Diskusdislokation der Kiefergelenke.

SPECT examination of the TMJ using 99m Tc-MDP was performed in 43 patients with arthrographically proven anterior dislocation of the disc and in 30 normals. The results were evaluated visually and also in a semi-quantitative manner that took account of relative 99m Tc activity in the TMJ and of the age of the patient. In the presence of arthrographically proven anterior, but reversible, disc dislocation, the semi-quantitative method proved positive in 75% of cases (28 cases). In joints with fixed anterior dislocation (29 cases), bone changes were demonstrated in 86%. Visual evaluation was positive in 50% of reversible, and in 72% of non-reversible dislocations. Semi-quantitative SPECT of the TMJ is excellent for demonstrating bone reaction resulting from TMJ dysfunction and for indicating the severity of the joint abnormality.

[Secondary changes in the bones of the foot in lupus vulgaris]. / Sekundäre Veränderungen des Fussskeletts bei Lupus vulgaris.

The case of a seventy-year old lady is presented who, forty-five years ago, had dermal tuberculosis of the left lower limb and foot. After removal of the infected skin areas with an electric cauter the patient developed massive skin indurations, besides the typical scarification. Actual X-rays showed a decrease in seize of metatarsal bones and digits without lytic or porotic signs. Furthermore, dorsal luxation of the digits was visible. These alterations were interpreted as secondary bone remodelling resulting from long-term traction due to the extensive scarring.